Body Overview
1. Outline: Understand the situation of the separation of powers and co-governance between the royal family and the clan under the clan system in the Eastern Jin Dynasty
2. Time span: The Eastern Jin Dynasty was established in 317 AD, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell in 420 AD
3. Important Event: Wang and Ma share the world, and Huan Xuan usurped the throne
4. Important people: Sima Rui, Wang Dao, Yu Liang, Xie An, Huan Wen, Huan Xuan
Gangdong clan
Under the impact of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings and the ethnic minorities in the north, the Western Jin Dynasty collapsed in 316 AD. Sima Rui, the imperial family, came to Jiankang as a general of Andong and wanted to continue the rule of the Sima family. But the great families of the south did not take him seriously.
In the hundred years since the Three Kingdoms of Eastern Wu, there have been many clans in Jiangdong, among which the eight surnames of Zhu, Zhang, Gu, Lu, Yu, Wei, Kong and He are powerful and intertwined. They looked down on the people who had migrated from the north to the south, and these great clans went their own way, and no one bought Sima Rui's account.
The PK of the North and South Clans
There were also many clans from the north, and Wang Dao of the Wang family was very knowledgeable, he believed that the country could not do without a political core, and resolutely decided to support Sima Rui, the emperor of Jinyuan, with the prestige of his own family.
Every year on the third day of March is a traditional festival in the Gangnam region, and people go to the river to hold a sacrifice ceremony to pray for blessings and disasters. The northern clans led by the Wang clan all accompanied the emperor on a tour on this day, and the whole team was vast, the flag was covered by the sun, and the honor guard was majestic. After seeing this, the southern clan was greatly shaken, and finally recognized and joined the political group from the north.
Because of the role played by Wang Dao in this process, Sima Rui, the Emperor of Jinyuan, was very grateful. During the state celebrations, Sima Rui asked Wang Dao to sit in a row with him to receive the greetings of hundreds of officials, but Wang Dao insisted on not accepting it. Since then, Wang Dao has been in charge, and his brother Wang Dun has been in charge of the army, so people say that "the king and the horse share the world", and the establishment of the Eastern Jin government is inseparable from the support of the family clan.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the four families recognized as having the greatest political influence were the following.
Langya Wang clan
The Wang family that supported Sima Rui was the most famous Wang clan in Shandong at that time, and its ancestors can be traced back to the Qin and Han dynasties. The representative figures of the Wang clan in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty were Wang Yan and Wang Dao, who supported Sima Rui and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Dao, who had been an official for a long time, assisted the three emperors of Emperor Yuan, Emperor Ming, and Emperor Cheng, and became the de facto controller of the eastern Jin Dynasty regime. Most of the descendants and family members of the Wang clan are also important members of the DPRK.
His cousin Wang Dundu (王敦都) oversaw the military of Jiang and Yang Liuzhou (楊六州), supported the military of Liuzhou (江) and Yang Liuzhou (潣六州), and later launched a rebellion to threaten the Jin Dynasty; this was an objective reflection of the strength of the Wang clan to a certain extent. Just as the so-called Shangpin has no cold door, there are more than 160 people in the Wang family who have achieved more than five pins for the officials before and after. Among the Wang clan, there are also famous calligraphers Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi.
The Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi has a poem, "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people", and "Wang Xie" refers to the Wang clan of Langya, and the Chen Liu Xie clan in the following
Yokawa Yu clan
The Yu family is from Xuchang, Henan, and was a well-known local noble family during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to the invasion of the Wuhu regime in the north, he followed the ranks of the Nandu Shi clan and joined the Eastern Jin Dynasty government. The representative figure of the Yu family was Yu Liang, who, because his sister Yu Wenjun was married to Emperor Ming of Jin, entered the dynasty as a foreign relative and held important positions, and fought against the division of power among the Wang family, and eventually Yu Liang succeeded the powerful minister Wang Dao.
After the death of Emperor Ming of Jin, Yu Liang became an auxiliary chancellor as an uncle of the state, and his younger brothers Yu Bing and Yu Yi also successively controlled the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and when the power was at its greatest, it could influence the emperor's abolition.
Chen Liu Xie Shi
Namely Chen Junxie, from Yangxia, Chen County, Henan. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the only one whose fame could match the Wang clan of Langya was the Xie clan of Chen County. The most well-known figure of the Xie clan was Xie An, who presided over the battle in the Battle of Shuishui, and defeated Former Qin.
The idiom "comeback" refers to Xie An's appointment. From Xie An's generation, Xie An's cousin Xie Shang and younger brother Xie Wan all came out to become officials, and the family gradually prospered, reaching its peak during Xie An's tenure.
Xie An had his nephew Xie Xuan form a Northern Province army with strong combat effectiveness, defeating hundreds of thousands of Former Qin troops at the Battle of Shuishui in 383. The Beifu Bing was a professional military system that had a profound impact on the Eastern Jin Dynasty and later generations; the Beifu Bing later supported their leader Liu Yu in establishing the Southern Song Dynasty and replacing the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
After the Six Dynasties, the world was mostly called "Wang Xie", which almost became synonymous with the ancient Chinese family, and the famous Xie Lingyun and Xie Xie in the history of literature also came from the Xie family.
Huan clan of Yu County
Huan Shi was a native of Anhui Province, and Huan Wen was the son-in-law of Emperor Ming of Jin. Huan Wen has since embarked on the road of power.
Huan Wen led his troops to destroy the Chenghan regime in the west of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so his reputation in the dynasty was greatly enhanced, and he later rose to the rank of Sima Da, who held the power of the imperial government for a long time. He established the unshakable position of the Huan family.
Huan Wen defeated Chenghan during his military career and carried out three effective and influential Northern Expeditions, establishing his prestige, gaining political capital, and immediately having ambitions to usurp the Jin Dynasty and establish himself. His famous quote was: "Neither can it be passed on to future generations, nor is it enough to return the stink of Wanzaiye?" A face that is not willing to be mediocre, this statement comes from the famous "New Language of the World".
Because Xie An was in power with the same dynasty, Huan Wen failed to achieve the goal of usurpation in his lifetime, and he was able to achieve a good death.
In the era of Huan Wen's son Huan Xuan, Huan Xuan finally rebelled and forced Emperor An of Jin to take the throne, and after a short period of imperial addiction.
Liu Song Jin
Huan Xuan's usurpation power soon collapsed, and the political stage performances of the four major families of Wang, Yu, Xie, and Huan were about to end.
In 420 AD, the Eastern Jin Dynasty also reached the moment of being replaced by Liu Song.
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