This year is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, on February 20, the Party Central Committee held a mobilization meeting for the study and education of party history, and General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech pointing out that the centenary of our party is a hundred years of dedication to practicing the original mission, a hundred years of laying the foundation of the yanlu blue wisp, and a hundred years of creating brilliant and opening up the future. Looking back at the road of struggle in the past and the road of endeavor ahead, we must study and sum up the party's history well, and do a good job in inheriting and carrying forward the party's successful experience.
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On April 18, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek formed the National Government in Nanjing and immediately issued the "First Wanted Notice", which listed Chen Duxiu, Tan Pingshan, Yun Daiying, Mao Zedong and other Communists, as well as 193 leftists of the Kuomintang.
Why did Chiang Kai-shek, as soon as the National Government in Nanjing was founded, eagerly want mao zedong and other communists? What really happened in the spring of 1927?
In 1924, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party came together in the great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution.
In July 1926, Chiang Kai-shek was appointed commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army and led the army to take the Northern Expedition.
As China's number one political upstart, Chiang Kai-shek was featured on the cover of Time Magazine for the first time, titled: The Conqueror of Shanghai.
At this time, the imperialist powers have realized the inevitable collapse of the Beiyang warlords and are actively looking for new agents. They hit it off with Chiang Kai-shek.
On March 26, Chiang Kai-shek rushed from Nanchang to Shanghai by warship and immediately held a series of secret talks with the imperialist powers, the Chaebols of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the rogue forces.
In early April, Chiang Kai-shek gathered together with Kuomintang generals Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi to hold a secret meeting and decided to use violent means to "clean up the party" and launch a surprise attack on the Chinese Communist Party.
On the night of April 11, 1927, at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek, Du Yuesheng, the leader of the Qing Gang, trapped Wang Shouhua, then chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, and brutally killed him. Wang Shouhua, only 26 years old, was the first communist to die in the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup.
On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek signed a secret decree in Nanjing: "All the provinces that have been rehabilitated should unanimously carry out the qing of the party" and began to hunt down and massacre communists and revolutionary masses on a large scale. In just three days from April 12 to 15, more than 300 Shanghai workers were killed, more than 500 arrested and more than 5,000 missing.
Before and after the counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, massacres of Communists and revolutionary volunteers also occurred in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, and Guangdong provinces in the name of "Qing Dang."
On May 21, the "Ma-Ri Incident" occurred in Changsha, in which Xu Kexiang, a reactionary Officer of the Kuomintang, hunted down and killed more than 100 Communists and revolutionary masses.
On July 15, Wang Jingwei, head of the Nationalist government in Wuhan, also openly betrayed the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation policy and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal program, and raised a bloody butcher's knife to the Communists and the revolutionary masses.
In the north, the Warlord Zhang Zuolin hunted down and killed a large number of Communists and revolutionary masses. On April 28, Li Dazhao, one of the main founders and leaders of the Communist Party of China, bravely inaugurated his righteousness in Beijing.
The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China broke down in an all-round way, the Great Revolution was declared defeated, the whole country was shrouded in white terror, and the Communist Party of China, which had just been founded for six years, had "its life hanging in the balance"!
According to incomplete statistics from the Six Congresses of the Communist Party of China, from March 1927 to the first half of 1928, more than 310,000 Communists and revolutionary masses were killed, of whom more than 26,000 were Communists. Xiao Chunu, Xiong Xiong, Chen Yannian, Zhao Shiyan, Xia Minghan, Guo Liang, Luo Yinong, Xiang Jianyu, Chen Qiaonian and other well-known party activists died heroically. The number of CCP members has plummeted from nearly 60,000 at the height of the Revolution to more than 10,000.
On December 1, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling, who were proud of the spring breeze, held a grand wedding in Shanghai. Stepping on the blood of the Communists, Chiang Kai-shek ascended to the pinnacle of power.
More than two months later, there was also a special wedding at the Honghuagang Execution Ground in Guangzhou. The newcomers were a pair of Communist Party members Zhou Wenyong and Chen Tiejun. They chanted, "Let the gunshots of the reactionaries be used as a salute for our marriage!" "Generosity is righteousness.
In April 1945, Mao Zedong recalled the experience in his report to the Seventh National Congress: "The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people were not intimidated, conquered, and killed. They got up from the ground, wiped the blood off their bodies, buried the bodies of their companions, and they went on fighting. ”
Although the Great Revolution failed, its historical significance is indelible. Thus, the Communist Party of China began to explore the way of sinification of Marxism in practice, initially put forward the basic idea of the proletariat leading the new-democratic revolution, and began to understand the importance of carrying out the agrarian revolution and mastering the revolutionary arming. (Source: People's Daily Editor: Xie Changmei)