Macheng Wenshi: The Murderers who Suppressed the Jute Uprising and Their Fate

Macheng Wenshi: The Murderers who Suppressed the Jute Uprising and Their Fate

□ Wang Qi

November 13, 1927, was a memorable day. On this day, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, peasant armed forces from Huang'an and Macheng counties launched a fierce attack on the county seat of Huang'an County, and in the early morning of the 14th, they captured the county seat of Huang'an County, captured the pseudo-county magistrate He Shouzhong and other officials alive, and fired the first shot at the Kuomintang reactionaries in the Dabie Mountains north of the Yangtze River.

I. The course of the uprising and the enemy head-on

The frontal enemy faced by the peasant armed forces of the Jute Uprising was the Kuomintang 30th Army. The two sides directly or indirectly competed 4 times.

After the "July 15th Five-Year Plan" Wuhan government defected to the revolution, the county party committees of Huang'an and Macheng counties lost contact with the provincial party committees. Therefore, the spirit of the "87" conference of the CPC Central Committee was not conveyed to the jute counties until mid-to-late September. The county party committees of the two counties immediately led the "September Riots." At the end of September, the troops of wei Yisan of the Kuomintang 30th Army invaded the jute area, and the "September Riots" were forced to stop. This was the first contact between the jute peasant armed forces and the 30th Army, and the peasant army's attitude toward the 30th Army was to avoid war and be in a passive position.

In early November, the JUTE Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, which was preparing for the jute riot, received a report from the masses that "there was a battalion of people in Qiliping of the 30th Army," but decided to lead the fast gun brigade of the Macheng Peasant Self-Defense Army to cooperate with the Huang'an County Peasant Self-Defense Army on the night of the 10th to encircle and suppress the battalion and surrender its firearms. Unexpectedly, the enemy opened the south gate overnight and fled. A regiment of Wei Yi of the Kuomintang 30th Army stationed in Huang'an County, heard that the Qiliping Peasant Army was huge, did not dare to resist, and withdrew to Huangpi on its own. This was the second contest between the jute peasant armed forces and the 30th Army, the peasant army took the initiative to find the 30th Army to start a war, and the 30th Army stationed 1 battalion in Qiliping and its 1 regiment stationed in Huang'an County fled, passively avoiding the battle.

On November 11, the Jute Special Committee held a meeting in Qiliping, set up the Jute Riot Action Command, and decided to take the Peasant Self-Defense Army of Huanghe and Ma Counties as the backbone, and the mass armed forces to cooperate and first seize the county seat of Huang'an. On November 13, detectives sent to Hekou Town returned to report that Wei Yi's three departments had come to Huang'an County. The riot headquarters decided to take advantage of the regiment's long-distance fatigue and no arrangements, and immediately concentrated more than 1,000 people of the peasant self-defense army in the two counties of jute and the peasant volunteer brigade in the qili and ziyun districts of Huang'an County, and went to attack the county seat of Huang'an at 10 o'clock that night. At 4 a.m. the next day, they attacked the county seat and found that the regiment of the enemy's 30th Army had not yet arrived. The uprising was a resounding victory. At 4:00 p.m. on the 14th, it was learned that a regiment of Wei Yi's three divisions had driven 20 miles west of the county seat, and that the peasant army had been marching and fighting continuously for a day and night, and was very tired, so it decided to take the initiative to evacuate and transport the captured guns, ammunition, and belongings back to the rear of Qiliping. When Wei Yi's three regiments entered the county seat, they found that the county government no longer existed and there was no one to receive them, so the soldiers rushed around to grab rice and grain, and they were afraid that the peasant army would counterattack the county town, and the army was panicked and unstable, staying in the city for only one day, and after scavenging for a large amount of foreign money from the merchants, they withdrew from the county town on the evening of the 15th. On the 16th, the peasant army returned and took control of the county seat of Huang'an. This was the third contest between the Jute Peasant Army and the 30th Army. The peasant army gathered enough morale to take the initiative to attack the 30th Army, but it pounced on the air -- the 30th Army was not yet in place. After the peasant army occupied the county town in the early morning, it first crushed the county government garrison and seized some guns and ammunition. In the afternoon, I heard that 1 regiment of the 30th Army was coming fiercely, but it took the initiative to go out of the city to avoid its sharp edge, and its own side was not damaged. The enemy's 30th Army did not dare to occupy the county seat, and after a night of false alarm, it retreated to Huangpi County the next day. In this third contest, the peasant army was justified and beneficial to the enemy, and it advanced and retreated freely; although the enemy army was numerous, it was like a dog that had lost its family.

On the 18th, the peasant army held the inaugural meeting of the peasant government in the county seat, and more than 10,000 people attended the meeting. Cao Xuekai served as chairman of the Huang'an County Peasant Government. The peasant government tried the pseudo-county magistrate He Shouzhong and together shot several local tycoons and inferior gentry, and the masses clapped their hands and applauded, and the crowd was full of emotion and happiness. Subsequently, in accordance with the instructions of the Hubei Provincial CPC Committee, the CPC Jute Special Committee put more than 300 people from the Peasant Self-Defense Army of the two counties of Jute and the Peasant Self-Defense Army of Huangpi County, which rushed to cooperate with the uprising, to form the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army's Edong Army, under the jurisdiction of the Huang'an County Peasants' Self-Defense Army as the 1st Road and the Macheng County Peasants' Self-Defense Army as the 2nd Road. Pan Zhongru served as commander-in-chief and commander of the First Route Army, Dai Kemin as party representative, Wu Guanghao as deputy commander-in-chief and commander of the Second Route Army, and Liu Wenwei as party representative.

On November 27, the reactionary forces in Huang'an County colluded with more than 400 people from the Independent Brigade of the 30th Army of the Kuomintang Army, Qin Jinzhong, to attack Huang'an City. The Eastern Hubei Army, with the assistance of the masses, repelled it. This was the fourth contest between the Jute Peasant Army and the 30th Army. The peasant army won a complete victory. So much so that blind optimism. "Knowing that the Wuhan counterrevolutionary government will not dare to send a regiment of soldiers, it will not be able to send two regiments of soldiers to fight, and it may not be necessary to send a division." (See the "Report of the Huang'an County Party Committee to the Central Committee on the Circumstances of the Jute Riot" dated December 14, 1927.)

The executioner who suppressed the jute uprising, the Kuomintang 12th Army

The Kuomintang 12th Army frantically suppressed the jute uprising, and the confrontation with the jute uprising peasant army was divided into four stages. The first stage: On December 5, 1927, wen Qinglin," the instructor of the Kuomintang 12th Army (also known as Wen Qinglin), marched from Huangchuan, Henan to Xizhangdian, Macheng, Hubei. The intention is to directly pound Huang'an County. Because the peasant masses in Xizhangdian were armed and well defended, they failed to succeed. At night, Li Wentang, the leader of the 1st Regiment of the Wenqing Forestry Department (a well-organized special task force group with more than 2,000 people), detoured through Songbu and Yinjiahe to raid Huang'an City. The Eastern Hubei Army was not mentally prepared enough, and thought that the bandits were coming, and they rose up to resist, but due to the disparity between the crowds and widows, by dawn on the 6th, the city gate was breached, and the county seat of Huang'an was lost. Commander-in-chief Pan Zhongru and Wang Zhiren, secretary of the Huang'an County CPC Committee, were martyred. The enemy's 1st Regiment washed blood for two days in Huang'an County, killing every person, some shooting, some hacking to death with a random knife, some cutting their abdomen and digging their hearts, and some hanging hands and feet and letting them die in pain, killing more than 100 people in total. They also extorted people in the city, and when they saw women with hair cuts, they were taken captive, and each one was asked for a ransom of 30 yuan to 50 yuan. On December 8, this reactionary army burned all the way into Zhanqiliping, and Lu Jinchuan, commander of the 1st Battalion, arrested Qin Shaoqin, member of the organization committee of the Qili District CPC Committee and chairman of the District Farmers' Association, and Zhang Nanyi, head of the Propaganda Unit of the Qili District Defense Committee. Zhang Nanyi was buried alive in Qiliping. Lu Fengshan, commander of the 2nd Battalion, entered the JianchangHe River, arrested Cheng Ruxiang, the leader of the Jianchanghe Peasant Self-Defense Force and a member of the Communist Party, nailed him to a wooden catalpa tree outside the village, shaved off his eyes, cut off his tongue, and tortured him to death. At this stage, the enemy is wild and cruel to the extreme. (See Selected Materials on the War History of the Fourth Front of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, p. 123, Memoirs of Chen Zaidao, p. 149, and Traces of the Historical Sites of the Jute Uprising, p. 351).)

In the second stage, on December 8, Commander Wen Qinglin led 2 regiments to Turn Tan Shugang to Xizhangdian, Macheng, stationed in the Stronghold of the Peasant Rebel Army in The Shunhe River in Magang, and then gathered along the Shun River to Embankment, Lindian and all the way to Zhongguanyi and Songbu. The 1st Battalion of the 3rd Regiment chased the Eastern Army to Huang'an Muchengzhai and HuangyingZhai, and the 2nd Battalion Of Liu Battalion advanced to occupy Huang'an Gaoqiao. At this stage, the Ministry of Culture, Qing and Forestry carried out insidious and vicious propaganda to deceive the masses, and posted notices everywhere, saying: "This army has become independent from the relations between the state and the government, and has practiced communism ... All communist comrades are invited to sign up." The honest peasant masses believed their deceitful lies, and in one morning more than 600 people signed, and then they ordered the soldiers to surround the masses who came to sign, showing a vicious face and laughing wildly, saying: "This army has always been anti-communist, and today we have come to suppress the communists." "The masses deceived by the enemy were massacred en masse. (See page 94 of The Biography of Wang Shusheng and p. 100 of Memoirs of Chen Zaidao.)

In the third stage, the communists were hunted down in a vicious manner. Cai Jihuang, secretary of the Macheng County CPC Committee, Deng Tiantian, a member of the CPPCC Committee, and Liu Wenwei, a party representative of the Second Road Of the Eastern Hubei Army, led some personnel of the Second Route Army back to Shunheji in Macheng, and Wang Shusheng led some personnel of the Second Route Army back to Chengmagang to launch an uprising of the masses and the Kuomintang 12th Army's instructors, losing no time in attacking the enemy. On December 20, Wang Yongmou, chairman of the Xizhangdian Township Farmers' Association, and Zhang Dinglang, another leader of the Agricultural Association, and Wang Zhenggui, commander of the Self-Defense Army, were arrested at a meeting at Lilin embankment in Xizhangdian when they were informed by people who called them "crooked stomachs" (that is, bad bellies). On January 3, 1928, he was shot and killed by the Wenqing Forest Department on the river beach of Xizhangdian Lower Street. On the night of January 4, 1928, when Cai Jihuang, Liu Wenwei, Deng Tiantian, and three others rushed to a meeting at the Lindian River Cave Gate, they were attacked by Zhou Langshan, the leader of the reactionary militia, because of the bad guys' whistleblowing, and they were unfortunately arrested. On January 7, 1928, he was killed by the Wenqing Forestry Department on the Lindian River beach. Many villages were burned to the ground. Thousands of people died in Huang'an Beixiang, and more than 400 people were killed in Macheng at one time. At this stage, the Huang'an peasant army attacked the enemy army in Huangying Village and Qiliping, surrendered more than 500 guns, and the gentry landlord was horrified, petitioning Ren Jun to send an additional army of about 1,000 people, and the compound surrounded the cottage to the point of no water, grain and grass, and the situation was extremely critical (see page 146 of the "Selected Materials on the War History of the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army", "A New Examination of the Time of the Martyr Sacrifice of Cai Jihuang", "Dabie Mountain Literature", No. 1, 2019).

In the fourth stage, in late December, the local CCP organization and some leaders of the Edong Army held a meeting in Muchengzhai and decided to leave some personnel to persist in the struggle on the spot, and Wu Guanghao gathered 72 people at the Min Family Ancestral Hall in Huang'an Beixiang, with 53 long and short guns, and on December 29, moved to the Mulan Mountain area of Dahuangpi County to carry out guerrilla activities. On January 1, 1928 (the ninth day of the first lunar month), the Edong Army changed its name to form the 7th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, with Commander Wu Guanghao and Party Representative Dai Kemin. On the night of January 22, 1928, Chinese New Year's Eve night, the 7th munitions attacked Luojiagang and surrendered 19 guns. This was the first major victory since the jute uprising broke through, threatening Huangpi, affecting Wuhan, stirring up the enemy's bad years and touching the enemy's nerves. The 3rd Regiment of Wenqing Forestry Department entered Mulan Mountain, and in order to avoid fighting against the superior enemy, the 7th Army moved to Huanggang and Luotian. On January 26, 1928, he arrived at Mt. Osaki in Huanggang to meet the 6th Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (the 6th Army had just been established, and the whole army had only more than 30 long and short guns). The enemy 3 regiments chased after the tail. In February 1928, the 7th Army moved to Daluotian Sanlifa and met with the Second Route Army detachment led by Wang Shusheng. The enemy trailed to Sanlifa. In March 1928, the 7th Army returned to Mulan Mountain and fought against the enemy 3rd Regiment. Due to the deepening of the contradiction between the Gui and Yu armies, in March 1928, the Gui warlords gained a firm foothold, and the commander of the 19th Army, Hu Zongduo, was ordered to suppress the WenqingLin Department of the 12th Army's instructor, and fought in Songbu, Macheng. Commander Chen of the Wenqing Forestry Department was killed, killing more than 200 soldiers. The Wenqing Forestry Department was severely damaged and completely retreated from Hubei to Taoyuan in Yubian in early April. The 7th Army returned to the jute area in April 1928. At this stage, the 7th Army mainly avoided the enemy's front, fought guerrilla warfare, publicized the masses in the movement, eliminated the vigilante groups, and enriched its strength.

Third, the Gui clan and the Yu army look at each other

The Gui clan and the Yu army are not related. During the Northern Expedition, the main force of the Kuomintang Wuhan government in Hubei was Tang Shengzhi's Xiang Army. The Gui clan launched the Ninghan War, that is, the Gui-Tang War, Tang Shengzhi was defeated, and on November 11, he announced his resignation and left Wuhan. On the 13th, the Tang Dynasty withdrew from Wuhan to Hunan. On the 14th, Hu Zongduo, commander of the 19th Army of the Gui Army, and Tao Junbu, commander of the 18th Army, began to enter Hubei one after another. The success of the jute uprising caused a huge shock. The Gui forces had just defeated Tang Shengzhi, and they could not pull their hands for a while, and the three units of the 30th Army Wei Yi only wanted to fish for a handful and leave. In order to curb the development of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army in northeastern Hubei, only the Kuomintang 12th Army stationed in Huangchuan, Henan, was able to teach instructors in Yingqi to have combat effectiveness and was idle and available for emergency response. He sent a telegram to his mentor to attack Huang'an in the south in early December. In March 1928, the Gui warlords gained a foothold and began to unload and kill donkeys. Hu Zongduo, commander of the 19th Army, was ordered to suppress the 12th Army. Subsequently, the Gui forces occupied the jute area, and The commander of the 2nd Division of the 18th Army, Yan Jing (also known as Yan Min), was stationed in Macheng, the 3rd Division of the 19th Army was stationed in Huang'an, and the 17th Regiment Lü Guan led the troops to be stationed in the area of Huang'an Qiliping, Baliyuan, and Gaoqiao. In March 1929, Hu and Tao's departments withdrew. In June 1929, Xia Douyin, commander of the Kuomintang 13th Army, was stationed in Macheng, the 37th Brigade was stationed in Huang'an, the 1st Battalion of the 73rd Regiment was stationed in Baliyuan, and the 1st Battalion of the 74th Regiment was stationed in Qiliping to suppress the peasant movement.

Fourth, the main murderers and endings of the suppression of the jute uprising

Those who suppressed the jute uprising and directly participated in the plot and dispatched troops were: Hu Zongduo, general of the Qingxiang Supervision Office in Hubei Province and commander of the 19th Army. Hu Zongduo (1892-1962), also known as Jinyu, was a native of Huangmei, Hubei. Tao Jun, commander of the 18th Army and chairman of the Qingxiang Association of Hubei Province. Tao Jun (1892-1974), also known as Ziqin, was a native of Pushui (present-day Shuishui), Hubei Province. Those with direct leadership responsibilities were Wei Yisan, commander of the 30th Army. Wei Yisan (1884-1964), also known as Youren, was a native of Gaocheng, Hebei. The commander of the 12th Army, Ren Yingqi. Ren Yingqi (1892-1934), zi ruizhou, a native of Lushan County, Henan Province. Commander Xia Douyin of the 13th Army and others. Xia Douyin (1886-1951), zi lingbing, a native of Macheng, Hubei Province.

Throughout the course of history, several military commanders who suppressed the jute uprising: Tao Jun, Hu Zongduo, Wei Yisan, Xia Douyin, and others, followed Chiang Kai-shek's anti-communist efforts to suppress the jute uprising. In 1949, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolution was victorious, the People's Republic stood tall in the east of the world, and Chiang Kai-shek was caught up on the island of Taiwan and died in April 1975. Mr. Hu fled to Taiwan and died in Taipei in August 1962. Tao Fled to Taiwan and died in Taipei in 1974. Wei Yisan chose the uprising in December 1949 and returned to the embrace of the people, dying in Beijing in January 1964. Xia Douyin left Chiang Kai-shek after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and returned to Hubei to run a coal mine, ushering in liberation in Wuhan in 1949 and dying in Hong Kong in 1951. Ren Yingqi joined the Communist Party after resisting The Japanese and opposing Chiang Kai-shek, and was killed by Chiang Kai-shek in Tianjin in November 1934.

5. Ren Yingqi and Wen Qinglin

The Kuomintang 12th Army was not a Kuomintang troop, but was part of fan Zhongxiu's unit of the former Jianguo Yu Army, and had considerable combat effectiveness. In 1925, he was appointed as the commander of the 1st Independent Brigade of the Jianguo Yu Army. Wen Qinglin (also known as Wen Qinglin) served as the head of the brigade teaching regiment. In 1927, he was appointed as the commander of the 12th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Wen Qinglin was the commander of the instructor division. On November 30, 1927, the Central Military Commission sent a telegram ordering Ren Yingqi's 12th Army to "attack Xuzhou". On December 3, Ren Yingqi ordered his troops to "concentrate on the designated location first, except for the remaining departments of Guang, Huang, Gu, Xi, Shang, Xin, Luo, and Zheng, and all of them will advance towards Yingzhou and will attack Xuzhou." On December 5, the Gui warlord telegraphed Wen Qinglin, the instructor of the 12th Army in Huangchuan, Henan, to bypass Songbu and attack Huang'an to suppress the jute armed rebellion. In December 1928, the 12th Army was downsized to the 49th Division, the Instructor was downsized to the Teaching Regiment, and Wen Qinglin was the regimental commander. The troops were reduced, and the station of the Ministry of Culture was close to Sun Dianying's defense, and Wen and Sun had contacts with each other, waiting for the opportunity to betray Ren Yingqi and defect to Sun Dianying, and was alerted by Ren Yingqi. On March 4, 1929, Ren Yingqi and his confidants Zhao Qingshan and An Rongchang jointly plotted to kill Wen Qinglin and informed Wen to attend a military conference at the division headquarters. At about 10:00 p.m. that night, An Rongchang and Zhao Qingshan, in the name of sending Wen Qinglin, were killed by An Rongchang Ma Ben Zhang Kuan and others outside The Southern Pass of Dezhou. Wen Qinglin's crime of suppressing the jute uprising was extremely heinous, and he died at the age of 43, causing the deepest harm and deserved it.

Ren Yingqi's history of resisting Japan and opposing Chiang Kai-shek and suppressing the jute uprising has become a stain on his life. Ren Yingqi's experience can be divided into four stages: the first stage, devoting himself to the green forest. In Ren Yingqi's youth, social turmoil, plagued by soldiers and bandits, and years of famine, the people did not have a good life. Li Mingsheng of Lushan County led the poor people to uncover the uprising. Because of his admiration for Ren Yingqi's outstanding talent, he was hired as a staff officer. In 1913, Li Mingsheng and Ren Yingqi were incorporated by the Liu Zhenhua Department of the Zhensong Army, and Ren Yingqi was first appointed as a squad leader, and then a platoon leader and a company commander. In February 1918, the Hu Jingyi of the Jingguo Army besieged Xi'an, and Chen Shufan, the overseer of Shaanxi, asked Liu Zhenhua for help, and Ren Yingqi went with the army, returning to Yu in July 1920. In September 1922, he was elected commander-in-chief of the Henan Autonomous Army. After the Wu (Peifu) Yue (Weijun) War in 1926, he was absorbed by Wu and separated from Wu Ruo. When the Northern Expeditionary Army pursued Wushengguan, because his early friend was Liu Juemin, one of the founders of the Kuomintang, under the influence and instigation of Liu Juemin's democratic revolutionary ideas, Ren immediately declared independence in Zhengzhou, opposed Wu Peifu, and sent representatives to Fan Zhongxiu to petition for surrender, jointly beg Wu, and get Fan's permission. At the same time, representatives were sent to Wuhan to contact the Northern Expeditionary Army.

Xiao Yongzheng, an old Red Army soldier who participated in the jute uprising, was born in 1904 and was a founding major general. In his memoirs "From the Macheng Uprising to the West into Sichuan", he recorded a story of Ren Yingqi, saying: A group of bandits came to the street (Dahepu Street) in our hometown, and the head of the family was named Ren Yixi (Ren Yingqi), with thousands of people and hundreds of guns, scattered on the border of Yuyu and Anhui, operating in the Area of Dabie Mountain, under the banner of "killing the rich and helping the poor", against the rich. The party organizations and peasant associations wanted to win them over to participate in the peasant revolution, and Comrade Hu Jinshan (Hu Jingshan, chairman of the peasants' association in Magang District) repeatedly sought out Ren Yixi, but Ren Yixi could not go down the same road with us, but he did not interfere in the agricultural movement and maintained a relationship with us that "well water does not violate river water." Ren Yixi wanted to make a big family in Dabie Mountain, and he swept the pen and wheel to drag the team to Wuhan. In the winter of 1926, Hu Jinshan asked Ren Yixi to meet with the peasant army to fight Zhu JiaChong Kai Laosi, and Ren Yixi had been coveting this piece of "fat meat" of Kai Laosi for a long time, and the gathering team showed the momentum of desperation, which was the first time that our peasants armed to fight the local tycoons. We raided his house, seized some weapons, opened the granary and distributed the grain to the peasants. Ren Yixi snatched away a lot of gold and silver jewelry and guangyang yuanbao, and pulled the team to "part ways" with us. After a few days, some of his soldiers returned to Macheng and said: Ren Yixi went to vote for the Kuomintang warlords, but the conditions were not good, and the other side ate the "fat sheep" sent to the door, and "the dragons were leaderless", so they fled back again. We immediately sent someone to buy them a silver dollar and a gun, and bought a total of sixty or seventy guns with bullets."

This story is true, but the "leaderless" said by the rangers is false, and the fact is that Ren Yingqi was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander of the 12th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and on January 10, 1927, he issued a telegram and officially inaugurated. (See Selected Materials on the History of the Revolution in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region, p. 23).)

The second stage: the Anti-Japanese Northern Expedition. In August 1927, when Japan increased its troops to Qingdao in an attempt to invade and occupy Shandong, Ren Yingqi and all the officers and men of the 12th Army took the lead in electrifying the whole country, urging Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war and go north to resist Japan. The "Shanghai Declaration" was published on August 15: Guangshan Ren Yingqi Telegram: All newspapers have learned: "After hearing that the Japanese army was increasing its troops in Qingdao and planning to go deep into Shandong, the bad news came, And Yue Sheng was indignant, the jackal's ambitions were willing to take risks, the Yang fake sent troops to protect the bridge, the conspiracy to invade and frame the truth, colluded with the Fenglu warlords, fueled China's internal strife, and resumed its ghost tricks, undermined peace in East Asia, as if this conspiracy was really hateful, all compatriots should urgently oppose, hope for the spirit of this revolution, as a diplomatic shield, shu and hua to avoid sinking, urgent statements, and invincible." ”

Ren Yingqi's telegram was impassioned, and his patriotic and worried heart overflowed into words. In the era of warlord chaos, Ren Yingqi had the determination to defend national dignity and resist Japan, but Chiang Kai-shek's mind was not here, and he was sent to the front line of the Northern Expedition. In November 1927, he was ordered to go to Huangpi and Songbu in northeastern Hubei to participate in the Guitang War. On November 30, 1927, the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government sent a telegram ordering Ren Yingqi's 12th Army to "immediately concentrate on Yingzhou, eliminate Woyang, and attack Xuzhou after the enemy in bozhou is remnants." After that, Ren Yingqi was involved in warlord melee many times.

Stage Three: Participation in Anti-Communism. In the domestic political environment after Chiang Kai-shek's "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup and Wang Jingwei's "July 15" anti-communism of the Wuhan Nationalist Government, Ren Yingqi participated in it. Although he himself led the main force on the front line of the Northern Expedition, his 12th Army suppressed the jute uprising on December 5, 1927, the uprising on the great barren slope of southeastern Henan on March 18, 1928, and the northern Anhui rebellion on April 9.

The fourth stage: revolutionary anti-Chiang Kai-shek. Ren Yingqi's 12th Army was not Chiang Kai-shek's concubine unit, but it was particularly effective. Chiang Kai-shek used the tactics of the army, but he was afraid that the tail would not fall. In December 1928, Chiang Kai-shek downsized the 12th Army to the 49th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, with Yingqi as its commander. What's more, in 1930, Chiang Kai-shek launched the Chiang-Tang War, and Ren Yingqi led his troops to fight. On March 17, in Lingbi County, Anhui Province, it was surrounded and ambushed by three divisions of Gu Zhutong's troops of Jiang Yuan's army, and only more than 3,000 people of the 49th Division broke through, and most of them were disarmed. Ren Yingqi fled alone to Beiping. Since then, Ren Yingqi has found the Communist Party and firmly embarked on the road of opposing Chiang Kai-shek. In 1934, Generals Ren Yingqi and Ji Hongchang secretly agreed to organize backbone training in Tianjin and send personnel to instigate the old department, with a view to launching an armed rebellion of 100,000 people in the Central Plains to oppose Chiang Kai-shek. On November 9, 1934, when Ren Yingqi and Ji Hongchang received Liu Shaonan, a representative of Li Zongren, at the Tianjin National Hotel to discuss anti-Chiang Kai-shek cooperation, they were suddenly assassinated by agents of the military command, and Ren Yingqi and Ji Hongchang were injured and detained by the French Concession Bureau. On November 22, Ren Yingqi and Ji Hongchang were transferred by the Kuomintang to the Beiping Army Prison. On November 24, Generals Ren Yingqi and Ji Hongchang were simultaneously shot and killed by the Kuomintang at the age of 42 on charges of "disturbing public order, joining the Communist Party, and endangering the Republic of China."

Vi. The victorious outcome of the Jute Uprising

After the jute uprising's Edong Army arrived at Huangpi Mulan Mountain, it was reorganized into the 7th Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and in April 1928, all of them returned to the old jute area and opened up the Base Area of Chaishan Fort. On November 7, 1931, the Fourth Front Of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was established in Qiliping, Huang'an. The jute uprising ended in victory!

VII. Appendix

(The author of this article investigates the sacrifice of six martyrs, including Cai Jihuang, who was killed by the 12th Military Instructor Wen Qinglinbu)

Cai Jihuang, born in 1905, is a native of The Cai family of Fuzihe, Macheng, Hubei Province, and the first secretary of the macheng county party committee of the Communist Party of China. He was killed while the Wenqinglin Sect teacher was suppressing the jute uprising. The author of this article investigated the situation of Tsai Ji huang and 6 other martyrs and the fate of the murderers by looking up information to view the genealogy, interviewing insiders and on-site field searches, etc., for the reference of historians who study the jute uprising.

On the morning of November 10, 2018, on the eve of the 91st anniversary of the "Jute Uprising", I went to visit and interview the old Red Army from Xizhangdian to show his cooperation, and wanted to interview and investigate the situation of Wang Yongmo (also known as Wang Yongmou), chairman of the Xizhangdian Township Peasants' Association during the Great Revolution.

The old Red Army came to Xianhe, born in 1914 in Xizhangdian Duanjia Chong Embankment, Macheng, was already 104 years old, in good health, some of the backs of the ears, eyes are not flowering, because he was a Red Guard and county plainclothes member before joining the Red Army in 1935, and he went to join the Red Army after witnessing the sacrifice of his uncle and sister, so he has a clear record of the events during the Xizhangdian Revolution, the interviews I wrote, the list of personnel, he held and read it himself, and his speech spirit was very good.

Question: Do you know about the martyr Wang Yongmo, chairman of the Peasants' Association during the Xizhangdian Township Revolution?

He remembered very clearly, saying: Wang Yongmo is the village behind the xizhangdian street (note: wang family courtyard), is a medicine shop, to see people, after the jute uprising in 1927 was killed by the Kuomintang army, was killed on the river beach in front of the xizhangdian street, that time killed a total of six, caught in Xizhangdian three killed, and three were chased to the embankment Lindian that was caught and killed, and there was a man named Cai Jihuang in the Lindian that killed.

After research, the Wenqing Forest Department pursued all the way to Qiliping on December 8, and after burning and looting in Qiliping, attacked The West Zhangdian of The Shunhe River in Macheng. Wang Yongmou, chairman of the Xizhangdian Township Farmers' Association, and Zhang Dinglang, another leader of the Agricultural Association, and Wang Zhenggui, commander of the Self-Defense Army, were arrested at a meeting at sulin embankment in Xizhangdian when they were informed by people who called them "crooked stomachs" (that is, bad stomachs). On January 3, 1928 (the eleventh day of the 11th lunar month in 1927), he was shot and killed by the Wenqing Forest Department on the river beach of XizhangdianXia Street. On the night of January 4, 1928, when Cai Jihuang, Liu Wenwei, Deng Tiantian, and three others rushed to a meeting at the Lindian River Cave Gate, they were attacked by Zhou Langshan, the leader of the reactionary militia, because of the bad guys' whistleblowing, and they were unfortunately arrested. On January 7, 1928 (the sixteenth day of the 16th lunar month in 1927), he was killed by the Wenqing Forest Department on the Lindian River beach. Some scholars believe that Zhou Langshan, the chief of the militia group, killed Cai Jihuang and the other three martyrs, and the author believes through research that it should not be Zhou Langshan, the leader of the militia, but the Kuomintang Wenqing Forest Department. Zhou Langshan just asked for merit and reward for this.

The names of the six martyrs killed by the Wenqinglin Department of the Kuomintang Army were: Cai Jihuang, secretary of the Macheng County CPC Committee (born in 1905, aged 23 at the time), Liu Wenwei, member of the MAcheng County CPC Committee and representative of the Second Road Party of the Edong Army in the Jute Uprising (born in 1906, at the age of 22), Deng Tiantian, member of the MAcheng County CPC Committee (born in 1905, at the age of 23), and Wang Yongmou, chairman of the Xizhangdian Township Farmers' Association in Macheng County (born in 1898 on the revolutionary martyr's certificate). His wife, Zhu Jinhua, said that Wang Yongmo was 33 years old when he died in 1928, that is, he was born in 1895), Zhang Dinglang, vice chairman of the Xizhangdian Township Agricultural Cooperative (born in 1896, at the age of 32), and Wang Zhenggui, captain of the Xizhangdian Township Peasant Self-Defense Army (born in 1898, at the age of 30) (see "Cai Jihuang Martyr's Time New Examination", "Dabie Mountain Literature", No. 1, 2019).

Investigation into the fate of the murderers of 6 martyrs, including Cai Jihuang:

Wen Qinglin, instructor of the Kuomintang 12th Army, as mentioned above: On March 4, 1929, he was killed by the military commander Ren Yingqi.

Xizhangdian Lilin Embankment informant: Wang Dakun, known as the kidnapper (bad belly), rogue proletarian, ominous birthday. On April 30, 2019, Wang Jiafeng, the son of Zhang Yaohua, a female Red Army woman of the Lilin Embankment in Xizhangdian, was invited to Lilin embankment to sit with Wang Darong, a cadre of the former Xizhangdian Second Brigade, and Wang Jiaquan, the son of Qiu Shaolian of the Female Red Army, and visited the old house of Lilin Embankment to inspect the scene, and when they sat down to talk, they all said that "turning the stomach" was a person from the period of the Great Revolution, and the situation of this person and his family was unknown, but the story of "turning the stomach" was heard a lot, highlighting a "abduction" word (the meaning of "bad" in Macheng dialect). Say: The father died early, the family was poor, when the mother died, to the Xizhangdian Street Hu surnamed Hu (nickname: county magistrate, is a shaving head, also known as: Hu shaved head) borrowed a coffin for the mother to bury, after three years, the Hu surname family met him, just like him, he turned over the Fallen Cloth Mountain at night, went to an east embankment to steal a coffin to carry back, put it at the door of the Hu surnamed Hu's family, after dawn to tell the Hu surname family, said: "The coffin is back to you"! It can be seen how strong it is and how horizontal the person is. There are many stories, telling fatal ones, saying: At that time, there were often bandits, and once, the bandit leader sent people to lilin embankment to distribute money, saying that the money was paid, they did not come, the villagers put the money together, turned their stomachs and said that he sent it to the bandits, as a result, he ran away with the money roll, the villagers hated it to the bone, could not, knew that the bandits were coming, had to run out and hide. After the Lilin embankment turned over the past is the boundary of Huang'an County, there is a black boss, selling salt, the result was also blackened by the stomach, the black boss sent people to the chestnut forest embankment to find the stomach and did not find it, they gave the villagers a message, if they do not hand over the stomach, they will come to the villagers to "settle the account". One day, when the kidnapper returned, the villagers rushed up, knocked him to the ground and tied him up with a ladder (the crutch stomach was strong, generally could not be tied, and the ladder was tied and could not move, which was easy to carry away), and carried him to the Huangjiayuan Township Branch (Soviet) of the inch waist stone to deal with it. The township said: This matter has not grasped the current situation, and they cannot handle the past things, or you should handle it yourself! The villagers couldn't help it, so they carried him back. There was a pond at the mouth of the village, and the villagers were not angry, and when they did not come out of the air, they threw him into the pond. He cursed and jumped in the water, drowning enough, saying that you have stoned me to death. The villagers picked up the stones and smashed them, and he was even more uncomfortable, knowing that he had done many evil deeds, and the villagers could not spare him, so they said: Don't smash it, go and ask my two uncles to personally smash me to death. His two uncles came, picked up a large horse bone stone (a kind of hard stone fluorite), and slammed it on his head, and the brain plasma was smashed out, and he died in the pond. Wang Darong said that the pond was the pond on the edge of his family's vegetable field. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the countryside was divided into land, and the pond was distributed to his family. On May 4, 2019, Wang Jiafeng was invited to visit Wang Jiaren, the eldest currently elder in Lilin Embankment, he said: The belly is called Wang Dakun, and his two uncles, one of whom is called Wang Zhengzhi, remember that it was the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928). According to the data, the Inches Stone Township Soviet was established in April 1929, which should have been after April 1929. My family has a set of Wang clan genealogy, and the genealogy is known: Dakun and Zhenzhi have no descendants.

Zhou Langshan, the general manager of the Lindian militia, and the former Zhoujialou of Chenjiahe Village, Lindian Township, had an ominous birthday. On January 23, 2020, I went to the Macheng City Party History Office and the Macheng City Archives to look for materials, and Comrade Jiang Peiyou of the Party History Office said: Archival materials generally contain positive and important and influential character information, and negative characters generally do not receive much, unless they are not ordinary characters. The comrades of the archives also consulted the information of the archives directory from the computer, and indeed did not find the information on Zhou Langshan's fate. Comrade Jiang Peiyou of the Party History Office gave me a copy of "Memorabilia of Macheng in the Fifty Years since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" and asked me to go back and check it out to see if I could find a clue. At present, Lindian Village and Chenjiahe Village are under the jurisdiction of Shunhe Town, and on January 30, 2020, Comrade Li Jinshan, a member of the Propaganda Committee of the Party Committee of Shunhe Town, was asked to assist in investigating the situation and fate of Zhou Langshan, and Comrade Li Jinshan learned through contact with Chen Jianxin, secretary of the party branch of Lindian Village, that Zhou Langshan was suppressed by the people's government during liberation and had no descendants. Other situations are ominous. On April 21, 2020, Cheng Xinhua, the grandson of revolutionary martyr Wang Yongmou, was asked to assist in the investigation of Zhou Langshan's final outcome and family situation. Cheng Xinhua, who lives in Nangang Pontoon River, 8 kilometers away from Lindian Village, asked an elderly man in Nangang surnamed Zhou Tandian, who said: Zhou Langshan is a Zhoujialou person in Lindian Chenjiahe Village, who was suppressed during liberation and now has no family. Consulting the "Memorabilia of Macheng in the Fifty Years of the Founding of the People's Republic of China" compiled by the Macheng Party History Office and the Local History Office in 1999, it is learned that on March 1, 1949, the People's Democratic Government of Macheng County was established in Yanjiahe. On April 1, the People's Democratic Government of Macheng County and the 11th Regiment of the Eyu Military Region jointly issued a notice that "completely eliminate the bandits, disarm the local arming of the Jiang bandits, and exhort the bandits to surrender." By 1950, the bandits in the whole territory of Macheng had been completely eliminated, a total of 241 bandits had been captured, 406 pseudo-military and political personnel had been captured, 1,006 pseudo-military and political personnel had been accepted and demoted, and the above enemy and pseudo-personnel had been dealt with, of which 535 were shot and 221 were sentenced for reform. Among the 535 people who were shot was Zhou Langshan, the general of the Lindian militia.

At this point, the murderer who suppressed the jute uprising and his initial investigation was finished, and he took a long breath and his mood was much relieved.

This year marks the 93rd anniversary of the Jute Uprising, and I would like to pay tribute to the martyrs who died heroically in the Jute Uprising!

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