Pond Bay
Location Map of Tangwan Market Town (Partial Part of Shanghai Area Map, 1934)
Tangwan Town is located 13 kilometers southeast of Xinzhuang, the seat of the district government, on the left bank of the confluence of the Cherry River and the Yutang River, and is a rural town with a history of more than 500 years.
Tangwan is named after its location in the bay of the Yutang River. The emergence of street markets in Tangwan is also quite long ago. Two old-fashioned buildings on the original Center Street, arranged across the street, are rumored to be more than 200 years old (the two floors were burned by the Japanese invading forces in 1939). More than a hundred years ago, the Tongzhi "Shanghai County Chronicle" referred to Tangwan Town as a "city". It can be seen that at that time, Tangwan Town was already a lively place where people gathered and traded nearby.
There is a copy of Qin Xitian's "Monument to the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of Tangwan Primary School" and the "Continuation of the Broom"
At the beginning of the Republic of China, Tangwan Town was the political, economic and cultural center of Tangwan area. In 1913, Tangwan Primary School was established on the east side of Central Street. In 1930, the town set up the Shanghai County Second District Office and the Tangwan Police Branch Office. In 1932, a people's education hall was set up on the east side of Qianjin Street. In 1948, a 140-square-meter auditorium was built behind the elementary school, which was remodeled in 1958 and converted into a large auditorium in 1965.
In 1959, the students of Tangwan Central School took a group photo in front of the auditorium
In Tangwan Town before the War of Resistance Against Japan, there were Qianjin Street, Zhennan Street, Center Street and Sanxin Street arranged in an I-shape. There are four street market shops, the city beckons high, especially the center street is the most concentrated, the town has 60 or 70 shops of various types, many categories, food, use is complete.
In 1939, during the fall of Tangwan Town, an unprecedented catastrophe was inflicted, and most of the houses in Qianjin, Zhennan and Center Street were burned down by the Japanese invading forces, and more than half of the town's buildings were destroyed. It was only after the victory of the War of Resistance that it gradually recovered.
Tangwan Old Street
In terms of transportation, it originally relied on waterways, and in 1938, there were roads leading to Beiqiao Town. After 1949, the town of Tangwan underwent new changes. In 1952, the Yutang River was cut and straightened, and through the Panjiabang Road, it went straight out of the Huangpu River, and was collectively called the Yutang River. In 1957, the north of the town was built into Beiwu Road (Beiqiao to Wujing), and the traffic was more convenient.
Map of Tangwan Town (1986)
Since the 1970s, the street surface has gradually widened, and The center street has moved east to straighten south street, that is, a number of buildings have been built from south to north on the east side of center street, forming a new opposite street with the original center street east dai, called North Street. In the south of Sanxin Street, hardware and department stores were built, and its street surface and North Street formed a "D" shape. At the intersection of the T-shaped corners, the office building of the supply and marketing cooperatives was built, which confronted the original township government compound on Sanxin Street. At the north entrance of Tangwan Town, a new township industrial company building was built, which echoed the cultural station across Beiwu Road. The layout of the entire market is reasonable and spectacular.
In the 1980s, Tangwan Supply and Marketing Cooperative and Tangwan Industrial Company Supply and Marketing Manager Department
Since 1950, Tangwan Town has been the seat of the Tangwan District People's Government. In 1958, it became the organ of Qinfeng People's Commune. In 1959, it was the seat of the Management Committee of Tangwan People's Commune. Since 1984, Tangwan Town has become the seat of the people's government of Tangwan Township (which was withdrawn from the township in 1993 to establish a township). On October 18, 2000, Wujing Subdistrict and Tangwan Town were abolished, and the territory of Wujing Town has been abolished.
Yu Tang
It is difficult to buy Yu Tang North with money
In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there was a folk proverb in the area of Songjiang Province: "It is difficult to buy Yutang North with money". It is said that there is a river called "Yutang" in the east five miles of Songjiang Province, which is a waterway that leads to the southeast to connect the Huangpu River, and the geographical conditions are very superior. The boats that come and go can all sail, the land along the coast is high and fertile, it is advisable to plant wheat, the rich families compete for it, and the land price appreciates, and it is difficult to find money, so there is this proverb. Today's Maqiao area belongs to this "Yutang North".
Qing Dynasty Yutang Direction Map (Part of Songjiang Province)
Yutang has two lines, north and south, the south Yutang is the Songjiang City Dongwaishi River, starting from the south of Zhangta Bridge, flowing east, turning south into the salt and iron pond. Beiyutang flows east from Yangbao chai bridge, crosses Dongjing, and enters Shanghai County at the junction of Xipujing and Daughter Jing, and flows through Wulitang, Huayang Bridge, Chedun, Maqiao, Beiqiao, Tangwan, Wujing to the Huangpu River into the sea, with a total length of about 50 miles.
The economic value of Beiyutang has been valued by people in the Song Dynasty. Xu Shang, who signed himself "Old Man heguang" during the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote the "Huating Hundred Songs", which has a special poem Yu Tang: "Outside the three townships, the east stream and the sea are connected." The river god has repeatedly benefited, and the sail borrows the wind. There is also a song dedicated to Shagang: "Thousands of miles of flat land are few, connecting the rivers and seas and mei." Spread due to the splashing of the waves, it is suspected that it is mussel chengji. "This place is formed by the accumulation of offshore sediment and shell animal remains under the lapping of the waves, and the sea has become a mulberry field, so its land is high and fertile. According to legend, in the Yuan Dynasty, there was a rich family named Yu Yuanshao, who set up thousands of acres of land here and became famous in all directions. After that, people who wanted to buy land flocked to ask for it, and Yu Yuanshao immediately threatened: "Although there are pearls and thousands of hues, we will not sell Yu Tangbei." Therefore, the land price has greatly appreciated, and it has been chanted for a while: "It is difficult to buy Yu Tangbei with money." According to the research of later generations, Yu Yuanshao's tomb was buried in the south of Beiqiao Town.
North bridge section of Yutang River
During the Ming Dynasty, the coast of Beiyutang was also destroyed, and water transport declined. After the opening of the port of Shanghai in modern times, Minhangdu, which was originally set up as the Inspector of Huangpu, developed into an important market town because of the benefits of Huangpu, while some of the original market towns along the north Yutang failed to recover. Gu Han (Zi Mengping), a qing Guangxu shiren, lamented in the "Songjiang Bamboo Branch Words": "The grass on the North Yu Pond is qianqian, and the scenery is xiao Xiao in the past years." Hugh said that it was difficult to buy at that time, and it was not worth the money to choose the land now. "The development of the commodity economy after the opening of Shanghai has had a heavy impact on the countryside, strong male laborers go out to work or do business, and the burden of field labor in all seasons falls on women." Therefore, Ding Yifu (Zi Cishui) loudly appealed in the "Song of ShenJiang": "The young woman is extremely pitiful, and the daughter is looking forward to returning to the ship." Persuade Lang Mo to go through business again and buy more Yutang south and north fields. ”
Niu's Rong Cai Tang
In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1662), The thirteenth grandson of Wuxing Niu Meishan, Niu Dachun, moved from the county seat of Shanghai to Yutang Village on the north bank of the Yutang River of the Eighteen Bao Thirteenth Tu, thus forming the Yutang Branch of the Niu Clan Maqiao. The Yutang Niu family has attached great importance to education for generations, so the fragrance of books has been passed down from generation to generation, and talents have emerged. In the more than 240 years from Yongzheng to Guangxu, at least 36 of Yutang's descendants were admitted as xiucai. There was a jinshi, three lifters, and three senior gongsheng, thus distinguishing one side.
The pioneer of the Xinhai Revolution, Niu Yongjian (1870-1965), was born in the old residence of the Niu family at No. 1, Yutang Town. On March 20, 1930, Niu Yongjian, who had bid farewell to his career as a horseman, voluntarily resigned from his post as chairman of the Jiangsu Provincial Government on the grounds of suffering from a "partial stroke" and returned to his hometown of Yutang to "recuperate". Under his auspices, the private Yutang People's Education Center was officially established in May of that year.
Niu Yongjian statue
Niu Yongjian witnessed the backwardness and poverty of China's rural areas, and the anxiety of rural bankruptcy was widespread at that time. He believes that promoting the transformation of his hometown is the best reward for his hometown, so he put the transformation of his hometown on rural construction. In view of the danger of the times and the needs of the environment, with "rich education" and "strong education" as the focus of modern culture and "civic education", vigorously promote the development of credit cooperation to distribution cooperation and production cooperation (then known as the "three major cooperation"), and improve the appearance of villages and advocate new rural life.
Under the initiative of the Yutang People's Education Center, Shanghai County is divided into 6 people's education districts, and the people's (farmers') education center is the central organ of each district, responsible for handling the people's education in the district. In addition to the education of the people, all districts have central organs, which, in addition to the education of the people, also hold reading clubs, exhibitions, competitions, and change customs; open farms and promote advanced agronomy; organize cooperatives, specially contract farmland to promote cotton and wheat varieties, and promote water pump irrigation. At the same time, people's schools have been set up in each district to organize people to read and write amateurs.
In the summer of 1933, the Yutang People's Education Center was upgraded from a private to a provincial level, and the Yutang Rural Experimental Area was built, and the Diocese of Counseling Shi was expanded to 10 surrounding counties. At this time, Yutang became the cultural source and exchange center of the southwestern townships of Shanghai.
At that time, Niu Yongjian's nephew, Niu Changzhu (1905-1929, zi rongcai), who had served as the principal of Shanghai Municipal Jingye Middle School and a member of the Kuomintang Shanghai Special Municipal Executive Supervision Committee, died of acute enteritis at the age of 25, and all sectors of society deeply regretted it. In the spring of 1935, when the Yutang People's Education Center raised funds to expand the teaching facilities, celebrities Zhang Qun, Wu Kaixian, Shen Junru and other celebrities jointly launched a fund-raising to build the "Rongcai Hall" to commemorate it. All walks of life responded positively, and the curator Niu Changyao donated an annual salary of 2,000 yuan. After the completion of the "Rongcai Hall", it will be used as the office and reception place of the People's Education Hall.
Plaque of RongCai Tang
In the second half of 1950, after the abolition of the Yutang People's Education Center, the old house of Rongcaitang became a public house in Yutang. Before 2011, it was yutang elderly activity room. On December 26, 2007, it was announced that it was registered as an immovable cultural relics in Minhang District.
In order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, in 2011, the Maqiao Town Government funded the restoration of the RongcaiTang building, and on October 9 of that year, the Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall was officially established. At the same time, Niu's Rongcai Hall was subsequently announced by the Minhang District Government as a cultural relics protection unit. The descendants of the Niu family took the opening of the Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall as an opportunity to return to their hometown to carry out a journey to find their roots.
The gate of Niu's Rongcai Hall and Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall
The exhibits of the Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall reproduce the revolutionary process of Niu Yongjian and The forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who fought side by side for nearly 25 years, vividly reflecting the spiritual outlook of the older generation of Maqiao people who are related to their hometown, creating the Yutang People's Education Hall, and establishing the Maqiao Qiangshu School to build selfless dedication to their hometown.