Bo Qinhuai
Don Du Mu
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night berth QinHuai near the restaurant.
The merchant girl did not know the hatred of the country, and sang the backyard flowers across the river.
This seven-piece poem, mingren Hu Yinglin regarded it as a work of "pressing volumes" of Tang poetry ("Shi Xue"), and Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty pushed it as "absolute singing" of "Tang Poetry Collection". While describing the night on the water, the whole poem reveals a deep sigh, which is indeed a masterpiece of popularity.
"Smoke Cage Cold Water Moon Cage Sand" at the beginning depicts an extremely light waterside night: the cold river surface in late autumn is filled with a thin layer of smoke, and the clear light of the bright moon reflects a blurred color on the sand bank. The two "cage" characters harmoniously integrate smoke, moon, water and sand, making people have a hazy and confused and beautiful sense of beauty to the moonlight on the water. Although this sentence expresses the poet's lonely mood, because the atmosphere he created is both poignant and cold and soft and quiet, it does not make people feel too heavy like smoke and moonlight. The confused scenery and the faint melancholy have achieved a harmonious unity.
"Night Berth Qinhuai Near the Restaurant" not only points out the time, place, and characters, but also takes care of the poem's title, and thus quotes the next two poems. There are two points worth noting here: First, the location of Qinhuai. Most of the commentaries say that it is the Qinhuai River in Nanjing City, this section of the Qinhuai River, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, restaurant brothels, cruise ships and painting boats, lined up one after another, is a paper sense of gold fans of the world of flowers and flowers. However, Du Mu's so-called "Night Berth Qinhuai" is not here. The Qinhuai River of the Tang Dynasty, from east to west, runs through the city of Nanjing, and flows into the Yangtze River in two streams, with a small island called "Bailuzhou" in the middle. The mouth of the Qinhuai River is the wharf of the Yangtze River, the restaurant song hall, the city hotel, and the innumerable. The scenery written in the first sentence of the poem is the scenery of the riverbank seen at the dock of the Qinhuai River, not just the scenery of the Qinhuai River. The second is the word "near" in the sentence, which is an important foreign text in the Tang Dynasty Wei Zhuang's "You Xuan Ji" as "sending". I think it is more appropriate to make the word "send", Du Mu is not a boatman, so when mooring in Nanjing, when you will not eat and sleep in the boat, you must be living in a restaurant at night (equivalent to the current hotel), "Smoke Cage Cold Water Moon Cage Sand" is also the scene seen under the high ling on the waterside restaurant. At the same time, being a "sender" also highlights the activities of the characters themselves.
"The merchant girl does not know the hatred of the country, and sings the backyard flowers across the river." These two sentences are intended to satirize the singer. They didn't know the sorrow of the subjugation of the country, and across the river, they actually sang "Yushu Backyard Flower"! The poet lives on top of the restaurant, and when he hears this ominous song, he can't help but feel empty, sad and sad, and he feels even more disgusted by this melancholy sound, and then expresses his complaints about the singer. This is completely different from the mood expressed in Liu Yuxi's "Jinling Huaigu" poem "A song in the back garden, and the resentment is unbearable". Liu Shizhong is lamenting the rise and fall of history, and Du Shi is writing about the feeling of the restaurant hearing the song in the night. Mr. Chen Yinke explained this poem in the "Yuanbai Poetry Notes": "The so-called 'across the river' in this poem of Muzhi refers to jinling and Yangzhou. This merchant girl was immediately the song girl of Yangzhou and the merchant of Qinhuai. Fu Jinling, Chen Zhiguo capital also. "Yushu Backyard Flower", the voice of the lord of Chen Hou's subjugation of the country. This singer from Yangzhou in the north of Jiangsu, does not understand the hatred of Chen's death, and in the land of her ancestral capital in the south of the Jiangsu Province, she still sings the sound of jingjing, and the shepherd hears her singing, because of the ear of the chant. This poem must be interpreted as such, so that it can be found. "This is a rather appropriate statement.
So let's discuss the main thrust of the poem. Wu Changqi's "Deleting Tang Poetry Interpretation" said: "This seems to be a satirical song. It is basically consistent with the statement quoted above by Mr. Chen Yinke. In the late Tang Dynasty, poetry and composition were flowing in Qi, and Du Mu vigorously criticized this. He once borrowed Li Jie's mouth in the "Epitaph of Li Fujun of Longxi, Inspector of the Tang Dynasty Pinglu Army Festival": "Since the taste of pain, there have been Yuan Bai poets, who are delicate and unscrupulous, who are not Zhuang Shiya, and most of them have been destroyed by it. Flowing in the folk, neglecting the screen wall, father and daughter mother, oral professors, obscene butterfly language, winter cold and summer heat, into the human muscles and bones, can not be removed. "Then, of course, I hate such a beautiful sound as "Yushu Backyard Flower". However, Du Mushi also has a lot of beautiful works, which shows that the atmosphere of lightness and thinness at that time was not easy to change, and now many researchers have the words "subjugated the country and hate" in the poem, so they think that it is a nostalgic work, and they think that it is lost.