Malacca, an exotic place name that evokes Chinese historical memory. In the first half of the 15th century, during Zheng He's voyage to the West, this was the most important supply base for the Ming Dynasty's huge fleet to break through the ocean gap and open up the most important supply base for voyages to West Asia and East Africa.
In 1644, li Zicheng attacked Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor was hanged from a tree on a coal mountain, and finally Chinese New Year's Eve five years old. The Ming Dynasty's widows supported Zhu Yousong's ascension to the throne, opening the Southern Ming Dynasty. 国乱纷纷之际，很多南明人离开故土，在海外寻找新的栖身之地。
Formal relations between China and Malacca (Manlaga) began in the first year of Yongle (1403). According to the History of Ming, in the first year of Yongle (1403), Ming Chengzu sent Yin Qing to visit Manchuria, thus beginning tributary trade relations between the two countries and opening the history of Chinese migration to Nanyang. Malacca's close ties with China lasted until 1435, when Malacca was a transit base for Zheng He's fleet to the West. According to Ma Huan's Yingya Shengyan ( Yingya Shengguan ) , Zheng He 's fleet established an exclusive camp and a warehouse for hoarding goods and grain in Malacca. Its location is said to still be found today, which is The Samho Mountain, located southwest of Malacca City.
永乐九年至宣德八年（1411-1433）间，满剌加王国的使臣来华朝贡达15次之多，其中国王更5次亲自前来中国。 The largest one was in 1411, when Baili Misula personally led more than 540 of his wife and companions to Nanjing to meet Ming Chengzu Zhu Di. Zheng He went to the West seven times, at least 5 times docked in Malacca, and there are also views that Zheng He passed through Malacca 7 times, and he relied on Manrakga as a transit station and set up a warehouse in Manraka.
Sam Po Shan is actually two continuous low hills with a total area of about 25 hectares, which is the earliest surviving Chinese cemetery in Malaysia. Among the 12,000 ancient tombs scattered on the mountain, many of them are ming dynasty monuments. This historic grave hill was almost leveled by government expropriation in the 1980s, but was preserved by the struggle of the Malacca Chinese community, and is now a place where local residents practice morning and evening walks.
Three Treasures Temple
At the foot of Sanbao Mountain, there is a Baoshan Pavilion dedicated to the Sanbao eunuch Zheng He, which the locals simply call sanbao temple. Inside the temple, there are also two Sanbao wells that are said to have been dug by the soldiers of Zheng He's fleet. There is another theory of the origin of this ancient well: according to legend, during the reign of The Malacca Sultan Mangsuosa, the Ming Emperor once married a princess to the Sultan, and the Sultan settled the princess and 500 maids accompanying him on The Samho Mountain, and this well was dug by the Sultan and the princess.
The Chinese temple Qingyun Pavilion with a history of more than 500 years
Nanming's new home
The Dutch established colonies across Southeast Asia in the 17th century, occupied Jakarta in 1619, and ruled Taiwan in 1624. In 1641, the Dutch army defeated Portugal and became the ruler of Malacca. It was a fierce war, when the plague was rampant and the inhabitants fled in the midst of the fighting. Calm returned to Malacca after the war. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Malacca became one of the refuges of the remnants of the Southern Ming Dynasty.
Zheng Fangyang and Li Weijing were representatives of their reluctance to accept Qing rule. In 1644, facing the dilemma of destroying the country and destroying his family, he eventually had to take refuge in Malacca.
Li Weijing (1614-1688) Junchang, a native of Jiahe, Xiamen, traveled south in 1644 because of the vicissitudes of the Ming Dynasty. Scholars speculate that the early male immigrants were all single from the south, they intermarried with Malay women, and their descendants were all mixed-race children, from Zhang Liqian, Ba Su to Yan Qinghuang, there was such a concept, which is actually incorrect. Recently, Ruan Yongjun used the "Xiamen Guangyutang Li Clan Genealogy" as a basis, pointing out that Li Weijing brought Nanming's wife Xu Xiniang to Malacca, along with his brother Li Weiji and cousin Li Miansheng. In the turbulent times, the Southern Ming people did not cross the sea for business, but family-style immigrants who took refuge with their families.
Portrait of Li Weijing dressed in Ming Dynasty costumes
Zheng Fangyang (1632-1677) Zhangzhou Longxi people, the main plaque engraved daming Jia Bi Dan Xiankao Fangyang Zhengfu king god lord. According to the records in the main tablet of his father "Zhenshu Zhenggong", Zheng Zhenshu was born in Wanli Bingshu (1586) and died in Longwu Pengzi (1648), and was buried in Sanbaoshan. In 1645, Zheng Zhilong supported the Tang emperor Zhu Yujian as emperor in Fuzhou, with the era name Longwu, and the following year he was captured and killed in Tingzhou. At that time, several descendants of the Ming Dynasty successively claimed the title of emperor, and at the same time, a number of era names appeared, and Zheng Zhenshu was overseas, and could only continue to use this era name that had disappeared.
Sanbao Mountain is full of Chinese cemeteries since the Ming Dynasty, and is the largest group of Chinese tombs overseas
青云亭是马六甲最古老的华人庙宇，《敬修青云亭序牌》提及：
Zheng Li Ergong traveled south, hanging in Yusi. Virtue is respected and respected, admired by the world, and promoted by the superior to be a shepherd. This pavilion was built in the year of the Dragon Flying Ugly.
Zhang Lian, the founding monarch of the "Flying Dragon" state. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Rao Pingren, a Han Chinese, was born in an ominous year and died in 1563. During the Reign of Ming Jiajing (1522-1566), dissatisfied with the corruption of the imperial government, he killed the patriarch and defected to the rebels of Zheng Ba and Xiao Wan, Tai Po. After Zheng Ba's death, he was pushed to be the leader. Later, due to the failure of the uprising, he led the rest of the army to the sea from the Yunxiao River, united with the maritime armed forces, and continued to fight against the Ming government. Later, he went south, seized Srivijaya Island (present-day Sumatra), established himself as king, occupied the old port, Johor, Malacca and other places, reclaimed it for fishing, called Fanfangchang, Zhangzhou people and Quanzhou people and overseas Chinese immigrants all depended on him.
According to historical records, an ancient stele was found on the island of Sumatra, which recorded the year number of the Flying Dragon, which is the certificate of the Flying Dragon Kingdom established by Zhang Lian in that year. Liang Qichao described Zhang Lian in his "Eight Great Men of Chinese Colonization" as one of the Eight Great Men of Chinese ColonialIzation.
Later, these people took root here and continued to multiply, and to this day a large number of Chinese still live on the Chinese island of Sumatra. The Ming Shi San Fo Qi also records: "There are thousands of Min Cantonese people living in the Three Buddhas Qi for a long time, and may be descendants of Zhang Lian's subordinates." ”
The Chinese in Malacca
The population of Malacca rose and fell between 1675 and 1688, ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 people, with chinese fluctuating between 160 and 426 people, and the data showed that women were equally mobile. In 1678 there were 426 Chinese, 127 men, 140 women and 159 children. Li Weijing and his wife also spread their branches and had sons Zheng kun and Zheng Trench (1662-1708) and daughters Ruijin and Chengjin. Li Chengjin (1661-1725) married Zeng Qilu (1643-1718), whose ancestral home was Lujiang (Xiamen), and who claimed to be a refuge in xiamen or came south because of the fall of Xiamen, and his son Zeng Yingkui succeeded him as Kabitan until 1725.
After Shi Lang regained Taiwan in 1683, Kangxi lifted the sea ban for a time, and for more than 100 years, the policy of going to sea was repeatedly implemented between allowing and prohibiting, or lenient or strict. During this period, some shipping merchants settled in Malacca, and combined with tombstones, genealogies and biographies, they began to become frequent in the mid-18th century.
Chinese Guild Hall in Malacca
马六甲华人人口不多，华族甚少和土著通婚，这造成家族之间互相嫁娶，错综复杂的姻亲关系使社群更具凝聚力。 从南明到清代，马六甲和清朝往来不断，当女儿适婚时，父母总会招揽高素质的清代船商为婿，南明人也开始兼容清代文化。 The influx of ship merchants in the Qing Dynasty has preserved the Chinese cultural tradition intact, and the writing and language have been well inherited. The Chinese in Malacca are mainly Hakka, Chaoshan and Fujian. They formed many associations according to the region and clan relationship, and the guild halls and ancestral halls with unique Chinese architectural characteristics were scattered throughout the streets.