As mentioned earlier, the collection of books about the Xu family should begin with Xu Shulan and Xu Youlan, and Xu Shulan's deeds I have written into the Ancient Yue Library, here to talk about Xu Youlan first.
Shulan and Youlan are brothers, Youlan is five years younger than Shulan, about the deeds of Youlan, Xue Bing wrote a "Biography of Xu Youlan", which was included in the "First Series of Shaoxing County Chronicle Materials" printed in the twenty-eighth year of the Republic of China. Because Xue Bing had taught at Xu Youlan's home, what he wrote was more in line with historical truth. Xue Bing said in this biography: "Tongzhi Gengwu, Mr. Twenty-Eight, read again. It is autumn, to the guozi supervisor to take the township exam, the next first. Post-Yi Rui refining art. Guangxu Yihai, who was first educated by Hu Gongruilan, was given the opportunity to supplement the students. After Xin Wei, Na Zhao became a member of the foreign lang, entered the capital to serve, and signed the sub-household department to walk in the Lake Guangsi. In the afternoon and winter, he returned to the province on leave, and since then he has been studying at home and serving his mother, and he will not return to his career. ”
It seems that although the Xu family has money, Xu Youlan has not been able to obtain a meritorious name, and can only rely on spending money to buy a public office. But not long after, Youlan returned to his hometown, and soon after he followed his brother to Shanghai to run an industry: "Nian Gengyin, started to travel to Shanghai." Sir saw that the seeds of the tao competed with me in business warfare, and wanted to save the leakage of the non-promotion of industry, not to do the work, by being a long time in Shanghai, paying attention to industry and commerce. The Chinese set up a machine reeling factory, Songhu Yibu Gai Zi Mr. At the beginning of the first and fifth century, next summer, the mother chapter filial piety, Mr. heard the report and returned, multi-party treatment, the second son Zi lin re-cutting stock and medicine to advance, the pawn is ineffective. In October, the mother died, at the age of seventy and eight. Sir mourned like a courtesy. Wu Shu, Shangyu Luo Zhenyu, Wuxian Jiang Yi and Mr. Shulan's brother Shulan Set up a nongovernmental society in Shanghai, translated the Western Newspaper, opened a test field, comrades joined the congregation, Mr. and Yan. And in the Huangpu coast land of 100 acres, widely seek fruit species from various countries, identify its soil and appropriate order, tree art to fund experiments. ”
Unfortunately, because of improper employment, the Xu family's industry in Shanghai produced a huge deficit, and later Xu Youlan went to Hubei to open mines. Once, in the process of taking a boat, he was confronted by the shell bombardment of the Russo-Japanese War, which seriously frightened him, and although he had good medical treatment, he finally died due to a recurrence of the disease. Xue Bing's biography of Xu Youlan described this in detail: "After the Sino-Japanese War, the imperial court drew road mines. Mr. and comrade two people to buy Hubei mine, the land of Liuyi, will seek to mine. Comrades entered the capital by road mining letter. After the completion of the matter, the attached ship went south, on the duty of Japan and Russia to start a war, the ship passed through Lushun, and docked in the harbor. It was night, the Japanese led the ships to attack, the shells and bullets rained, and the shipwrights were constantly shouting. Suddenly, a bullet crossed the bow of the ship, injuring three people. If it is blown up on the deck, the whole ship will be destroyed. At dawn, Russia sent a ship to lead the port, and was drumming the ship out, looking back and seeing the huge waves standing, the ship returning to the port had been hit by mines. If the line is slightly off, then my ship will also be burned. This December 245th event also. Because the gentleman was suffering from a frightening disease, Jia Chenxia was critically ill, and he was cured by a good doctor. Yi Weixia, the illness recurred, the former doctor did not return, died, when Guangxu thirty-first June 6 also. There are three in sixty years. ”
Regarding Xu Youlan's collection deeds, Xue Bing's biography is also recorded: "As for learning, there are no books and no peeps, next to calligraphy and painting. Good collection, where old banknotes, fine carvings, graphite ancient and modern Legal posts, famous paintings, some see, buy the eight cedar in the middle, such as, decades. After being stationed in Shanghai, the eldest son of Fu Ming, Wei, was widely searched, and he did not set up a fine house to hide it, and his name was Cast Xuezhai and Shu Shi Lou. ”
It seems that Xu Youlan's collection is quite rich, he transported his collection back to his hometown, and then let the eldest son Xu Wei build a library. In addition to the collection, Xu Youlan also engraved the works of Xiang xian: "Choose the essence to be a rare book, engrave all pear dates, and dozens of kinds." It is not a single line, and it is a series of books. Revisited the writings of the ancestors of Qiuxiang, published by the school, known as "Shaoxing Xianzheng Testament", all four episodes. The books all outline the uranium yuan, as a posthumous, jingzhi macro theory, Wu Chongyao, Bao Tingbo is just also. Sir is lost to business, but to win over scholars! ”
"Yuyang Mountain People Essence Record Training" Qing Guangxu Seventeenth Year Meeting Xu Shi Shu Shi Lou engraving, tablet
"Yuyang Shanren Essence Record Training" Qing Guangxu Seventeenth Annual Meeting Xu Shi Shi Lou Inscription, Volume 1
Xu Youlan has two sons, the eldest son Xu Weize and the second son Xu Zilin, who inherit the book collection business mainly from the eldest son, because Xu Youlan's collection of books is arranged by Xu Weize. Zheng Weizhang said in his writing: "Xu Youlan's bibliography, the author has seen two kinds, one is the "Shu Shi Lou Bibliography", a volume, the codex, about 250 kinds of scriptures, about 500 kinds of history departments, about 500 kinds of sub-departments, about 850 kinds of collections, a total of 2100 kinds. According to the four library divisions, the subordinates are not divided into sub-categories. The bibliography is very brief, detailing only the title, number of volumes, publications, and unsubstitution. The first is a volume of "Shu Shi Lou Collection of Books", a manuscript, and the mouth of the book has the words 'Casting Xuezhai'. This item is the book of Xu's inventory of books, which is marked with the word 'quasi' or 'counter-pin' on the square seal, and those who have the word 'quasi' are printed, which are books inserted in the shushilou, and those who have the word 'counter-pin' are all scribbled with ink and are no longer hidden in the Xu family. Those who want to find Xu Youlan Zhu Xuezhai and Shu ShiLou can refer to these two bibliographies. In addition, the author still found Xu Weize's manuscript "Shu Shi Lou Ancient Record", the mouth of the book has the words 'Casting Xue Zhai', the blue manuscript vertical grid printing paper, the bibliography is described in the Shi Lou collection of antiquities of the essence. The first list of 99 kinds of 'fine books' is the elite of Xu's collection, and the rest are all gold stones, scrolls, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting. ”
It seems that although the bibliophile is Xu Youlan, the person who is really familiar with the book collection at home is Xu Weize. So what is the focus of Xu Youlan's collection? Zheng Weizhang wrote in the text: "Judging from the manuscript "Shu Shi Lou Bibliography", Xu Youlan's collection of books does not pay attention to the Song and Yuan books, and only five or six kinds of books, such as the Yuan periodical "Zizhi Tongjian" 294 volumes, pay more attention to the collection of inscriptions, original engravings, manuscripts, manuscripts, etc., these books are also extremely valuable. In addition, Shu Shilou's collection also has the following characteristics: "In the Ming Dynasty inscriptions, Xu Youlan received a large number of Mao Jin Ji Guge carvings, which is very precious and rare. Xu also paid attention to the collection of movable type typeset copies, Japanese engravings, and Japanese movable type books. As Shen Zhifang said, Xu Youlan's collection of books is especially based on the old Tibetan manuscripts as 'exquisite', which is one of his most prominent features. ”
Regarding Xu Weize's personal book collection, Qian Bin and Song Peiji said in the article "Hooked Account of the Deeds of the Bibliophile Xu Weize": "Xu Weize's bibliography mainly has three books: First, the "ShuShilou Bibliography" is a volume, manuscript, blue grid, 11 lines, the three words 'Zhu Xuezhai' are printed under the mouth, and there are more than 2,000 kinds of four books in the collection of bibliographic history. The second is a volume of "Shu Shi Lou Collection of Books", a banknote book, which is a book for Xu's inventory of books. The third is a volume of "Shu Shi Lou Ancient Records", manuscripts, and bibliographies all describe the collection of antiquities and gold objects in Shi Lou. The best is nearly 100 kinds of 'fine books', of which more than 60 kinds of old banknotes are the top items of Xu's collection, and the rest are among the volumes, gold stone inscriptions, calligraphy and paintings. Each bibliography was compiled by Xu Weize by hand, and most of the inscriptions in the collection were written by him. ”
In addition to the collection of books, Xu Wei also likes to collect gold and stone rubbings, and has a special room "Graphite Temple". Rubbings are originally about laying paper on stone and then using ink to expand it. Xu Wei gave his own inscription such a name, which is of course very appropriate. Coincidentally, the place where I hid the inscription also has a similar name: graphite. I solemnly declare that when I started this hall number more than twenty years ago, I did not know that Xu Weize also had the same name, so I solemnly asked the Forbidden City inscription to identify mr. Zhu Jiaxuan. It seems that I have a coincidence with this Xu Wei. About twenty years ago, Luo Ji's ancestors' collections were scattered, including Xu Weize's banknotes from Shi Lou, and I was fortunate enough to buy one or two of them. This is one of the reasons why I feel kind when I come to the door of Xu Weize's former residence.
Xu Wei had close contacts with many people in the process of collecting the inscriptions, such as Zhou Xingyi, the golden stone master at that time, wrote in the "Diary of The Golden Stone": "At the age of Nongchen, in the city of Shaoxing County, there was a Jushui Chengxiang Xu with Sun Xiaolian (惟則), and a copy of the old Tuoli stele was examined and approved, and the books of the Golden Stone were examined, which was also the "Hanhua Pavilion Stele". Since the publication of Hong's "Li Shi", it has not been recorded in the books, and he died between the Song and Yuan dynasties. ”
The partition window looks inward
In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, Zhou Xingyi met Xu Weize in shaoxing city, and Xu asked him to identify a Han stele framed. After some careful examination, Zhou Xingyi said that this "Hanhua Pavilion Stele" was "pushed as a rare and lonely book in the world". It can be seen that Xu Wei has a rare treasure in the collection of Tuo. For example, on June 25, 1918, Lu Xun published an article entitled "Examination of the Newly Unearthed Lü Chao's Epitaph" in the Journal of Peking University, in which Lu Xun said: "Lü Chao's epitaph stone, in the sixth year of the Republic of China, went to the countryside in Shanyin, and Yu got a copy from Chen Jungu, which was difficult to read and placed in the middle for a long time." Next year, Mr. Xu will go to the Beijing Division with Mr. Sun and another one. Proofreading. ”
Xu Yisun in this passage is Xu Weize, in addition to Lu Xun's diary there are several records of Xu Weize's gift of rubbings, because Xu Weize worked at Peking University in 1918, so the two had a relatively close relationship. Lu Xun and Xu Wei were fellow countrymen, and Xu Wei opened the Moruntang Bookstore in Shaoxing, and Lu Xun had visited Moruntang many times to buy books. In the process of buying books, Lu Xun recorded them in his diary. For example, on July 5, 1913, Lu Xun wrote: "I also bought a ten-copy copy of the antique "Ten Rules of the West Chamber" in Moruntang, four yuan and eight corners. On December 8, 1916, Lu Xun also went to the store to buy books: "To Moruntang to buy Yuyantang ben "Shan Hai Jing" two volumes, "Zhongzhou Jinshi Ji" two volumes, "Han Xiyu Biography Supplement" a volume, a total of three yuan. ”
Another courtyard
Regarding the situation of the Moruntang Bookstore, Gu Zhixing has the following introduction in the "History of Zhejiang Books": "Xu Weize opened the Moruntang Bookstore in Xiying, Shaoxing District in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1862), and later opened a store department south of Shuichengtang, renamed Moruntang Bookstore (Xu's Zhu xuezhai is in Shuichengqiao), and Cai Yuanpei wrote the name of the store (Cai Yuanpei and Wei Ze were both Guangxu and ugly people, and they were read in Zhuxuezhai with Wei Ze, and they were books for Youlan School). In addition to purchasing books on woodcuts, lithographs and lead prints in the main port and other places, Moruntang Library also has its own workshop to engrave and print various books. ’”
It can be seen that in addition to selling books, Moruntang Bookstore will also do corresponding publishing. At the same time, new books will be purchased from other places and sold in our store. Qian Bin et al. wrote in the text: "Moruntang not only set up its own workshop and engraved various books by itself, but also purchased and sold new books from the local and foreign bookstores, including textbooks and various books in bookstores such as the Commercial Press, Zhonghua Bookstore, Sanlian, and Kaiming, and delivered books to the door according to the needs of readers." A considerable part of xu Weize's bibliography in the Records of Eastern and Western Studies is distributed by Mo Runtang and his own collection of books. ”
It is close to collapse
Regarding the subsequent ending of Moruntang, Mr. Gu Zhixing has the following statement in the "History of Zhejiang Library": "The store was closed in 1950, reopened in August 1992, and is now located in the urban pedestrian street. According to this, the Moruntang Library is also the Xu's engraving office. At the end of the books such as "Re-revising Zhou Yi Xiaoyi", "Qunshu Pick-up Supplement", "Qunshu Pick-up Supplement", and "Heavy Essay Zhai Record" in the "Shaoxing Xianzheng Testament", there are the words 'Shanyin Cai Yuanpei School'. The books inscribed by Xu Shi are all called exquisite. ”
Judging from the above situation, the relationship between Cai Yuanpei and Xu Weize is relatively special. Because from the twelfth to sixteenth years of Guangxu, Cai Yuanpei has been doing Xu Weize's companion reading. In August of the fifteenth year of Guangxu, Cai Yuanpei and Xu Wei went to the provincial capital to take the township examination together, and then the two of them were selected at the same time. The following year, Cai Yuanpei entered Beijing to participate in the examination and passed the jinshi examination, and since then, Cai Yuanpei has left the Xu family. In the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu, because of the failure of the Pengshu reform method, Cai Yuanpei returned to Shaoxing, and Xu Shulan hired him as the superintendent of the Central and Western School in Shao County. At this stage, Cai Yuanpei built a new collection of books in the academy. Today, most of the books in Yangxin's collection are preserved in the Shaoxing No. 1 Middle School Library. Under the arrangement of Mr. Fang Yuming, I saw Xu Weize's "Records of East-West Studies" donated to the school at this school.
Xu Wei donated books to Yangxin's collection
In comparison, Xu Shulan has more social influence than Xu Youlan, mainly because he built the Ancient Yue Library, which still has a great influence to this day. It may be for this reason that many sources have written that Cai Yuanpei's work in the Xu family is Xu Shulan's Ancient Yue Library. Of course, there are also reasons for this misunderstanding, mr. Zheng Weizhang made a careful analysis of this, he believes that the cause of the misjudgment is from a piece of oral history of Cai Yuanpei, Xiao Yu recorded the "Mr. Cai Xiaomin's self-report on the anecdotes of his family" wrote: "Since the age of twenty, I have not taught, I have been studying at xu family school. Shaoxing has the Xu family, which has a lot of books, and likes school books, printing books, and meeting friends with Literature, so they also hired me,...... Twenty-one, two, three, four years old, I was in the Xu family and read a lot of books. ”
The same Huang Shihui also said in the "Oral Biography of Cai Yuanpei": "The widow is twenty years old, studied in the Xu clan of the same village, and is also engraved by the school. Xu Jiafu collected books, because of the exposition, the study of great progress. ”
In these two paragraphs, Cai Yuanpei only said that he wrote and inscribed books in xujia, but did not say whether Xu Shulan or Xu Youlan, and later scholars will assume that this is Xu Shulan. For example, Uncle Gao Ping said in his compilation of the "Annals of Cai Yuanpei": "In 1886 (the twelfth year of Qing Guangxu, Chengshu) was twenty years old, and xu Shulan, a fellow villager, had a very rich collection of books, and liked to print books. Because of his relationship with the sixth uncle Ming'en, who was once a teacher of Xu JiaShu, he was invited to Xu's 'Ancient Yue Library' to edit the engraved books for him. From 1886 to 1889, he studied at the Xu family, so he was able to read a wide range of books and make great progress in his studies. ”
And the "Annals of Cai Yuanpei" written by Tao Yinghui published in Taiwan also said: "Guangxu twelve years old (1886) twenty years old, studied in the hometown Xu Shulan family for five years, Xu's character Zhongfan, the number of the inspection ... The family history has the ancient Yue library, which has a lot of books, and likes to school books, print books, and meet friends with Literature, so he also hired Mr. Yan. On the one hand, he studied for him, and on the other hand, he read a lot of books and made great progress in his knowledge. ”
For these statements, Mr. Zheng Weizhang corrected them with three historical facts, the third of which was: "Cai Yuanpei simply could not have read and proofread in Xu Shulan's Ancient Yue Library during these five years." As mentioned earlier, Xu Shulan is one of the pioneers of modern library in China, but he is not an authentic bibliophile, he neither proofreads nor engraves books, and all the documents do not record that Xu Shulan's ancient Yue Library has had school books and carved books. Moreover, according to Zhang Jian's "Records of the Ancient Yue Library", the preparatory work for the construction of this building was assembled in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900) and completed in the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903), and Xu Shulan submitted a submission to the local authorities in April of the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902) to open the Guyue Library. This is more than ten years after Cai Yuanpei studied and studied in the Xu family. ”
Not only did Xu Youlan know very little in later generations, but his son Xu Wei was also little known. For example, the great bibliophile Li Shengduo received a manuscript of the "Bibliography of ShushiLou", but he did not know who the owner of the building was. Li Shengduo wrote the following inscription on the bibliography: "This bibliography is a volume, I don't know whose clan is hiding, I mean that it will be sold or entrusted to the appraiser on that day, and I will not remember it." The books listed in the catalogue focus on the needs of use, regardless of the distance of the school engraving, but there are also one or two secret banknotes engraved in the Ming Dynasty, and the collection of books is tens of thousands of volumes and the name is very regrettable. I don't know who is paying the banknotes, there are more than ten kinds of shilou banknotes, and the letter is a volume, inscribed on the shilou banknotes, or that is, the bibliophile? Gu remembers this to be examined. Three days before the Mid-Autumn Festival. ”
As mentioned earlier, Xu Wei not only collected books, he also sold books, and even compiled and published books. The most famous book he wrote was the "Records of The Study of East and West Studies", and for the value of this book, Cai Yuanpei had the following statement in the preface of the book: "The sea is forbidden, the Western Confucianism is heeled, the official private translation of the book and hundreds, the "Outline of the Translation of the Book" by The English Fu Lan Yashi tastes its purpose, and the school of the "Book of Interpretation" and participates in the purpose of the "Answer to the Question". Later, or originally thought to be a separate part of the residence, supplementary yi, brown essence, system reading, the horse is blue wins and ice is cold. My friend Xu Zi thought that he had not prepared, self-deleted the essentials of the notes, and the experts on the side said that he imitated the example of the "Concise Catalogue of the Four Libraries of the Whole Book" as a book record, filled in the gaps between the two families and continued to use the new books and the works of the Easterners in recent years, and all the books that are senseless, repetitive, and mutual proof are all said to be clear. The book of the two families of the husband and wife benefits the scholars to see the results, get the book of Xu Zi and be detailed and prepared, according to the figure, there is no regret, the axiom of the cover is gradually clear, the birth of the untrue work is fading, and the simple and useful book is handed out, and the Ni Wu of Guangxue is the coupon. ”
It seems that Xu Wei compiled this book to synthesize the experience of his predecessors, and then used the Chinese method to compile a Western-style bibliography, making the book a rather practical book. After some combing, Xu Wei had a general understanding of the Western studies translated by China, so he wrote in the narrative: "Speech and government take the book of public law and axiom as the pivot, and the study of speech takes the book of grace and arithmetic as the key." Eastern and Western translators in China, ding yunliang, the ancient city of Zhenji is better than public law, Li Timothy and Lin Lezhi are good at political affairs, and Fu Lanya has been in the bureau for the longest time and has translated the most books. The books of arithmetic can be prepared, but the books of public law, axioms, and grace are very rare in China, and later translators should pay attention to Yus. ”
It can be seen that When Xu Wei compiled such a book, he could clearly realize the deviations that China had produced in translating Western works, and he also had a special respect for Western libraries: "How can a person become a scholar when he is isolated?" Although there are few translations, it is easy to prepare for the purchase of bandits, Mo Ruoguan set up a library building, and most of the people who enter the West to study in the West donate to the library building as a good deed, or dozens or more people jointly set up a society to comprehensively purchase pictures and books, and they exchanged regrets, and things were easier and more effective. ”
Xu Weize's "Narrative" was written in the first month of the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu, and it seems that at that time he did not know the name of the Western public library building and called it the library. But he felt that such public facilities were very useful for enlightening the people's wisdom, and he did not know whether his concept was influenced by his uncle Xu Shulan, or perhaps he influenced Xu Shulan.
Xu Wei wrote the "Supplementary Edition of the Book of Eastern and Western Studies"
The cover of the book is stamped with the Yangxin Book Collection
Xu Shulan wrote the words
Because of the compilation of this book, Xu Wei realized that after all, people's vision is limited, and he could not accept all kinds of translations produced at that time, so he came up with a new method. Xu Wei made an updated edition after the publication of the book "Records of Eastern and Western Studies", and since then he has discovered some new translations. He felt that he could not collect all of these books, so he wrote a "General Principles of the New Books of Guangqing", in which he said: "Wei Ze compiled and printed the "Records of The Study of East and West Studies" at the age of The Old Japanese, compiled the old Japanese translations, do not dwell in the ministry, analyze them into three volumes, go back to the old years and Gu Junding Mei XieGuang, the eyes can see several times the previous books, called the "Supplementary Edition of the Book of The Study of The East and the West", scheduled to be published in February, but the more new books, the less financial resources, the more secluded the residence, the more limited, the more difficult it is to increase the number of new books, the more difficult it is to move the thoughts of the broad questions, and to create the meaning of the combination. The special outline is as follows: Our people and the compilation bureaus in various localities are known for their love and enthusiasm, and those who usually see and translate by hand as clumsy records have not received, essay summaries, streams of mail, or clumsy records, strength instructions, accumulation of days into a book, less for the addition of supplements and printing to line, more than one volume of "Book World" a month, thinking that the national teaching before the guide, fortunately very fortunate. ”
It seems that this Xu Wei really has a way, and his method can be called a wide mobilization of the masses, he asked the crowd to supplement the newly discovered translations, and then the discoverer wrote a normative summary, wrote it and sent it to himself, and then he himself published the supplement. In order to be able to standardize the body, Xu Wei listed eight requirements for writing a book in the General Principles, which shows that his approach was well thought-out. Even more rare is that he lists correspondence addresses at the end of the General Principles so that those involved can send the work to him. This address became the specific address of the bookstore he opened in later generations: "Living in the Tiger Bridge of Shaoxing Province, the letter was sent to the Moruntang Bookstore of The City of Shaoxing Province. ”
I have never collected Xu Weize's "Records of Eastern and Western Studies", but fortunately, I saw this book in the Shaoxing No. 1 Middle School Library. Although this is only a lithograph, it is the most important bibliography of Western translations of the Qing Dynasty. Xiong Yuezhi's book "Bibliography of Late Qingxue" edited by Xiong Yuezhi ranks Xu Weize's "Supplementary Edition of the Bibliography of Eastern and Western Studies" at the forefront. This can also show that Xu Wei has made great contributions to the study of catalog versioning, and such an important figure cannot be left in the dust of history under any circumstances. I really hope that the relevant departments can restore his old residence and let future generations have one more place to pay homage to this sage.