Platycodon Root, Latin name Radix Platycodonis, original Latin plant animal mineral name Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. [Campanula grandiflora Jacq.] , medicinal herbs are also known as Fu Fu, Bai Yao, Li Ru, Stem Herb, Lu Ru, Fang Tu, Thorn Century, Bitter Stem, Bitter Stem, Bitter Orange Stem, Great Medicine, Bitter Root, And the source of the medicinal herbs is platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. Dc.'s dried roots. In spring and autumn, dig, wash, remove the roots, peel off the outer skin or remove the outer skin, dry. It grows on mountain grassy slopes, forest edges or is cultivated. Resource distribution is distributed in all regions of the country.
Sexual taste: bitter, spicy, flat. Attributed to the lung meridian. Indications for function: lung promotion, pharynx, expectorant, discharge of pus. It is used for coughing sputum, chest tightness, sore throat and hoarseness, pulmonary carbuncle vomiting pus. Precautions: Yin deficiency for a long time, qi reversal and coughing up blood should not be taken. 1. Song Zhenheng: It is not appropriate for those who are weak and their anger is rising. 2. "Benjing Fengyuan": Yin and void for a long time is not suitable for use, and it is also deflated by its yang.
Properties: This product is cylindrical or slightly spindle-shaped, the lower part is tapered, some have branches, slightly twisted, 7 to 20 cm long, and O.7 to 2 cm in diameter. The surface is white or yellowish white, and the surface of the person who does not go to the outer skin is yellowish brown to gray-brown, with longitudinal twisted wrinkles, and there are transverse skin hole-like marks and branch marks, and there are horizontal stripes on the upper part. Some have shorter or inconspicuous rhizomes at the apex, with several half-moon-shaped stem marks on them. Brittle, uneven section, forming layer rings brown, skin white, fissures, wood pale yellowish white. The air is slight, the taste is slightly sweet and bitter.
Microscopic identification: Cross-sectional of this product: wood plug cells sometimes remain, and those who do not go to the outer skin have a wooden plug layer, and the cells contain calcium oxalate small prisms. The inner layer of the plug is narrow. The phloem ducts are scattered in groups, and the walls of the milk ducts are slightly thicker, containing fine granular yellowish-brown substances. Layers are formed into rings. Xylem ducts are scattered individually or in clusters, arranged radially. Parenchymal cells contain inulin. Take this product, slice it, load it with dilute glycerin, and place it under a microscope to see fan-shaped or rounded inulin crystals.
Thin layer identification: Take 1g of this product powder, add 7% ethanol sulfate - water (1:3) mixed solution 20ml, heat reflux for 3 hours, let cool, shake with trichloromethane to extract 2 times, 20m1 each time, combine trichloromethane liquid, add water to wash 2 times, 30ml each time, discard the lotion, trichloromethane liquid with anhydrous sodium sulfate dehydration, filtered, filtrate steamed dry, residue plus methanol 1ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Another 1g of the control medicinal materials of the orange stem are taken, and the control medicinal material solution is made by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI.B) test, aspirate the above two solutions 10, ul, respectively, on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with trichloromethane - ether (2:1) as the unfolding agent, unfold, remove, dry, spray with 10% ethanol sulfate solution, heated at 105 °C until the spots are clearly colored. In the chromatography of the test product, spots of the same color appear in the corresponding positions of the control medicinal material chromatography.
1. Expectorant and antitussive effect: Anesthesia dogs oral decoction of this product 1g/kg, can significantly increase the secretion of respiratory mucus, its strength can be compared with ammonium chloride. It also has a significant expectorant effect on anesthetizing cats. It has been reported that the expectorant effect of platycodon saponins is stronger than that of Yuanzhi, second only to Thatigarasenega L.. The results of the mouse phenol red method are weaker than those of Yuanzhi. When the saponins contained in platycodon are taken orally, they cause some degree of irritation to the throat mucosa and gastric mucosa, reflexively cause hypersecretion of the respiratory mucosa, dilute the sputum, and promote its discharge. The effective amount of intraperitoneal injection and antitussive half of guinea pigs is 6.4 mg/kg.
2. Hypoglycemic effect: rabbit gastric orange stem water or alcohol extract 200mg/kg can reduce blood sugar, and the hypoglycemic curve of aqueous extract is similar to that of gastric 25-50mg/kg methanesulbutamide. Water and alcohol extract 500mg/kg for 4 consecutive days of gastric filling, the experimental tetraoxypyrimidine diabetic rabbit also has a hypoglycemic effect, the reduced liver glycogen is also restored after medication, and can inhibit the rise of food blood sugar, the effect of alcohol extract is stronger than that of water extract.
3. Inhibition of gastric juice secretion and anti-ulcer effect: Crude platycodon saponin has the effect of inhibiting gastric juice secretion and anti-peptic ulcer in rats at doses below 1/5 half of the lethal amount. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the secretion of gastric juice caused by pyloric ligation in rats can be almost completely suppressed. Rat duodenal injection of 25mg/kg crude platycodon saponins can prevent the formation of peptic ulcer, its effect is comparable to subcutaneous injection l0mg/kg atropine, but the preventive effect of 100mg/kg gastric lavage corresponding to the formation of radical ulcers is twice as weak as that of subcutaneous injection of atropine 10mg/kg, for rat acetic acid-induced ulcer models, crude platycodon saponins can significantly reduce the ulcer coefficient, and the efficacy of the daily 25mg/kg group is higher than that of the licorice extract FM100 daily 200mg/kg group.
4. Anti-inflammatory effect: Platycodon saponin has an anti-inflammatory effect, and the dose of 1/10-1/5 half of the lethal dose has an anti-inflammatory effect on the carrageenan foot swelling and acetic acid swelling of the hind limbs of rats. Gastric lavage of less than 1/10 half of the lethal dose, once a day, continuous administration, also has a significant inhibitory effect on rat cotton bulb granulomas, and is also effective in rat adjuvant arthritis. This preparation also reduces allergic reactions, capillary permeability in mice. The torsional reaction and peritoneal exudation of mice caused by intraperitoneal injection of platycosides can be inhibited by gastric same saponins. Platycodon has no direct antibacterial effect, but its aqueous extract can enhance macrophage phagocytosis and enhance the bactericidal power of neutral white blood cells. Increases the activity of lysozyme.
5. Effect on the circulatory system: rats are injected intravenously with crude platycodon saponins, which can show a temporary decrease in blood pressure, heart rate slowdown and respiratory depression. For the heart and ear of the isolated guinea pig, it has a negative inotropic effect at high concentrations. Anesthetizing canine arteries injected with 200-800mg/kg rough platycodon saponins can reduce the resistance of coronary arteries and nitril blood vessels, increase blood flow, and its strength can be compared with papaverine. Intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg may also increase coronary and hindlimb blood flow, accompanied by temporary hypotension. This vasodilation is thought to be a direct effect on peripheral blood vessels.
6. Other effects: Platycodon saponins have sedative, analgesic and antipyretic effects. It can inhibit the spontaneous activity of mice and prolong the sleep time of cyclohexenobarbital sodium. However, there is no protective effect on electric shock and pentaertetrazoconvulsive. Platycodon saponin can reduce the content of cholesterol in the liver of rats, increase the excretion of cholesterol and bile acid, as well as antiacetylcholine and antihistamine effects, which can inhibit the contraction of the intestine of isolated guinea pigs caused by acetylcholine and histamine. Rats are gastricized with platycodon 2 g/kg, which has inhibitory and diuretic effects on congestive edema caused by bilateral jugular vein ligation.
In vitro tests have shown that this product decoction has an inhibitory effect on Flocculent Epidermobacterium, and the birch alcohol contained in this product has marginal anti-tumor activity against rat WACKER Z56 intramuscular tumor system (SWA16) when it is 400mg/kg.
(1) Cure pulmonary carbuncle, cough and chest full, vibrate cold pulse number, dry throat is not thirsty, sometimes out of the turbid spit smell, long time vomit pus like rice porridge: orange stem one or two, licorice two two. On the second taste, take three liters of water, boil one liter, divide the temperature and then take, then spit pus and blood also. ("Golden Essentials" Orange Stem Soup)
(2) Cure phlegm cough wheezing: one or two halves of platycodon. Pound it into a scatter, use the boy to urinate for half a liter, fry it to take a four-fold, and go to the warm serving. ("Briefly Helping the Crowd")
(3) Cure laryngeal paralysis and poisonous gas: kirito two two. Three liters of water, boil one liter and serve. (A Thousand Golden Fangs)
(4) Cure cold solid chest, no heat evidence: three points for orange stems, one point for croton (peeled, heart, boiled black, researched like grease), three points for shellfish. The upper three flavors are scattered, with white drink kimono, strongman half money dagger, and the poor are reduced. Illness in the diaphragm will vomit, under the diaphragm will be profitable, unfavorable, into a cup of hot porridge, more than good, into a cup of cold porridge. ("On Typhoid Fever" is scattered.)
(5) Cure typhoid fever, chest full of death: orange stem, citrus shell (hot, go to the ring) one or two each. File as large as rice beans, use one and a half liters of water, fry in half, remove the soup, and divide into two servings. ("Su Shen Liang Fang" citrus shell soup)
(6) Cure chancre odor rot: orange stalk, fennel aliquot. Burn it. ("Hygiene Easy Simple Formula")
(1) "Outline": Zhu Qiu's "Book of the Living Man" treats the chest full of pain, uses orange stems and citrus shells, and takes its lungs and diaphragm to take the qi under the diaphragm; Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" cures the cold and solid chest, uses orange stems, shellfish, and croton, takes its warmth, eliminates the valley, and breaks the accumulation; also treats the pulmonary carbuncle spit pus, uses the orange stem and licorice, takes its bitter and hard to clear the lungs, sweet and warm diarrhea, and can drain pus and blood, and replenish internal leakage. Its treatment of less yin evidence two or three days of sore throat, but also use orange stem, licorice, take its bitterness to disperse the cold, ganping to remove heat, combined with it, can adjust the cold and heat also. Later generations changed their name to ganju soup, which treated diseases of the throat and tongue. Song Renzong added mustard, windproof, and forsythia, so the name was like a holy soup, and it was extremely true. According to Wang Haogu's "Medical Fortress Yuanrong" contains a lot of detail, cloud aphonic plus Hazi, sound does not come out plus half a summer, shangqi plus tangerine peel, saliva plus zhimu, shellfish, cough and thirst plus five flavors, wine poison plus kudzu root, less qi plus ginseng, vomit plus half summer, ginger, saliva pus blood plus aster, lung convulsions plus ejiao, chest unfavorable plus citrus shell, heart and chest full of citrus fruit, red eyes plus gardenia, rhubarb, swelling of the face plus poria, skin pain plus yellow, spots plus windproof, thorn mustard, plague poison plus rat sticky, rhubarb, do not sleep plus gardenia.
(2) "Materia Medica": Kirito, depending on its main diseases, should be hard and sweet, slightly warm and non-toxic. Typhoid fever and evil knot in the chest, the pain is like a knife stabbing; if the evil is in the middle, the abdomen is full and the intestines are quiet, the heart is scattered, the bitterness is sweet, then the evil is dissolved and the anger is harmonious, and the evidence retreats. His lord is terrified and throbbing, and his temper and blood are insufficient, then this evidence is now, and among the tonics, he borrows his ascending power, thinking that the boat is victorious and the use of the ship, and this is also the position of the envoy. "Beilu" benefits the five visceral intestines and stomach, replenishes the blood qi, covers the evil solution, the viscera and stomach are self-harmonious, and the blood and qi are self-generating. In addition to cold and hot wind paralysis, warm in the middle, treatment of sore throat and sore throat, and poisoning, all disperse evil and detoxification and detoxification of the gong of profit, and eliminate the valley, with its lifting of yang qi, so that the center is scorched and not sinking, then the yang qi in the spleen is long floating, and the valley food is self-consuming. Zhen Quan is used to cure diarrhea, and to remove the lungs of the hot gas, to promote the cause of heat dissipation evil. Rihuazi is used to ward off evil and ward off plague, and to drain pus from the pulmonary carbuncle; Jiegu uses it to remove the wind and heat of the lungs, clear the leader, throat and chest, stagnate and pain, remove nasal congestion, and develop and reconcile the work into the lungs.
(3) "Materia Medica Tongxuan": The use of the orange stem, but it enters the lung meridian, the lung is the dirt of the main qi, so it can make the qi fall, and the secular mud cannot go down as an ascending agent, and it is useless.
(4) "Materia Medica Chongyuan": orange stem, cure the pain of Shaoyang, chest paralysis of upper focus, intestinal sound of middle focus, and full belly of lower burn. And shock is on the qi, fear is under the qi, palpitations are moving, it is the orange stem for the medicine of qi, up and down can be cured.
(5) "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": Kirito, according to the book, can not only lead the medicine up, but also carry the following qi, what is its meaning? The visceral chest of the Gaiyuan people, the original Gui Tongli, as soon as there is a cold and evil obstruction, the qi and blood are not passed, and it lies in the lungs, or it is unfavorable, and the phlegm is seen to promote nasal congestion; in the Yangming, it is or wind and heat, and the toothache is seen; in the Shaoyin, it is sleepy and closed, and the eyes are red throat and throat pain; for a long time, when the fire is depressed, it is seen that the mouth sores and pulmonary carbuncles are dry; the fire is scorched, then the chest diaphragm is tingled; the lung fire moves to the large intestine, and the diarrhea is painful, and the abdomen is full of intestinal sounds. Always cold in the lungs, close their tricks, then clear can not go up, turbidity can not fall ears. The orange stem system is the medicine that opens the lung qi, which can be used as a medicine boat, carrying the floating, can cause the agent of suffering and discharge, as for the success of the supreme point, the qing qi has to rise, then the turbid qi will fall by itself, and the theory of deflation will be rooted.
(6) "Medicine Signs": Platycodon, the main treatment of turbid saliva swollen pus also, side treatment of sore throat. Zhongjing Yue: Sore throat, can be with licorice soup, not sick, and orange stem soup also. It is the licorice that relieves the urgency of its poison, and the turbid spit and spit pus, which is not the master of the licorice, so it is not the one who is not sick, but the one who adds the orange stem also. From the point of view, the swelling and pain is urgent, the orange stem soup, and the turbid spit and spit pus are more drained.
(7) "Chongqing Tang Essay": Orange stem, the knot of opening lung qi, the depression of Xuanxin Qi, and the scorched medicine. The lungs are open and the house is ventilated, so it is also beneficial to treat abdominal pain, and people used to say that those who rise and fall are yi. However, after all, the medicine is upgraded, the disease belongs to the upper focus empirical and the lower focus is not diseased, and it is also available; if the lower focus is weak and the fire is easy to move, it should be cautious. Although its disease is found in the upper focus, it originates from the lower focus, especially the contraindicated agent. In the past, it was said that it was most likely to mislead people. The medicine that smells light and clear is cured of scorch, and the boat is carried, and it has been troubled. The medicine of heavy quality and thick taste is all cured of scorch, and it is even more meaningless to carry it. Therefore, not only is the lower coke disease unusable, that is, the upper coke disease, but also the evil paralysis is in the lungs, the qi is depressed in the heart, and the knot is in the yang, which can only be used. Such as phlegm cough and other evidence, but the wind cold outside the closed should be appropriate. Not only is the yin deficiency internal wound a forbidden drug, that is, the fire poison rises and it is advisable to clear the descender, nor is it available.
(8) "Benjing": The main chest pain is like a knife stab, the abdomen is full, the intestines are quiet, and the panic and throbbing.
(9) "Beilu": Benefit the five visceral intestines and stomach, replenish blood and qi, remove cold and heat, wind paralysis, eliminate valley in temperature, and cure sore throat.
(10) "Theory of Medicinal Properties": cure diarrhea, break blood, remove gas, eliminate accumulation, phlegm, main lung heat to promote cough rebellion, except for cold pain in the abdomen, the main evil and pediatric panic.
1 (1) "Rihuazi Materia Medica": under all qi, stop cholera tendons, abdominal distention and pain, supplement the five labors, nourish qi, remove evil and warm, tonify and eliminate phlegm, be symptomatic, nourish blood and drain pus, fill internal leakage and laryngeal paralysis.
1 (2) "Derivation of Materia Medica": Treatment of pulmonary carbuncles.
1 (3) "Pearl Sac": cure sore throat, sharpen lung qi, cure nasal congestion.
1 (4) Li Gao: chest diaphragm, (treatment) throat qi and pain, broken stagnant qi and mass, (except) lung wind fever, Clear leader, Li Trick.
1 (5) "Compendium": The main mouth and tongue are sore, and the red eye is swollen and painful.
1 (6) "Empirical Identification of The Morphology of Traditional Chinese Medicines": Prolactin.
——Excerpts from "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", "Chinese Materia Medica"
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