I know that I am in love for a long time: talking about Chen Hengke's mourning poems

One of the scrolls of Chen Heng's poetry.

□ Liu Jingfu

In 1930, Qian Jibo wrote "History of Modern Chinese Literature", appending "Chen Hengke" to the chapter "Chen Sanli", saying that "all the sons of the three li can write poetry, and the eldest son Heng Ke is the most famous... For the poetry to learn Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian, especially sincere love. Woman Fan died early; after marrying Wang, she died again, and sorrow was very much."

Chen Hengke (Shi Zeng) yuan and Fan Xiaochang (milk name Ju Bao), unfortunately in 1900 at the age of twenty-five years old, Tsuen Hui was destroyed early, and his stepwife Wang Chunqi (Mei Wei) was unfortunately killed in 1913 Chinese New Year's Eve one year old. A month after Chun Qi's death, Heng Ke tearfully carved a party seal, the seal is "I know that I am in love for a long time", and the side paragraph: "Shi once mourned his death, but he had this work, and he admired himself in front of the lamp, and he couldn't help but be surprised." "Knowing that I am in love is long" is a verse by Li Shangyin, entitled "Twilight Autumn Solo Tour qujiang": "When the lotus leaves are born, they hate life in spring, and when the lotus leaves wither, they hate in autumn." I know that I am in love and look forward to the sound of the river. In 1916, Heng Ke drew a picture of "Ink Lotus" and inscribed li Shangyin's poem on the map. It is worth noting that he changed the phrase "looking forward to the sound of the water of the Jiangtou River" to "afraid to listen to the sound of the water of the Jiangtou River."

Xiao Chang and Chun Qi died of illness one after another, causing Heng Ke to fall into the grief of "this endless period of hatred". He once named his study "Jumei Shuangying'an" under the names of Xiao chang and Chunqi, and engraved the name of the "Jumei Shuangying'an" room.

Poetry critics during the Republic of China period generally believed that Heng Keyu's poetry did not inherit his father's learning. Beginners learned to select the body, not confined by the Tang and Song Dynasties. Poetry and Xiao Yuan, sincere love, deep thoughts, mourning the death of all the work. The first to expose the value of Heng Ke's mourning poems was Chen Yan (Shi Yi), who had a unique comment on Heng Ke's mourning poems in the "Poetry of the Stone Relic Room":

There are many mourning poems in ancient and modern times, but there are few who are really sad. The Master has done many things, and all of them are really sad. "Wu Zhongcheng has a sense of remarriage and has a gift" Yun: "The newlyweds are happy, and the remarried people sigh." I don't know the new people's intentions, and I often remember the faces of the old people. "All good sentences also. Shi Zeng was devoted to the two of them, and then mourned the death of wang shi, especially sad. When there is poetry in the years, it will be determined by the rest. There are more than 100 poems in one volume, and the works of mourning are in the thirteenth and fourth, that is, the non-mourning topic, but also the involvement and mourning, which is really the same as the disease in the past ten years. Sincere words are at most, such as a poem called "The Remains of Titled Chunqi" (see below). "Fayuan Temple Looking at Flowers" Yun: "My heart can't spring, and the spring color suddenly comes to my eyes." Under the Wuli Meditation Hall, there were tear marks. Sensen came out of the wall branch and made a clear face. Stay here for fun, but worry about the wind. "Shi Junfang has the relatives of the riding province. "Writing Under the Moon" Cloud: "The bamboo is green to the ground, and the moon is bright and shadowy." Do not follow the heart of the dead, but illuminate the face of the living. "Also mourn the dead. Jun is deep in love, so he painted "Xiao Xiantang's Book Map" for Yu, and the inscription poem has clouds: "The most profound feelings are deeply boned, and everything is not rewarded." The five words of "everything" can really write my heart, but they can withstand the thousands of words of the yo-yo.

Another person who has a profound understanding of Heng Ke's mourning is Mr. Zhu Jincheng. In May 1985, the tenth episode of "Xuelin Manlu" edited and published by zhonghua bookstore published Zhu Jincheng's article "Reading Chen Shizeng's Posthumous Poems" with zero ink. The interpretation of Heng Ke's mourning poem in the text still has guiding significance:

Chen Hengke once said that "painting is the top, calligraphy is secondary, and poetry is secondary." Indeed, the title of his poem is obscured by his monumental painting title. In fact, his poetry occupies a place in the late poetry world. Wang Peijiang's "Guangxuan Poetry Point Record" and Qian Zhonglian's "Record of Poetry Points in the Past Hundred Years" are both on the list, and his poetic style is plain and natural, and his feelings are deep, which is different from his father Chen Sanli. In particular, the mourning poems, lingering with pity, like the charm of the late Tang Dynasty, have a strong artistic appeal, as discussed in the "Poetry of the Stone Relic Room", they are "truly sad". For example, "Feelings of Weeping and Funeral in the Hundred Days After Chunqi's Death":

I live in Xicheng Min, Jun funeral East Guomen. Winding poplar road, barren grassland. Come here to cry, tears wash your eyes and faint.

There is no stake, and there is no wine. Burning incense, the four walls are tepid. Remembering the man in my coffin, the cry of desire has been swallowed.

The shadows are forever separated, and the eyes are blind to the soul. Why don't I dream, always smelling jokes. It has been three months, and the weeping ceremony is in place.

I cry for a while, and I am sad and sad. The thread is broken, and the silk is graced. The bitter pull has been destroyed, leaving a trace on the heart.

The deceased has nine original soils, and the newcomer has a three-inch coffin. Successively, the water will never return. I deserve this, tears in my eyes.

When he was born, he entered my door, and the hair carried the crown of beads. Death is the road of dust, and the spirit is full of songs. Ignore ten years of things, really do a hundred years to see.

Thinking of this is often pitying, withering my face less strong. Less strong and geometric, tired of dew balls. It will be the end of the same, and everything will be empty.

The "Poetry of the Stone Relic Room" commented: "The second crown Luan Eryun cannot be said in front of people, and the more magnificent it is, the more sad it is, and the so-called unbearable look back." The Master has mourned and rejoiced, and the words of true sorrow are not known to shallow people. When Chen Yan wrote the poem, his wife had also died, and he had pity for the same illness, so he had extremely deep feelings about Shi Zeng's mourning work. At that time, Shi Zeng also painted a "Picture of Xiao Xiantang" to give to the old man of Shi Yi, and wrote "The Wife of Mr. Shi Yi lived in Xiao XianTang, eight years after his wife's death, he was ordered to engrave Xiao Xian Tang and print it as a picture, because the inscription" poem Yun: "Reading the world, there is a unique Xiao Xian Tang." Deeply emotional, nothing can be done. The mountains contain sunsets, and the leaves fall in the air. Embrace this weeping old, lamenting the desolation of heaven and earth. ”

Although this poem is written about the hatred of the old man of Shi Yi, it is also expressing his own sorrow, which shows the commonality of the feelings of the two of them. Heng Ke's emotion also melted into poems inscribed for others, such as "Painting Spring Red Wash Bricks for Tao Zhongmei": "The guest is lonely and the old mane is silky, desolate and sick." I don't know how many minghua tears turned into a spring red washing pool. "Self-prologue:" Huang Xintian's wife Hid Yiyan, Xintian took the poetic name of Dongpo as Sheng Chunhong, and after mourning his death, he composed a poem engraving Yan Back Cloud: Duanzhou Gongru bought a return boat, and Cui Yu Mingzhu Ru did not receive." Only wrapped in a piece of spring red, ink and tears communicate today. More than twenty days after Zhongmei mourned the death of this Stone, he felt that he was already depressed, and it belonged to the picture to remember, and Yu also shared this relationship, touching the sorrow, and did not feel the misery of words. ”

Heng Ke also has a song "Inscription Chunqi Relic" Yun: People die with such a surprise, and Wu Wu can't call it. Oh Yu only shadow the human world, how to live together and die differently. The same as the dead can see each other twice, a pair of white bones wrapped in barren mountains. And when I was born, I hung my eyes, and I was accompanied by the history of books. What is the lacquer coffin, and the shape of the heart is almost incomprehensible. Last year's laughter has turned to dust, and today's dreams are in tears.

The language of this poem is like a homely word, but the rich emotional ups and downs cling to the reader's heartstrings. At the beginning of the poem, it is said that it is a happy event that people can see the relics after death, but "Wu Wu can't call it up" and evokes the grief of losing his relatives, and instead thinks of "same death", and the same death still can't see each other, it is better to let the relic "accompany me to the history of the book". The second half of the poem turns the pen sharp to reality, from "lacquer coffin" to "laughter last year", feeling extremely lonely and desolate, and even weeping. The whole poem adopts the technique of blending scenes and the wrong virtual reality, and is completed in one go, with the artistic charm of "it is difficult to open your eyes all night long and repay the unexplored eyebrows of ordinary life", which is indeed the best work in his poems.

In addition to the above-mentioned poems commented by Chen Yan and Zhu Jincheng, Heng Ke also has the following mourning poems:

Mourning

Ask er where the soul returns to the hometown, and the sense of shadow of the remnant years is coming. The same thing as drinking and selling out the anointing, dreaming of paying chi colt to accumulate hatred for a long time.

There are residual coals wrapped around the powder, and the walls are left to hide the hall. Su Yihua sincerely means nothing, alone to the beijing dust bitter moon yellow.

Out

When I went out, I saw the remnants of the sun, and the willows were dusty. Lang Trace He had been closed to live, who was said to be a palace merchant.

The car darkly felt the road at that time, and the leaves withered last night's frost. It was not too late to return to the floor, and the chaotic crows surrounded the walls of the Han Palace.

Parted

Ambiguous lamp candlelight, with sadness under the empty hall. Red Luo nodded goodbye to tears, it was a concubine when she was married. The sun is getting late, and the intestines are empty.

When there is no re-sighting, the cold waves are far away. The concubines are light and the water of Jun'en is deep. Love hurt Bejinshi, for the playing of the white head chant.

Chun Qi died in the years and cried with poetry

Don't let me just become a year old, the palace will be cold and gray from now on. Yo-Yo is also a rootless person, and who falls is born into the world.

That is, the source of the matter is suffering, and the song is to reach the meaning of mourning. Under the cold stirrups, He went to the dark tears.

Crying at the Spring Palace

The sharp wind slashed the face to the East Side, and the whimpering returned to the intention. The deserted temple is lonely and the forest is strange, and the cold net of su shuai is dusty.

Cohabiting in Hua Wu Ning non-division, suddenly saw the question and lost his voice. If I return to the Nine Springs first, I will fall without tears.

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the People's Republic, the famous mourning poems and mourning poems, as far as the memory can see, Xu Zhenyi carved "The Collection of Curses" for the mourning of his Ji people, Cheng Xueke carved the "Collection of Hate" for the mourning of the Ji people, Zhang Yushan had a hundred eulogies, called "XiangXian Away from hate spectrum", and Chen Yan had three hundred long poems of mourning for the death. But it is rare for two people like Heng Ke to mourn the death and feel stubborn.

In 1909, Heng Ke's friend Hu Chaoliang gave a poem in which there was a sentence that read, "The Chen family brothers wrote the article Bo, and the good sentences spread between the rivers and the seas". Since 1906, when Chen Sanli, an old man in the scattered plains, began to publish poems in newspapers and periodicals, followed by Heng Ke, then Fang Ke (who published words as his most), and then Long Ke. The names of the Chen father and son appear frequently in newspapers and periodicals, and sometimes the poems of the father and son are published in the supplement or issue of the same issue of the newspaper on the same day. For more than ten years, the Chen father and son became famous. The poems of the sons of the hereditary sanhara are confirmed here, and the one with the highest score is Heng Ke. On the surface, it is because Heng Ke's paintings and poems at this time have reached a considerable height, and the factors behind it come from the traditional "the world values its art, I value its people". Heng Ke's good character was unanimously recognized and passed on by word of mouth by the literary scholars at that time. In August 1923, Heng Ke died suddenly, and his teachers and friends cried in unison. Cai Yuanpei, who was visiting Brussels, learned the bad news from the Morning Post and lamented that "Chen Shi Zengjun died of illness in Nanjing." This person has a high character, and among modern painters, it can be described as a rare talent, and he is not eternally old, sorry! ”

Ancient literary theorists have a view that poetry guides temperament and does not argue about work, "So when you read Junshi' poems, you also know that Jun is a man" (Bai Juyi), "A person with a meritorious name must not be the sound of Quanshi's indifferent; the son of frivolity must not be the sound of Dun hou and elegance" (Ye Xie). Looking at Heng Ke's poems in this way, Jue Qianxian's comments on his style are accurate and in place. With his peaceful and humble sexual lovers who are not inclined to touch the heat of the times, it is impossible to write "poetry revolution" poems like Huang Zunxian and Liang Qichao, nor can he write the works of his father Chen Sanli who are astringent and tortuous, depressed and indignant. Chen Yan's discussion of the poetry is clear, so he is quite related to Heng Ke and is quoted as a co-tune. The poems he wrote were highly praised for Heng Ke's poems, saying that "the sons of The Originals are multi-functional in words, and Yu gave shi zeng poems, and the so-called 'poetry is my family affair, because the father and son of the king chanted'. The Master has done recently, and the sincerity of the heart has almost surpassed the Father."

In 1988, Beijing Rongbaozhai published "Chen Shi Zeng Yin Spectrum", which was included in the "Knowing that I Am in Love" seal. As soon as the author saw this sealed text, he loved its handsomeness, shallow meaning, and seemed to have a late Tang flavor. He did not know that this was Li Shangyin's poem, for many years I have always thought that it is a good sentence to heng ke himself, it and "the master once mourned the death, but there is this work, in front of the lamp to appreciate themselves, can't help but be surprised" The side section creates a deep and affectionate sad atmosphere, so that the reader has a deep respect for this mourning person. Indeed, Heng Ke's mourning was sincere and without the slightest element of sentimentality. His long-cherished nostalgia for his two ex-wives (married to Huang Guowei in 1916) has made a good story of the mourning of the literati in recent times. Mourning is a work of honor. Heng Ke's mourning poems not only have a place in the mourning poems of the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, but also qualify for the selection of the famous works of mourning in previous dynasties.

Li Shangyin's "Twilight Autumn Solo Tour Qujiang" is not too famous, and after more than a thousand years, he finally met Zhiyin. With his words and deeds, this confidant made the best interpretation of Yishan's "sad people have no arms".

◎Liu Jingfu, scholar, professor of Nanchang University