▲ Wang Kaitai The same as the previous paragraph (1823-1875)
Art From Media / Tong Gu Tang, Contributor / Mr. Zi Qing
Wang Kaitai (1823-1875), Qing Jiangsu Baoyingren, character Youxuan, number supplement fan, formerly known as Dun Min, character Youyi. Daoguang thirty years into the soldier. Edited and edited. Xianfengjian practiced in the national organization. Tongzhi went to Shanghai and entered the shogunate of Li Hongzhang, where he managed the camp and the gold. He stayed in Zhejiang as a Daoist and was promoted to zhejiang as an envoy and an official to be an inspector in Fujian. In Zhejiang Junsanjiang Zhasha, the water of the three counties of Shanyin, Huiji, and Xiaoshan is discharged. In Min, the Zhizhi Hall was set up in the West Lake Academy to learn the scriptures. Guangxu initially inspected Taiwan and also saved the province of illness. Tan Wenqin.
Honest officials and honest officials, models of scholars
Inspector Wang Kaitai of Fujian: Readers should not "talk about the wrong country"
Text/ Tonggutang
Ride over the side of the six doors of the bucket, miasma rain and smoke, spare no effort, make meritorious contributions in the desperate, gaishi transmission Zheng You difficult, Wei Yi half a year of operation, do their best to open up the south of the world;
Looking back at the twenty-seventh year of events, we were on the horse, the times were too obedient, the same genealogy was like a brother, so I ordered Zhu Chen's good, and I hurt a dynasty to say goodbye, and I did not finish the Wuxia proposal.
After hearing the bad news of Wang Kaitai's death, Yu Yu mourned for him to send condolences. The master of Traditional Chinese Studies praised him so much, who is Wang Kaitai?
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People
Wang Kaitai, Zi Shufan, Jiangsu Baoyingren, who has been reading poetry since childhood, Daoguang Twenty-six Years (1846), Zhongju. In the thirtieth year of Daoguang (1850), he also entered the high school, elected the Hanlin Academy Shu Jishi, and filled the National History Museum as an assistant, which can be described as a young man.
Since entering the shogunate of Li Hongzhang and becoming a senior staff officer, Wang Kaitai has been an official since then. Within five years, he was transferred from the ordinary Zhengqi Pin Hanlin Academy to important posts such as Zhejiang Envoy, Guangdong Envoy, and Fujian Inspector, and became a feudal official with heavy power.
Li Hongzhang also praised him many times for "taking the line in person and having insight into the opportunities" and was the most capable member of his command.
▲Li Hongzhang
In addition to Li Hongzhang's appreciation, Wang Kaitai also had the ambition to help the difficulties of the times, determined to reform the shortcomings of the times, and was a rare insightful person among the landlord bureaucracy in the late Qing Dynasty.
For example, in 1873, he was ordered by the Tongzhi Emperor to say six things, namely, "suspension of donations, elimination of redundant personnel, restriction of guarantees, restoration of incorruptibility, heavy school quotas, and establishment of training camps", which are all good strategies for governing the country and the country.
Apply
In addition, although Wang Kaitai was admitted to the army with the imperial examination, he was very different from ordinary corrupt Confucianism.
At that time, the readers only studied the texts of the exams and the study of the thesis, and the college also taught the articles of the eight strands of righteousness. In order to revive the academy and abandon the vain style of study, Wang Kaitai adheres to the purpose of "applying the world to the world", in order to "remedy the bias of the art of the times" and cultivate "the talent of the bright body to use".
When he was serving as an envoy in Zhejiang, he followed ruan yuanjian's training and appreciation of the elite house and established the KaoLian Academy by the West Lake; then moved to Guangdong to be a political envoy, and then founded the Ying Yuan Academy, which achieved immediate results. A student of Ying Yuan College, the first test was Liang Yaoshu, that is, the high school champion, and the second time Tan Zongjun won the Tanhua. After being promoted to inspector of Fujian, Wang Kaitai, in order to revitalize Minxue, once again presided over the reconstruction of the old site of the academy next to the West Lake in Fuzhou, and set up the "Zhiyong Hall", which was renamed zhiyong Academy to revere the study.
▲Zhiyo hall
Due to the accumulation of shortcomings in his rectification field, his literary style was greatly enhanced, and he was appointed as the trial supervisor of Fujian Township. Regarding Wang Kaitai's practical deeds in running a school, there is no shortage of books and books, such as Liu Cunren's poetry to him.
▲ Liu Cunren to Wang Kaitai Shizha
Liu Cunren (1802-1877), also known as Jiongfu, was a native of Minxian County, Fujian Province. Daoguang twenty-ninth year (1849 AD) raised people. The official went to Zhizhou, Qinzhou, Gansu. Cun Ren Gong poems, his life has been bumped, and he benefits from the death of flesh and bones, so he speaks bitterly.
▲ Liu Cunren to Wang Kaitai Shizha section
In the poems, "The Public Taste Periodicals of the Ancestors of Baitian Public Reading Secretaries Are Doubtful, the Mengting Gong Poetry Collection Draft, and the Baitian Wang Clan Qingfen Collection", that is, Wang Kaitai had published books many times before running the school. Among them, "Duke Baitian" was Wang Maohu, who served as the editor of Hanlin Academy and the nephew of Wang Shidan; "Duke Mengting" was Wang Mengting, who served as the prefect of Yangzhou.
Wang Kaitai was born into the Wang clan, and he was the nephew of Wang Shidan VI, and Wang Shidan was the forty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the oldest yuan in the history of the Qing Dynasty, also known as the "White Head Zhuangyuan". Therefore, the poem says that "the Gong Ancestor Lou Village Gong will be the great leader of the world".
"The duke was transferred from the famous Hanlin overseer to the defense of the river to Fujian, and accumulated official achievements in Zhejiang and Yue", it is said that Wang Kaitai was edited by the Hanlin Academy, supervised the Qing army to attack the Northern Jiangsu Twist Army, and later entered Li Hongzhangmu, responsible for the affairs of the Huai Military Camp Office. After that, the official was promoted to the inspector of Fujian, and he also achieved great official achievements in Zhejiang and Guangdong.
"Wu Min Gong Academy added more than 500 new numbers, nearly 10,000 numbers", "is the subject of the real net", "the list of famous corporals more out of the public door", etc., then said Wang Kaitai's contribution to the Fujian imperial examination and education.
The students trained by the Academy, such as Lin Shu, Chen Baochen, Li Jun, Chen Yan and others, are all familiar with each other, and the first mountain chief Lin Shoutu was also a famous eunuch of the Qing Dynasty.
In the poem, "Thirteen plum blossom books are planted in the village public residence, and the Zhejiang Guangdong and Fujian lecture houses are planted all over the plum blossoms." Gong jian Yingyuan Academy in Yue, Yue Xin Wei Shun De Liang Jun Da Kui Tianxia", of which "Thirteen Plum Blossom BookHouse" is a library, which is Wang Kaitai built a house to commemorate the ancestors and planted plums, and at the same time inscribed a cloud: "Seeing the victory and traveling before, accustomed to looking at the willow color of the Long Lake; passing on the story of the family, and planting plum blossoms from the blessed land." Yingyuan Academy also has plum blossoms.
Wang Kaitai founded the academy and attached great importance to the moral integrity of the scholars, so he planted plum blossoms everywhere as a mirror of high purity. "Liang Jun Dakui Tianxia" that is, Tongzhi was in the year (1871) Yingyuan Academy Shunde Liang Yaoshu high school champion.
"The academy has been abolished, the public is heavy and new, and the jianzhitang is extended to the famous teachers' class Jingxue Zhai, the pillow is known as the Zhai of the History of the Emperor, the pavilion is known as the Lake Pavilion, and the detailed Zhiluo", and allocates funds for the reconstruction of the old site of the West Lake Academy, and employs famous Confucian professors such as Xie Zhangquan and Liu Cunren.
"The library buildings in the three colleges, the prison court, and the official courtyard should not be prohibited from listening to the borrowing of all students, but the book records should be sent and received by Wei Jin", wang Kaitai believes that the three colleges of Zhengyi, Aofeng, and Fengchi have a very rich collection of books, and students should be allowed to borrow and share at any time. In addition, he also donated books, and called on Fuzhou general Wen Yu, Fujian and Zhejiang governor Li Henian, bibliophile Lu Xinyuan and other colleagues to donate.
"Tang Li Qi, Chang Gun and Fujian literature are better than Zhu Wen Weng Hua Shu, and now Li Chang Er Gong Ancestral Hall is also", of which Li Qi was the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty, the Fujian capital practiced observation and disposal envoys, and there was a move to promote learning; Chang Gong was an observer envoy in Fujian, and also strongly encouraged Ke Ju to advance. In the book, these two people praised Wang Kaitai for promoting the development of the imperial examination.
"Gong Yu Wai Jun yan asked the main lecturer, chose the teacher to emphasize the Tao, and all the sentient beings also steamed to learn", "Gong rectified customs and raised up indoctrination as its own responsibility", which refers to its mission to enhance the practice of using the fujian province through the ages.
"Gongzi Daoguang Ding Youke first took the provincial examination, that is, burning incense to the heavens to warn the heavens to avoid deception and self-deprecation", said Wang Kaitaikeke's road is smooth.
"Cun Ren feng Tan urged Gan to return to Fujian and Jin", "For many years, Cun Ren was the main lecturer in the position of the public, and Cun Ren could not leave his home to resign, and this year he should first give lectures on Yanping Daonan and Yinshan Academy", saying that Liu Cunren was invited by Wang Kaitai many times and promised to give lectures at Yanping Daonan Academy and Yinshan Academy.
Earlier, Liu Cunren used the phrase "young grandchildren cannot leave home", in fact, his life was attacked by obstacles, and it was beneficial to die with flesh and blood, so he spoke bitterly.
"Usually, the guards are tightly guarded, and the public self-proclaimed deeds will be different, there is no reason to be suspected, and it can advocate peace with gentlemen and form a relationship with Han Mo", which is to clarify the reason for the submission. At this time, Wang Kaitai would enter Beijing to report for duty, so the township gentry felt that he was an official achievement of the min middle school style, and presented the poem manuscript as a gift.
Poetry farewell
In addition to Liu Cunren, many other gentry presented poems to express their respect and gratitude for Wang Kaitai's reform of the field and the revival of the academy.
Such as Zhou Maoqi, Zhu Yanxu, Gao Wangzeng, Li Wenmin, Chen Quan, Chen Kun, Sun Yimou, Liang Mingqian, Chen Jingzeng, Zhaozeng and other celebrities.
▲ Zhou Maoqi to Wang Kaitai Shizha
Zhou Maoqi (1836-1896 AD), ZiYu, Han Hou, a patriotic official in the late Qing Dynasty, whose eunuchs involved Fujian and Taiwan, Tianjin, Hubei and other places, and also served as a dispatcher of the Fuzhou Shipping Bureau to lead international students to study in Britain and France, and was a down-to-earth practitioner of the western affairs movement in the late Qing Dynasty.
Zhou Maoqi's poems are also the revitalization of the Academy since Wang Kaitai Daoguang Ding Youke first took the provincial examination, burned incense to the heavens to warn the heavens to avoid deception and self-deprecation, and counted the revitalization of the academy during his successive reigns.
▲ Gao Wangzeng and Zhu Yanxu to Wang Kaitai Shizha
Gao Wangzeng, Zi Zhiyan, No. Cha An, Ren He Ren. Zhusheng, the official general Lezhi County. There is the "Draft Poems of Cha Meng'an".
Zhu Yanxu, Zi Zhenfu, Yuyao people. Tongzhi Ding Di raised a person and was appointed as a political doctor. There is the "Collected Poems of the Great Tsubaki Mountain House".
Gao Wang's poems mention that "the public cultivation of scholars, the construction of academies, and the increasing number of scholars by the Fujian people", Zhu Yanxu's poems "Guishan Lecture Field, Zhumen Disciples Sheng", etc., are also Wang Kaitai's contributions to the development of the academy and education.
▲Liang Mingqian to Wang Kaitai Shizha
Liang Mingqian (1826-1877), a native of Minxian (present-day Fuzhou), lived in Liangcuo, Cangshan. In the ninth year of Qing Xianfeng (1859), he was hired by Shen Baozhen to join the Fujian Shipping Administration shogunate, accompanied by Shen Baozhen, and concurrently handled the trade affairs of various countries, and all the chapters were more than his hands; he also accompanied Shen to the viceroy of Liangjiang, relying on his right and left hands. He is the author of "Jingyuantang Poetry Collection".
Liang Mingqian's poems also praise Wang Kaitai for establishing a academy, with merits such as ChangGun, and mention that he named the library building after the "Thirteen Plum Blossom Books" of the Xiande Wang-style Dan.
There are also other official poems, which are not listed.
▲ Chen Kun to Wang Kaitai Shizha
▲ Chen Jingzeng sent a letter to Wang Kaitai Shizha
▲ Chen Quan to Wang Kaitai Shizha
▲ Sun Yimou to Wang Kaitai Shizha
▲ Li Wenmin to Wang Kaitai Shizha
Overwork becomes a disease
In the poetry farewell of the squires, Wang Kaitai went north to Beijing to report for duty, and when he passed through Suzhou, he relapsed due to an old illness and lived in the Anhui Guild Hall to recuperate.
At that time, Yu Fan was also the Duke of Wumen Yu, and the two talked about the day in Suzhou, and the poems were harmonious, and the reward reached more than ten songs.
He was in the same year as Wang Kaitai and was a former official of Hanlin. When they were in the Beijing Division, they made a contract with each other, and there was no difference between the morning and the evening. Later, Wang Kaitai Zhongzi married Yu Yu's eldest daughter, and the two sides married their children and daughters, which was a great friendship.
▲Yu Fan and Yu Pingbo took a group photo
Helpless people have bad luck.
In 1874, on the grounds that the "Ryukyu drifters" were killed, Japan led troops to invade Taiwan and launched the "Sino-Japanese Jiashu War", and the Qing army quickly collapsed, shocking the government and the opposition. Due to the urgency of the military situation, the Qing government ordered Wang Kaitai, who was still ill at the time, to rush east to Taiwan to deal with related foreign affairs.
During his stay in Taiwan, Wang Kaitai ignored his illness and rushed to recruit troops to raise salaries, straighten out defense, and repel many japanese aggressions, so that the situation in the Taiwan Strait could be temporarily peaceful. In addition, it has also opened up mountains and made great efforts to do its best to benefit the people and fulfill its responsibilities, which has achieved great results in Taiwan's development and construction and the people's indoctrination.
Unfortunately, Wang Kaitai, who had accumulated fatigue and illness, eventually died of an unfortunate illness due to the aggravation of his illness, and gave the prince Shaobao, the title of Wenqin, and built a shrine to sacrifice.
▲Sino-Japanese War
For Yu Fan, the two talked about Yu Yin in the past year, and the day was not a holiday, which made people tear up.
The "Declaration" also reported that it deeply regretted: "Now the military and people of Fujian Province sigh in different voices, saying that the talent and courage of Zhongcheng are more than ordinary; but they are not eternal, and they only have to live for fifty-three years, so it is inevitable to sigh the ignorance of the Heavenly Dao!" ”
epilogue
Wang Kaitai and Gong Shiwen, whose revival academy strives to "apply to the world", rather than "empty talk and misleading the country", has a far-reaching impact on rectifying the exaggerated literary style of the scholars. As he said, "Fame accumulates goodness; and it is applied to the General Scriptures", and it seems that it is still a good word for learning.
In addition, his careful construction and management of Taiwan is a testimony that the blood of the two sides of the strait is thicker than water, and in the "Jiashu War," he heroically repelled the Japanese aggression and defended the national territory, and his meritorious deeds in defending the national territory are also worthy of the reputation of "famous ministers."
Related Reading:
The Little-Known Sino-Japanese War
Resources:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >Fuzhou Evening News: The Classic Education of Zhiyong Academy; Yangzhou Daily: "Wang Kaitai: Yangzhou people who run Taiwan for half a year"</h1>
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▲ Tonggutang insists on originality
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When reading books, you have a new understanding, and you should do things with the ancients
Text: Mr. Ziqing