Generally speaking, manufacturers with knives will take the drawings to us, but we get a workpiece drawing will face how to match, with those tools is the first time we have to think of the problem, the following on my experience wrote about the knife matching program, I hope to be able to help the new people!
First, how to distinguish the type of machinery it processes and the criteria for selection
1) Commonly used in machining is: turning, milling, drilling, grinding, planing. But most of what we do is turning, milling, drilling, etc. How do I know which machining centers are machining (milling machines)? Which are CNC lathes (ordinary lathes)? As anyone who has contact in this line knows, most of the parts are two kinds: one is the box (hybrid); the other is the disk shaft. The box is relatively complex to need more than a dozen or very many kinds of tools to process, such as machining centers can be completed, most of the disk shaft class is relatively single, the tool is relatively small is the production of fir, such as CNC lathe processing (or ordinary lathe processing), but usually there will be such a situation, there is a combination of the box and the plate, it is easy to confuse people, in fact, we just have the heart to think about it or can be distinguished, that is, the general factory habit is, first obey the turning and then milling processing. Due to the low cost of lathes, the cost of processing is relatively low.
Second), from the experience of the knife matching scheme I understand, there are the following selection methods
1, first of all, according to the requirements of the drawing processing, understand the process of its processing, from the surface to the point and step by step to select the tool, quite do not pay attention to:
(1), when the car I am round, we should pay attention to imitation processing and grooving, we must avoid the contact between the back of the knife back and the workpiece, the lathe is most considered to be in contact with each side and chip removal, etc. If you can avoid its processed surface, or the tip of the knife can complete its cutting route is to meet the processing requirements.
(2), milling most of the consideration is the accuracy of imitation and processing, there are a variety of special requirements, the following will be elaborated, here is not the table.
2, when many kinds of tools can meet the processing requirements, we must consider from two aspects
(1) Our current inventory, which is preferred, because this can reduce our inventory
(2), the selection cost is relatively low, so that customers can accept our price, the odds are relatively large.
3, when matching the knife, we must know: which are the consumption is relatively large? Are these one-time orders or infrequent orders?
(1), if the customer first considers the price, then choose a one-time order or less order, you have to choose a cheaper, more choose Taiwan's knife holder, etc.,
(2), if the customer first considers the quality of the processing, it is better to choose a better one, that is, the knife shaft should choose the original import
(3), blades and other consumables are the main source of our future development, the selected brand must be our advantage, it is best that only we have, so that others have not been replaced, just like Sandvik, most of the knives they choose are only they have, other products are difficult to replace, but other brands he can replace.
Second, some common sense about lathes
Some models of the turning tool class and the models of the family can be replaced by each other, such as: the largest amount of external round turning tool and inner hole turning tool are selected according to ISO standards. In other words, KYOCERA's knife body can be fitted with KOTLOY blades. The reverse is the same. The main differences between the same models are: the base metal of the insert, the cutting groove, etc. and the coating, except for non-standard tools. Grooving knives, cutting knives and threading knives are generally not compatible with other families (that is, KYOCERA) knives can only be equipped with KYOCERA blades, and KORLOY knives can only be equipped with KOLOY blades, ) Iska's overlord knife is now the strongest grooving tool in the tool industry.
1) Outer circle turning tool:
The composition of the outer circular tool holder is composed of: the pressing method of the tool shaft (P, S, C, D, M, S), the height of the tool shaft (12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, etc.) and the width (12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, etc.), the main declination angle of the tool holder (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, etc.), the rear angle of the contact between the tool shaft and the blade and the related angle (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, N, P, O) The total length of the tool shaft (F, H, K, M, N, P, Q, S, etc.). (The height and width are determined by the machine tool, and the first set of numbers represents the center height of the tool on the lathe, which must be met first.) The second set of numbers is that the width of the tool can be appropriately widened or narrowed), and the drawing of the workpiece determines the main declination angle and insert of the turning tool. Blade in conventional (C diamond 80 ° D diamond 55 ° V diamond 35 ° S positive quadrilateral type W equilateral unequal triangle type, T equilateral triangle type)
2) Inner hole turning tool:
When selecting the inner hole knife, it is necessary to understand the diameter and depth of the customer's drawings, and at the same time to understand the existing tool sleeve of the factory, according to the tool design, it is known that the general steel structure car can only extend 3 times the diameter of its knife body (its code is no special code representation); the general vibration-resistant turning tool can extend 5 times the diameter of the knife body (its code is E), and the all-cemented carbide inner hole turning tool can extend its knife body 7 times (its code is W); in the processing of deep holes and need better surface finish, Be sure to choose a knife body with oil holes (its code name is generally with H), and the value of the note is that some knives should have a right-handed knife with a left-handed blade, and a left-handed knife with a right-hand blade. Dressing with brand to go blackheads the most effective product eye mask factory rental to wrinkle to remove red blood which is the best toothbrush which brand is good
3) Groove knife:
To know the width and depth of the drawing and the direction of cutting, the cutting direction is: external groove knife, inner hole groove knife, end face groove knife and so on. Machining end grooves should also know the diameter of their machining, because the end face groove knife has the limitation of the minimum diameter and maximum diameter of the machining. When the diameter of the workpiece is small, it can be used as a cutting knife, but pay attention to its machining requirements.
4), cutting sword
Under the premise of cutting conditions permitting, try to select a cutting knife with a small insert width to meet the requirements of reducing processing costs.
5) Thread turning tool
There are many kinds of threads, and the drawings generally encountered now are metric and imperial with other threads. It is divided into <M metric teeth, UN inch teeth, G (PF) functional parallel teeth, W is Maxwell, RC(PT) tapered tube teeth, NPT American tapered tube teeth, TR30 ° trapezoidal teeth >
Third, about some tool common sense used in machining centers
1) Milling cutter
1. Integral end mill
End milling cutters are mainly divided into high-speed steel milling cutters, all-carbide milling cutters, welded end mills, considering the wear resistance of the tool and the machinability of high hardness materials, adding a variety of coating series, common are TIN, TICN and ALTICN. It is also divided into double-edged knives and multi-edged knives, etc., when selecting end milling cutters, the following aspects should be paid attention to: First, in general, the number of edges is small, the chip groove is large, the discharge of chips can be relatively smooth, but at the same time, the cross-sectional area of the tool is small, the rigidity of the cutter body is low, and the cutter body is easy to bend in cutting.
On the contrary, if the number of blades increases and the cross-sectional area of the tool increases, the rigidity of the knife body will increase, but the chip carrier will become smaller, the chip containment force will be reduced, and it is easy to lead to chip blockage and reduce the surface finish of the workpiece. The shorter the blade, the greater the rigidity of the tool body and the better the cutting performance. The rigidity of the end mill is inversely proportional to the 3rd power of the edge length (overhang length). Therefore, if the blade length (suspension length) is doubled, the rigidity of the knife body will be reduced to 1/8 of the original. It is very important that the end mill is a tool used radially, and if the edge length of the end milling cutter greatly exceeds the necessary cutting length, it will have a negative impact on the milling cutter and performance.
2. Insert milling cutter
(1) Mandrel milling cutter
Compared with the cutterhead inserts, the clamping method is different, and the milling cutter cutters of the mandrel are mainly side-fixed clamps, and the others are similar to the cutterheads.
(2) Cutterhead class
Cutterhead milling cutters mainly take into account the angle of the contact surface between the tool and the workpiece, generally (45 ° 75 ° 90 °)
b) Drill bits
(1) Straight-handled drill bit
Drill bit in the tool is the most demanding, but in reality many people will not consider so much, now the factory use of drill bits mainly high-speed steel drill bits and carbide drill bits in general, the diameter is greater than D25 or more is very little carbide body.
(2) Tapered handle drill bit
The drill bit of the cone handle is mainly the tool holder of high-speed steel, and the diameter of the tool is relatively large, because the connection method of the cone handle is relatively tight. To know the taper number of its tool (1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#)
3) Silk tapping
(1) Spiral silk tapping
Spiral tapping is a tool specializing in the processing of gimperche threads, because the main difficulty of the borehole and through hole is that the former is more difficult to discharge chips, while the latter does not have to consider the chip evacuation problem, spiral tapping is very helpful for chip evacuation.
(2) Straight groove silk tapping
Generally, straight groove tapping is manual tapping and machined through-hole threads.
4) Chamfering knife:
To know the largest and smallest angles of its inverting, we must also understand how many degrees of angles are inverted
5) Reamer
(1) Straight-handled reamer
The reamer is a finishing tool, and its requirements are relatively high, and we must know the accuracy and processing depth required by its drawings.
(2) Cone-handled reamer
The requirement method is the same as the straight handle, except that its connection method is a cone handle, and its number is 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5 #
Fourth, non-standard categories
Gun drill class: to understand the connection and diameter of its handle, but also to know the material of its processing. It is best to have drawings of workpieces and gun drills.
Other categories: such as drilling and hinginge, composite drill bits, etc. should be done according to the drawings. I won't go into detail here
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