The earliest written record of porridge in China is found in the Book of Zhou: the Yellow Emperor first cooked the valley as porridge. The Zhou Li records that the six foods of Zhou Tianzi, who were in charge of the court food officials, included porridge. Semi-liquid porridge water can not only fill the hunger and stomach, but also can withstand the cold and healthy body. Especially in the north, it is one of the popular foods in winter. Generations of literati and poets not only eat porridge, but also porridge, leaving many allusions to the effects of porridge in prolonging life, dispelling diseases and healing diseases.
The high-life lu you will eat porridge to the height of longevity. He wrote in the poem "Porridge Eating": The people of the world have studied for many years, and they do not know that the long years are in front of them. I have to be as easy as a hill, and only eat porridge to the gods. There is a small preface before the poem: "Zhang Wenqian has porridge and says that porridge can be prolonged for a long time and be loved." ”
As an encyclopedia, "Dream of the Red Chamber" naturally does not lack the description of porridge. Jia Fu's porridge recipe is also a grand view, and all kinds of "double bow rice" and celebrities are not to mention much.
As the home of Zhong Mingding's food, Jia Fu has long been out of the level of pursuing food and clothing, and for porridge, it is more important to emphasize its medicinal and food homology. Just like the fourteenth time: Sister Feng was very proud when she saw herself threatening to do it. Because of seeing You's illness, Jia Zhen was too sad to eat much, and he fried all kinds of fine porridge and exquisite small dishes from that house every day, and ordered someone to send jia Zhen to persuade him to eat.
There are many such porridges mentioned in the book, and they are only used as a food for the stomach, and are not described too much. And the porridge with a name and a surname that appears in the book cannot be seen at a glance as a reader.
The eighth time: made sour bamboo shoot chicken skin soup, Bao Yu drank a few bowls of pain, and ate half a bowl of Dobi Japonica porridge. Fourteenth time: That Feng Jie knew that there were many customers today, and Yin Zheng got up to freshen up. And packed up, changed clothes, and drank a few mouthfuls of milk sugar japonica rice porridge. Forty-second time: Grandma Liu rushed Ping'er to the house over there, only to see Ping'er, who was piled up with half kang things, and looked at him one by one, saying: "... Nowadays, this one is filled with two buckets of Oda japonica rice, and boiling porridge is rare. ”
All three times mentioned are japonica rice. The Qing Dynasty literary scholar Xie Yong's "Miscellaneous Songs of Food and Taste" said that "what is planted near Beijing is collectively called Jingmi, and those who produce it in Yutian County are good." The grains are slender, with a slight green color, and fragrant when cooking. "Because it has a slight green color, the soup color is pure blue after boiling, so it is called japonica rice."
In the Qing Dynasty, a large number of doctors and scribes believed that eating porridge had the effect of health maintenance, and the Qing Dynasty physician Huang Gongxiu elaborated on the therapeutic effect of japonica rice in "Seeking Truth in Materia Medica": "Although this is a common food, and the participation in medicine is very powerful, it can not be ignored as a general norm." ”
Wang Shixiong, another health expert in the Qing Dynasty, called porridge "the world's first tonic" in the "Diet Recipe for Living with Rest". Qing Dynasty literary scholar Cao Tingdong's "Health Care Essay" said: "Every day on an empty stomach, eating light porridge and a ou can push the old to the new, and the stomach is fast, and the benefits are not fine." He said: "Even if you eat porridge in the day, you will not count the meals, and if you are hungry, you will be able to eat, and you can also be strong and enjoy a great life." ”
Therefore, Cao Xueqin in the same period should also be eaten in this way when she was young. With the luxury of Jia Province, the japonica rice eaten by Jia Fu must be of the highest quality, and it must be the precious Oda Japonica rice - Bi Japonica Rice, but it is also too luxurious to give away such precious japonica rice.
The nineteenth time, Bao Yu said again, "There was originally a group of rat essences in the Forest Cave. In that year, the seventh old rat of the first month of the year ascended to the throne and said, "Ming'er is Lapa Ba'er, and everyone in the world boils Lapa Eight Porridge...".
The origin and specific methods of Laba porridge do not need to be asked in detail, and modern times have become a food that is often eaten. But in fact, Laba porridge is a medicinal porridge. The theory of medicinal porridge is based on the theory of internal organ qi and blood in Chinese medicine that "the spleen and stomach are the foundation of the day after tomorrow" and the rule of correcting and dispelling evil spirits. In the ancient texts of traditional Chinese medicine, there are recorded porridge recipes, such as Sun Simiao's "Qianjin Yifang" and Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica".
There are many similar medicinal porridges in "Dream of the Red Chamber". For example, on the fifty-fourth time, when the soup was served, Jia Mu said: "The night is long, I don't feel a little hungry." Sister Feng hurriedly replied, "There is a prepared duck porridge." Jia Mu said, "I'll eat some light food." Sister Feng said busily: "There are also japonica rice porridge boiled by jujubes, which are prepared for the wives to eat." ”
Duck porridge is recorded in the Tang Dynasty doctor Zan Yin's "Food Medicine Heart Book" and the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" and other books, this porridge is made of duck gravy and japonica rice, with the effect of nourishing the yin and nourishing the stomach, water and swelling. It is suitable for symptoms such as physical weakness, edema and weakness after illness. The jujube porridge was first seen in the Song Dynasty's "General Record of Saint Ji", which has the effect of tonifying the spleen and stomach, benefiting qi and vitality, nourishing the heart and calming the spirit.
The two porridges of the Lantern Festival Night Feast were naturally prepared by Feng Jie, the "Great Inner Manager" of Jia Province, and could not be described as thoughtful. And Jia Mushe meat porridge vegetarian porridge, so that the diet is moderate, since the old lady of Shi has a skill in health.
"Dream of the Red Chamber" also mentions a kind of medicinal porridge, "bird's nest porridge". Forty-fifth time, Bao Chao said, "Yesterday I saw your prescription, ginseng cinnamon felt too much." Although it is good for qi, it should not be too hot. According to me: First of all, it is necessary to flatten the liver and nourish the stomach. Liver fire is flat, can not conquer the soil, stomach qi is disease-free, diet can raise people. Get up early every day, take one or two of the best bird's nest, five dollars of rock sugar, and use silver hammers to boil out the porridge, to eat habitually, stronger than medicine, the most nourishing yin and qi. "Daiyu disease, low-grade fever, night sweats, coughing up blood, coughing up phlegm, bird's nest porridge nourishes the yin and nourishes the stomach, and dietary remedies are combined in a porridge, which is naturally conducive to the rehabilitation of Daiyu's disease."
And the eighty-seventh time, Zi Juan said, "I still boiled a little rice porridge." Dai Yu nodded and said, "That porridge has to be boiled by the two of you, you don't need to boil it in the kitchen." "This river rice is the most common kind of glutinous rice, and Jia Fu will not let a Miss Qianjin eat the food that people eat no matter how bad it is."
And jiang rice porridge is not suitable for everyone to eat in the eyes of doctors. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that it is "sticky and difficult to become sticky, and it is most taboo for children, patients, and patients." Chinese medicine says that people with hot and humid phlegm are afraid to eat; those with fever, cough, yellow sputum, jaundice, and bloating should not eat. It can be seen that Daiyu is not suitable for eating rice porridge. It can be clearly seen that the eighty-seventh response is not the handwriting of Cao Gong, who is proficient in medical science, and the person who continues to write not only has an incomparable vision situation to Cao Gong, but also in terms of medical skills, the difference between heaven and earth is concerned.
Of course, in the whole "Dream of the Red Chamber", as far as rice is concerned, the most worthy of the big book is naturally Mita Rouge Rice.
On the seventy-fifth time, Jia Muyin asked, "Just take some porridge and eat it." "You Shi had already held a bowl and said it was red rice porridge. Jia Mu took half a bowl and ordered, "Give this porridge to Sister Feng to eat." ”
In the "Records of Ji Yang Zhai Cong" written by Wu Zhendi, a Qing Dynasty scholar, it is recorded that Yongzheng once gave this rice to Tian Wenjing, the governor of Hedong, because of his initial recovery from a serious illness, he used imperial rice to cook porridge to help the sick body increase his strength. This shows the preciousness of this rice.
Jia Mu let Feng Jie eat red rice porridge, which is also the intention of eating therapy and replenishing qi. Because The first night Feng Jie led people to inspect the Grand View Garden, she was overworked, and the blood did not stop at night, and the disease of collapse recurred. Eating red rice porridge can strengthen the spleen and replenish deficiency, nourish the blood, and benefit recovery.
Red rice is Mita rouge rice. How precious this rice is, it can be seen from Kangxi's "Imperial Anthology": "Fengze Garden has several paddy fields, buyuyu field grain seeds, and Liu Yu appears in September. One day, the cycle is strange, when the side is late June, the grain seed is in abundance. Suddenly, I saw a tree, tall above the rice, but it was already strong, because it was harvested, and it was tested early in the next year to see whether it would ripen. In June of the next year, this fruit ripened first, and since then it has been born endlessly, and for more than forty years, the internal food has been fed into this rice. Its rice is slightly long, fragrant and flavorful, and it is born from the Imperial Garden, so it is called 'Imperial Rice'... It was once planted in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to supervise weaving, so that the folk planted it, and it is said that this rice is available in both provinces. At the time of every meal, I would like to share this happy valley with the people of the world. ”
In the fifty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Kangxi gave a stone of rice seeds to Li Xu, a weaver in Suzhou, and ordered him to sow seeds in Suzhou. Jiang Ning weaved Cao Fu and asked Li Xu for a bucket to plant in Nanjing.
Cao Fu wrote in his letter to Kangxi: "Long live the gift of rice seeds, the slave to his maternal uncle Li Xu to get a bucket of rice seeds, the slave first used the seed six liters, planting another acre of land, planting seedlings in April, harvesting in mid-July, getting four stones and two buckets, because of fear of the new rice harvest is late, not enough to plant, so leave the original seed four liters, in June to lay seedlings, after the first season is harvested, its field is immediately ploughed, replanted in the second season of seedlings, and can be harvested in about ten months." When the farmers of Jiangning saw that the rice seeds were harvested twice a year, they were overjoyed and enthusiastic and asked for seeds. ”
Therefore, in the fifty-third time, Jia Zhen said, "This old beheading has only come today." With that, Jia Rong took over the notes and accounts... As he busied himself with the list, he saw that it read: "Thirty deer, fifty roe deer... Oda rouge rice two stones, bi glutinous fifty hu, white glutinous fifty hu, pink japonica fifty hu, variegated sorghum valley 50 hu, under the use of regular rice 1,000 stones, a cart of various colors of dried vegetables, takeaway sorghum grain, livestock silver a total of 2,500 taels of silver. ”
It is not surprising that the Zhuangtou Wujin Xiao of Jia Province went to Ningguo Mansion to rent, and it is not surprising that there is Yutian Rouge Rice, which Cao Gong has seen since he was a child. However, the rent of 2,500 taels of silver, only two stones of Mita rouge rice, shows the preciousness of this rice.
The food culture in "Dream of the Red Chamber" is rich and colorful, and a variety of cuisines are dazzling. Porridge, although the taste is weak, but the effect is quite good, but also an indispensable meal for the exquisite life of Jia Fu.
Author: A small knife, this article is to read less of the original works of the Red Chamber. Welcome to my headline number: Read less about the Red Chamber and tell you a different story of famous books.