With the improvement of living standards, consumers have higher and higher requirements for vegetable diversification. In recent years, leaf sweet potato is more and more favored by consumers, leaf sweet potato is also known as longevity vegetables, sweet potato leaves, is a young stem and leaves as vegetables to eat special sweet potatoes, rich in VC, VB, carotene, dietary fiber, protein, a variety of minerals and some special nutrients. And strong disease resistance, less pests and diseases, less pesticide application, and the use of green prevention and control technology cultivation management, is a relatively safe healthy agricultural products. Its total production is not very large, the planting area is not much, the planting benefits are relatively good, and the planting technology is relatively simple, so it has certain promotion value. The cultivation techniques of leaf sweet potato greenhouses are introduced as follows.
1． Select the field block
Choose a field with loose soil, fewer pests and diseases, and preferably a field that did not plant vegetables such as sweet potatoes for leaves last year. Intensive cultivation, leveling the land, ditching for furrowing, and preparing for seedlings.
2． Nurture strong seedlings
Leaf propagation with sweet potato seedlings generally adopts the method of cuttings. Seedling field base fertilizer 667m2 application of decomposition organic fertilizer 250 kg + 45% ternary compound fertilizer 15 kg, from the beginning of March to the middle of March to select no disease and pest pests, growing robust plants, cut about 15cm, leave 3 nodes, as cuttings, watering cover film after cuttings, using greenhouse or three film covering (greenhouse film + inner greenhouse film + small arch film) insulation. Furrow width 1.3 m (continuous furrow, groove width 20 cm), plant row spacing 10 cm× 15 cm, 1 furrow 10 rows. In good weather, timely ventilation and ventilation are carried out, the humidity in the shed is reduced, and depending on the dryness of the soil, it is moderately watered on a sunny morning. The planting area of mother seedlings and production seedlings is controlled at about 1:10.
3． Timely colonization
In late May, the seedlings are colonized and produced, the stems and vines with thick, thick leaves and no pests and diseases are selected, 4 to 5 sections are cut, 1 to 2 sections of soil are inserted, 2 to 3 sections are exposed, and water in time after the cuttings are completed, and keep the soil moist to promote the survival of the cuttings. The furrow width and row spacing are the same as the cuttings of seedlings, about 32,000 seedlings are planted at 667 m2, and the weeds are weeded in time about 15 days after colonization.
4． Field management
Colonized field block 667 m2 base to apply decomposition organic fertilizer 250 kg + 45% ternary compound fertilizer 15 kg, leaf sweet potato growth momentum, stem growth rapid, after each harvest combined with watering 45% ternary compound fertilizer 2.5 kg/667 m2. Watering to master the principle of "a small number of times", it is recommended to use sprinkler irrigation facilities to achieve fertilizer and water irrigation, during the high temperature period can appropriately increase the number of irrigation and dosage, and is conducive to reducing the temperature in the shed.
Leaf sweet potato has strong heat tolerance, generally do not need cooling facilities, the temperature in the shed is controlled below 35 ° C, the temperature is too high to slow down the easy aging, affecting the edible quality of leaf sweet potato, which can be cooled by strengthening ventilation, water spraying and other measures.
5． Harvest at the right time
After colonization, 5 to 6 leaves are plucked to promote branching. Generally, it can be harvested 1 month after colonization, and it is advisable to harvest the young stems of 10 to 12 cm downward at the top of the stem, and then harvest once every 7 to 10 days, and the harvest period lasts from late June to the end of October. Leaf sweet potato young stem water content is high, so after harvesting is easy to lose water wilt, affecting the commerciality, harvesting should be lightly grasped and put, to avoid damage to stems and leaves, after harvesting timely sales, long-distance transportation needs to take the necessary preservation measures.
6． Pest control.
It is recommended to use green prevention and control methods for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases through crop rotation, and use physical and biological measures such as yellow plates and sex attractants to control insect pests.
Leaf sweet potato is more resistant to disease, less diseases occur, mainly to control leaf-eating pests and underground pests. The control of sweet potato leaf nail can be sprayed with 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion emulsion 3000 times liquid or 22.5% chlorofluoropyridine wettable powder 1500 to 2000 times liquid, and the control of lepidoptera leaf pests such as sweet potato wheat moth can be sprayed with 5% fluuridine emulsion 800 to 1000 times liquid or 10% insect mite nitrile suspension 2000 to 2500 times liquid, and 3% octyl thiophosphorus granules can be used for the prevention and control of small land tigers, grubs and other underground pests. Pay attention to the number and dosage of medication, harvest and market after the safe interval period, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.