Didang Lake, Qianlong's "Shaoxing Fu Zhi" and other records as "Didang" (the water is clear and shallow, the lake shape is like a dish), the lakeside dragon guard ancient monument as "Butterfly Dang" (lake shaped like a butterfly spreading wings), located in the northeast of the ancient city of Shaoxing, Didang Street, Donghu Street. The south of Didang Lake is bordered by xiaoyong railway, west of Ruishan New Village and Longzhou Garden, and adjacent to the north and south of National Highway 104 North Double Line. The upper reaches of Didang Lake are connected to the Pingshui Dongjiang River, Meilong River and other waters, and the downstream reaches to the Paixia River, Wayao River and other waterways; the entire Didang Lake area, including Didang Lake, Waiwan, Dalan, Mashan Pond, Chaoli River, Liangtou Pond and other waters, with a total area of about 110 hectares and a water storage capacity of about 5 million cubic meters - blue waves, fishing boats, sunset streams, louxie flowers and trees, often make people linger.
In the prehistoric period, the Didang Lake area should be a tidal and desolate beach. According to the theory of "sea advance and sea retreat" by the famous contemporary historical geographer Chen Qiaoyi and others, six or seven thousand years ago, the vast and rich Yushao Plain had not yet fully dried up and formed, and the tide of the Houhai (now Hangzhou Bay) directly hit the northern foothills of Huiji Mountain. At that time, Didang Lake was a lake - the lake was lined with many isolated hills such as Baima Mountain, Xishi Mountain, Guwu Mountain and some nameless highlands, and the low-lying areas of the lake were connected to the Houhai Sea. The entire Didang Lake area, swallowed between the waves of the houhai, the lake is bitter and salty, the reeds on the lake are overgrown, and the weasel crocodiles and fox rabbits are infested.
Didang Block (South) before large-scale development and construction started
Di Dang Lake and ancient Yue culture. According to records such as the Book of Yue Jie and the Wu Yue Chunqiu, by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there were already people settling on the lonely hills (highlands) such as Baima Mountain on the shore of Didang Lake. The Yue people, who are the "Southern Barbarians" (ethnic minorities), are the indigenous people here. The brave and industrious Yue people built grass huts here to live together, and cultivated rice in the high places, grazed livestock in the foothills, and stored water (fresh water) on the lakeside to raise fish... Of course, even Yue Wang Gujian once said: "This is a remote and ugly town, and the barbarian people are also" - compared with the developed Han culture in the Central Plains, this place is undoubtedly very barbaric and backward. The Yue people who "cut off their hair tattoos", "carved inscriptions and painted foreheads", and "wrong arms and left arms" speak a "bird tongue", in the eyes of the Han people in the Central Plains, it is not only difficult to talk and communicate with them, but also the Vietnamese are brave and fierce, barbaric and unattainable. Therefore, Guan Zhong, a politician of the State of Qi, once commented "with no ill intentions": "The water of Yuezhi is heavy and muddy, so its people are extremely stupid and dirty" - the water of Yueguo is muddy like a pot of broth, so the Yue people are extremely stupid and dirty!
On the shores of Didang Lake, the Yue people who "take the boat as the car and the tree as the horse", "the land affairs are scarce and the water affairs are heavy", and "they are in the company of the crocodile turtles", but the civilization they have generated here is endless, and finally burned the plains - after nearly 3,000 years of inheritance and accumulation, the historical and cultural resources on the shores of Didang Lake are so rich:
In the south of Didang Lake, there are Xishi Mountain, that is, "Beauty Palace" and "Tucheng", according to the "Book of YueJie" and other records, the Yueguo beauty Xi Shi (birth and death year unknown) before entering the Wu Palace, she studied song and dance and court etiquette here for three years. There is Baima Mountain in the southwest of Didang Lake, when Fan Li built the Yuedu City (Shanyin Dacheng) in the thirtieth year of King Jing of Zhou (490 BC), it was connected as part of the city wall - after the completion of Shanyin Dacheng and the relocation of the capital of Yueguo, the population further gathered, production developed rapidly, water conservancy efficiency increased, and the land of fish and rice has gradually taken shape; coupled with road construction and division of Luli Lanes, etc., the economy here has become more prosperous. There is a mixed river in the west of Didang Lake, which was formerly known as "Huanli River", which is said to be the place where Huan yarn and laundry were done when Xi Shiju "Beauty Palace".
There is a "Wu Mountain" in the north of Didang Lake, and the Book of Yue Extinction records that it was the burial place after the death of the "Divine Witch Official" (priest, spiritual leader of the ancient Yue Kingdom) of the Yue Kingdom. A few miles northeast of Didang Lake, there is an ancient Gaopingli, which is said to be the residence of the descendants of the sage Gao Tao in the ancient times, and there are still monuments such as the Gao Wang Temple. In the southeast of Didang Lake, there are Shanyin Ancient Land Road and Ancient Waterway, which is an important traffic artery for Yueguo to communicate with Yongdong and other places; south of Shanyin Ancient Land Road and Ancient Waterway, there are also monuments such as Beauty Mountain and Red Pink Pond and pond swamps named "Five Lakes" (all of which are said to be xishi inhabited and leisurely swimming with Fan Li), there is the East Lake Scenic Area known as the "Great Bonsai of Landscape and Water" (the ruins of ancient Shidao, where the bluestone mined here is mostly used for paving roads, building bridges, and building stone walls in Shaoxing Province), and The Zhenrui Mountain (a bird gate mountain; it is said that Qin Shi Huang stopped here when he was on parade). , feeding grass and drinking water) and other monuments ...
The long history and brilliant context of Didang Lake are not only found in many ancient documents and classics, but also rarely supported by cultural relics. In 1959, a large number of agricultural tools from the Warring States period such as bronze hoes, bronze hammers, bronze scythes, bronze cuts and iron hoes, iron hammers, and iron sickles were unearthed on the south shore of Didang Lake, as well as bronze swords, bronze spears and other weapons from the Warring States period. In 1982, the Cultural Relics Department excavated two trenches about 300 meters west of Xishi Mountain (near the Nianfo Bridge) and found that there was a cultural accumulation layer of about 0.40 meters thick below the surface, and unearthed cultural relics such as printed hard pottery, primitive celadon ware and bronzes; in 2005, a large number of ceramic fragments were excavated from the plot - it is certain that during the Warring States period, this was a larger Yueguo village.
Didang Lake District and Shaoxing Water History. After the Warring States period, the connection between the houhai of Lake Didang was gradually severed. However, Didang Lake eventually became an inland freshwater lake, which should be after the Eastern Han Dynasty Ji Taishou Ma Zhen surrounded jian lake. Qianlong's "Shaoxing Fu Zhi · Water Conservancy" and other records, "didang" is the remnant of the ancient Jian Lake after it was abandoned. During my fieldwork, the author found that the original villages of "Hutangxia" in The south of DidangHu, the original "Tangwan" in Hubei, and the original "Tangxiajin" and "Tangxiazhao" in the southeast of the lake (all of which have been demolished; these villages in Huijian County, which were recently crowned as "Tang", "Tang" all refer to Gujian Lake Pond, that is, its north embankment); next to the Baimiao Bridge in Zhuwei Village, East Of Didang Lake, there was an old "Taishou Temple" dedicated to Ma Zhen - so It should be certain that Didang Lake was once part of the East Lake of Gujian Lake.
Legend has it that when Ma Zhen surrounded Gujian Lake, in order to survey the terrain, he once went to WushanLi in the north of Didang Lake (now Shuipai Village, Donghu Subdistrict). Ma Zhen found that the river in Wushan was shallow and narrow, and coupled with the ancient Wushan Pingli, it was not conducive to flooding or irrigation, so he ordered the stonemasons to split the entire ancient Wushan Mountain; Ma Zhen also organized the people in Wushan to dredge and open the river channel (the river channel northeast of the ancient city of Present-day Shaoxing to Doumen was dredged) to facilitate the discharge of floodwater. Ma Zhen also set up a "Water Monument" (a "JiShui Monument") in Wushan as a yardstick to measure the water level of Gujian Lake and control the amount of water discharged. Historical records record that after the completion of the Gujian Lake project, in order to better manage the water level of the Shanhui Plain (Yushao Plain), the government selected two households in Wushan who knew water conservancy to take care of the "Jishui Monument" and let them maintain contact with the people responsible for managing the weir and gate of the lake in the method of "flying pigeon transmission". Historical records record that the "seasonal water monument" is divided into three "then", each "then" is ten inches; if it encounters a sunny day for consecutive days, the person who manages the lake weir and the gate must open the weir gate to drain the lake water to irrigate the farmland (Gujian Lake is an above-ground lake) to keep the water level in the middle; in normal times, the water level should be five inches lower than the middle; in the rainy season of consecutive days or plum rain, in order to prevent flash floods, it is necessary to open the Doumen gate in advance and lower the water level to the lower one; in the season when the wheat is not harvested, the water level should be kept five inches below the middle; when the rice harvest season is harvested, it is convenient for the boat to navigate If the water level is kept below, it should be five inches above; if the water level reaches the middle, it is called the person who manages the lake weir and the gate to drain the water... Water level management is very scientific.
Because of Ma Zhen's outstanding achievements in surrounding Gujian Lake, a solid foundation has been laid for the area around Didang Lake to become a veritable "land of fish and rice".
In the fourteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1535), Tang Shao'en (year of birth and death unknown) became the prefect of Shaoxing. According to historical records, Tang Shaoen presided over the famous Sanjiang Gate (also known as yingsu gate) project. After the completion of the Sanjiang Gate Project, Tang Shaoen re-set up a "Water Monument" (water level ruler) near the original "Jishui Monument" in Zeshuipai Village, which was used as a standard for controlling the opening and closing of the Sanjiang Gate. According to Kangxi's "Records of Huiji County" and other records, the "Water Tablet" is marked with five grids of "gold, wood, water, fire, and earth", stipulating that "where water reaches the foot of the golden character, each hole is opened; to the foot of the wooden character, sixteen holes are opened; to the foot of the water character, open eight holes; the summer solstice fire character head is built; and the winter solstice soil character head is built", and the water level dispatch must strictly abide by this rule.
Didang Lake District and Zhejiang East Grand Canal. The Grand Canal in Eastern Zhejiang is an important main waterway that runs through northern Zhejiang and passes through the Ningshao Plain (Shaoxing), and has made extremely important contributions to the development of northern Zhejiang in history. In May 2013, the Zhejiang East Grand Canal was listed as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In June 2014, as part of China's Grand Canal, the Zhejiang East Grand Canal was inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List.
Mr. Chen Qiaoyi and others believe that "the canal in Shaoxing City, from Ying'en Gate in the west to Dusimen in the west, is composed of four sections of the Shangda Road River, Xiaoshan Street River, Xiangqiao to Changqiao section and Dusi River from Shangda Road River, Xiaoshan Street River, Xiangqiao to Changqiao Section and Dusi River".-this is naturally not wrong. However, the author would like to add that most of the transit vessels busy in the Grand Canal in eastern Zhejiang do not have to take the "Ying'enmen - Dusimen" inner waterway; many times, the boatmen choose to take the waterways outside the city (north of the city) are often smoother - one is because the "Ying'enmen - Dusimen" channel is extremely prone to congestion (water traffic jams); second, because the freight and passenger ships transiting the Zhejiang East Grand Canal (the destination is not in Shaoxing City), there is really no need to take the busy and congested "Ying'enMen - Dusimen" Water Alley is not possible.
According to the historical materials recalled by the shipwrights obtained by the author's visit, the following factors will generally be considered in which waterway to take when sailing near shaoxing county, such as the destination, the size of the vessel and the depth of the draft, the water level of the waterway, the wind and wave situation, and the degree of congestion of the waterway. For example: if the ship needs to carry goods, unload, pick up guests, or replenish supplies in Shaoxing City, then it can only pass through Shaoxing City, that is, it has to take the more congested "Ying'en Gate - Dusimen" waterway; if the ship does not need to dock in Shaoxing City, the Ring River is not very congested, the boatmen would rather choose to bypass the Shaoxing Ring River; but if the ship has a large tonnage and a deep draft, then it is necessary to bypass the "Guandu - Meishan River - Shangzhou River (then Shuipai Village) - Didang Lake (Yaowan River)"; if it encounters a dry season, Then many boats have to take the "Guandu - Meishan River - Shangzhou River ( then Shuipai Village ) - Didang Lake (Yaowan River)" of the wide river depth; if it is a time of heavy wind and rain, then the small boats with poor wind and waves, or the large boats with full loads, choose to take the "Ying'enmen - Dusimen" waterway or the waterway around the city, slower but safer; if they encounter the Qingming Festival, or other auspicious days of the zodiac, the tomb sweeping and marrying boats will block the rivers in Shaoxing City, then most of the transit boats have to detour the waterway around the city, or take the "Guandu - Meishan River - Shangzhou River (Zeshuipai Village) - Didang Lake (Yaowan River) "... Therefore, the author believes that there is no fixed waterway in the near section of the Zhejiang East Grand Canal Shaoxing County, and Didang Lake is actually an integral part of the Zhejiang East Grand Canal (Canal Zone).
Didang Lake District and Wu Yueguo culture. In the second year of Tang Qianning (895), Dong Chang (?) –896) proclaimed himself emperor in Yuezhou, established the title of Da yue Luoping, and changed his name to Yuan Shuntian. The following year, Emperor Zhaozong of Tang ordered Qian Wei (852-932) to recruit him from the eastern province of Zhejiang, and ordered Qian Tou to eliminate Dong Chang. Qian defeated Dong Chang's army in the waters of the Great Barrel Basin outside The Wu Mountains outside Sanjiangmen (present-day Chang'anmen) in Yuezhou, and captured Dong Chang on a stone bridge (later known as Changwang Bridge) leading to SanjiangGuanDao. Legend has it that during this fierce battle, Qian Biao had a son who was unfortunately killed, and Qian Fu buried his coffin on a small tu (small island) in Xizhuang, Wushan. Later, Qian Moved his son's coffin from Xiaotu in Xizhuang, Wushan, back to Hangzhou for burial. Nowadays, a small tu in Xizhuang, Shuipai Village, the common people have always called it "Prince Tu".
During the WuYue period, the official government attached great importance to the water management and governance of Gujian Lake, and did not allow powerful landlords to encroach on the lake area and build land around the lake. Qian Hao once mobilized the people of Yuezhou to dredge the silt at the bottom of Gujian Lake, and repaired embankments, repaired bucket gates and gates and weirs, and issued orders to encourage the people in Wushan to take good care of the "Jishui Monument". Qian Wei had an immediate family member who settled in Wushan. Qian Hao has a very high prestige and status in the hearts of the people of wushan for generations, and on the stone pillar of the great temple of Shuipai Village, there is now such a painting engraved: "Carrying the sea to shoot the tide of the great achievements of Qiantang for thousands of years, Anmin Baojing En'an anointing water for two days", the praise of the Yang Lian and the temple should be Qian Hao (and his generals). In the first year of Ming Hongwu (1368), the Wushanli people (descendants of Qian Hao) also built the "QianWang Su Ancestral Hall" in the village West Village, and imitated the Qian family's ancestral garden in Shijian Township, Lin'an, and dug the "Po Liu Well" (the monuments are still there today).
Didang Lake District and Shaoxing wine culture. The world's three ancient wines - rice wine, beer, wine, only yellow wine originated in China, is the oldest wine in China. The Yue wine, that is, Shaoxing yellow wine, also known as Shaoxing old wine, is the most dazzling sign of the yellow wine, known as "the more wine in the world". The Central Research Institute of the Republic of China government once recognized Shaoxing rice wine as "the authenticity of our country's wine".
Shaoxing yellow wine, brewed by natural fermentation method, is made of refined white glutinous rice, excellent wheat wine koji, and Jianhu water (Didang Lake water) as raw materials, commonly known as "meat in wine, bone in wine, and blood in wine". Liang Zhangju (1775-1849) of the Qing Dynasty said in the "Continuation of the Traces of the Waves": "Between Gaishanyin and Huiji, water is the most suitable for wine, and changing places cannot be good, so there are Shaoxing people in other provinces who brew like the legal system, and the water is different, and the taste is far inferior." Workshops and distilleries outside Shaoxing use the same high-quality glutinous rice and wheat koji to hire Shaoxing winemakers to operate, but the color, aroma and taste of the wine they produce cannot be compared with the yellow wine produced in Shaoxing - what is produced in other places can only be called imitation Shao wine and ordinary rice wine, and the important reason is that the water quality is different.
Shaoxing wine winter brewing
"Absorb the water of the Jian Lake in front of the door and brew the Fragrant Fragrance of Shao Wine", the water of the ancient Jian Lake, which is the most ideal water for brewing Shaoxing yellow wine. However, after the two Song Dynasties, Gujian Lake was gradually oblivious. Shaoxing city residents brew their own (winter brewing) yellow wine, mostly take the water of Didang Lake - Didang Lake is the remnant of the East Lake of Gujian Lake (belonging to the Gujian Lake water system), the water surface is open, the water potential is vast. In the old days, the people of Shaoxing believed that the water taken from the waters of Bai crucian Ting in the center of Didang Lake was the best source of water for brewing Shaoxing yellow wine. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, many villagers in Tangxia Jin Village on the south shore of Didang Lake scooped up the water of The White Crucian Ting of Didang Lake and used boats to carry them into Shaoxing City to sell as a livelihood (some people in the city used to use water for brewing in winter, as well as water for daily life, which were supplied by it); legend has it that in the old days, Tangxia Jin Village had a "eighteen cousins" water sales fleet, and the scale and scene were quite large.
Didang Lake District and Shaoxing industrialization. On the west bank of Didang Lake, from the 1950s to the early 21st century, there was a modern large factory- Shaoxing Iron and Steel Factory. Shaoxing Iron and Steel Factory was once a symbol and symbol of the ancient city of Shaoxing towards industrialization and modernization, and it was also the pride of generations of Shaoxing people.
In 1957, in order to comply with the trend of the times and the people's desire for industrialization and modernization, the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to "tighten the belt of pants and build a steel factory" - Shaoxing set up the Shaoxing Branch of Zhejiang Iron and Steel Factory (later renamed Shaoxing Iron and Steel Factory, referred to as "Shaogang"). At 4:07 p.m. on November 26 of that year, in the ardent expectations of millions of Shaoxing people, the No. 1 blast furnace of the Shaoxing Branch of Zhejiang Iron and Steel Plant with a capacity of 27.5 cubic meters was refined, and the first furnace of pig iron was refined - this achievement of socialist construction that can be called a "feat" naturally caused a sensation in the ancient city of Shaoxing. Excited, the Shaoxing people rushed to tell each other, and even the masses beat gongs and drums and fired cannons to celebrate.
Zhejiang Daily reported that the No. 1 blast furnace of Shaoxing Branch of Zhejiang Iron and Steel Plant was completed and put into operation
At the peak of "Shaogang", there were as many as 5,000 employees - at that time, Shaoxing city only had a population of more than 100,000, so almost every family had relatives, relatives and friends working in "Shaogang" at that time. "Shaogang" good labor protection and welfare - soda, mung bean popsicle, movie tickets, bath coupons, etc., have been "eye-catching" luxury goods. In that era, if you can find a job in "Shaogang", it is a very beautiful thing - even including marrying a wife and marrying someone, it is absolutely "fragrant steamed bread"... "Shaogang" has left countless good memories for Shaoxing people! Love the party and the country, be open and forget selfish, strive for the upstream, work selflessly, and build socialism with one heart and one mind... All of this seems very "complicated", but in that "era of burning passion", in front of a group of people with "faith", everything became particularly "simple"! The power of "faith", any social manager, should cherish its value!
However, with the change of the times, for one reason or another, by the end of 2001, "ShaoGang" finally stopped production and closed down. In the "Shaogang Memorial Park" on the shore of today's Didang Lake, the "Shaogang Monument" stands silently, and its clouds: Guyue Huijiao, is the place where Dayu has passed, and the smelting and casting industry has been very early. Yueguo Ouye cast sword, Han Dynasty smelting steel casting mirror, are well-known. At the beginning of the founding of New China, everything was wasted and waiting to be rebuilt. In 1957 AD, a steel factory was built in the eastern suburbs of Shaoxing Ancient City, which was the first pig iron to be baked in the year, opening up the steel industry in Zhejiang and becoming the originator of Shaoxing's modern industry. In the following decades, the scale has expanded several times, covering an area of tens of hectares, with 5,000 employees, the leader of the enterprise, the big household of profits and taxes, the benefit of the country and the people, and the contribution is indispensable... The sword of courage is reminiscent of the past, and the new face of the old site is different. Shaogang has been standing for fifty years, standing with the times and retreating with the trend. Whether advancing or retreating, they are all the trends of the times, carrying the dream of prosperity and prosperity, not departing from the intention of benefiting Sangzi; or rising or disappearing, all write the struggle of the people of the time, the witness of history, the memory of the city...
Didang Lake District and Shaoxing urbanization. In 1992, after Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997) issued the "Southern Tour Speech", special economic zones and development zones across the country broke ground one after another. At that time, in order to change Shaoxing's overstretched urban space and break the dilemma of restricting economic development due to the narrowness of the hinterland, in August of that year, on the banks of Didang Lake, the Shaoxing High-tech Industrial Development Zone (hereinafter referred to as "Shaoxing High-tech Zone") was born according to the trend of the times. In 1997, the "Shaoxing High-tech Zone" added the "Shaoxing High-tech Industrial Park" brand, focusing on the attitude of a high-tech pioneer, seizing the opportunity, striving to be strong, pioneering and innovative. In 2001, "Shaoxing High-tech Zone" was identified by the Zhejiang Provincial Government as a provincial-level high-tech industrial park.
For more than 20 years, the "Shaoxing High-tech Zone" has gradually accumulated five leading industries such as electronic information, machinery manufacturing, biomedicine, new materials and new energy. In recent years, modern service industries such as cultural creativity, animation games, service outsourcing, financial investment, R&D incubation, trade logistics, entertainment and leisure, and headquarters building economy have developed strongly and have continuously opened up new development space.
For more than 20 years, more than 100 modern skyscrapers have been erected around the Lake District of Didang Lake. As an inner lake of the city, Didang Lake has begun her transformation. By the beginning of 2016, a regional comprehensive urban park that integrates traditional local culture with modern and simple new city temperament, with the theme of "ecology, health and leisure", Didang Lake Park, began to show people her magnificent posture: on Didang Lake, water island blending, modern cable-stayed bridges, arch bridges, and antique covered bridges, oval arch bridges and other bridges of different forms, Didang Lake Park was decorated as a bridge museum; step by step, all the way, flowers and grasses, smoked willow painting bridge, The water curtain is flowing, and the beauty is breathtaking... Didang Lake will not only play a role in flood control and drainage, but also become a modern urban lake that inherits the culture of water town.
Today, a vibrant and thriving Didang Lake, the heroic debut, is eye-catching. While making great strides and leaps forward to promote the development and construction of Didang Lake, the author cannot help but have a hint of cultural concerns: Didang Lake, since ancient times, has been the "land of fish and rice", then Shuipai Village and so on are famous "ancient fishing villages" - but the characteristic culture of water towns and fishing villages, such as Wuda net fishing, big net fishing, "steady Du Gong" (hydraulic engineering) underwater stunts, Wu tent boats and various kinds of ancient boats (warships) production technology, mussel breeding and pearl picking technology, as well as water village social dramas, fishing sacrifices, fishing songs, lotus songs, etc., seem to have been passed down. Inheriting these cultures should all be meaningful and valuable.
Winter Fishing in Didang Lake (Uda Net Lead Fish)
"The green mountains can't cover it, after all, the east flows", the wheel of history is moving forward, and the era of farming civilization and fishing and hunting economy is gone. But history should not be forgotten, and there should be no faults in human memory. Inheriting the traditional "fishery culture" of Shaoxing, in the era of "Internet +", it seems that we can do more and better.