Today is, Tuesday, November 9th, 2021. Today, let's talk about the rise and fall of the Great Qin Empire. When it comes to the Great Qin Empire, Qin Shi Huang is a figure that must be talked about, and it is said that success is also Xiao He, and defeat is also Xiao He. The Great Qin Empire, what is not, is also the first emperor, and the defeat is also the first emperor.
The image comes from the Internet
Qin Shi Huang was born in the Zhao state of Handan Kuocheng, and in May of the third year (247 BC) of King Xiang of Qin, King Zhuang Xiang died, and the 13-year-old Qin Shi Huang was made the King of Qin. Because I was young at the time, I was not more important. Zun Lü Buwei is the middle father, equivalent to the current uncle. All major state affairs are decided by Lü Buwei. In the eighth year of Qin Shi Huang (239 BC), Qin Shi Huang was almost 21 years old and was about to personally deal with major state affairs, but at this time, a fierce political struggle occurred in the Qin state.
Because Lü Buwei was not only dealing with major state affairs, but also secretly having an affair with Qin Shi Huang's mother. Slowly Qin Shi Huang grew up, afraid of being discovered by Qin Shi Huang, wanting to leave Qin Shi Huang's mother, and afraid of Qin Shi Huang's mother resentful. He took off his own protégé, plucked off his beard and eyebrows, dressed up as a eunuch, and dedicated it to Qin Shi Huang's mother as a male pet, for Qin Shi Huang's mother to have sexual pleasure.
Qin Shi Huang grew up slowly, and Qin Shi Huang's mother was also pregnant with Yan Yi's child, afraid of being discovered, Qin Shi Huang's mother told Qin Shi Huang that the feng shui of the palace where she lived was not good, and she wanted to move to another place. Qin Shi Huang agreed, so they moved to the palace in Yong County, and as a result, Qin Shi Huang's mother and Yan Yi gave birth to two illegitimate children, and Yan Yi has always regarded herself as Qin Shi Huang's false father, and Yan Yi scolded a minister after a drunken drink: "I am the false father of Qin Shi Huang, you dare to provoke me!" The minister was very angry after hearing this, and secretly found an opportunity to tell Qin Shi Huang about the relationship between Concubine Yi and the empress, and Qin Shi Huang was very angry when he heard about it, and Yan Yi panicked and prepared to rebel. At that time, with the help of the empress dowager, she was given the title of Marquis of Changxin, and her territory included Shanyang and Taiyuan. Running in the yong county, Yan Yi established a huge influence and was a powerful political force in the Qin state after Lü Buwei.
In the eighth year of the First Emperor (239 BC), Qin Shi Huang's younger brother Chang'an Jun Chengyu led a large army to attack the Zhao state, and halfway through the march, a rebellion began, and after Qin Shi Huang's army captured Tunliu, Cheng Yu's subordinates who participated in the rebellion were all beheaded and executed, and the people of Tunliu were exiled to Lintao. After Cheng Yu defected to the Zhao Kingdom, King Xiang of Zhao gave Rao the title of Cheng Yu.
In the ninth year of the First Emperor (238 BC), Qin Shi Huang held a crown ceremony at the Punian Palace in Yongxian County. Yan Yi used the Imperial Seal of the King of Qin and the Imperial Seal of Qin Shi Huang's mother to launch a rebellion and attacked the Pu Nian Palace. Qin Shi Huang had already arranged three thousand elite soldiers in the Pu Nian Palace and defeated the rebels. Yan Yi turned to attack the Xianyang Palace, where there was also an army arranged by Qin Shi Huang, and Yan Yi fled alone, and it was not long before he was arrested. Qin Shi Huang split the car and exposed the body to the public; he also imprisoned his mother Zhao Ji in the Yangyang Palace in Yong County; and threw to death the two illegitimate sons born to Heran Yi and Qin Shi Huang's mother.
In the tenth year of the First Emperor (237 BC), Qin Shi Huang relieved Lü Buwei of his position and exiled Lü Buwei to Bashu. Lü Buwei knew that his relationship with Qin Shi Huang was irretrievable, so he committed suicide by drinking poisoned wine. Later, although The Qin Emperor obeyed the words of the nobles of the Qin State and issued an "order to evict guests" and expelled the diners of the Six Kingdoms, he was dissuaded by Li Si's "Book of Expulsion of Guests", and he later reused Wei Ji, Li Si and others.
By the time Qin Shi Huang succeeded to the throne, the State of Qin had already annexed Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, crossed the Wancheng City in the southwest to Yingdu, and set up Nan Commandery; to the east of The County, there were Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang Counties; and to the east was Xingyang. And swallowed up for two weeks, and set up Mikawa County in its hometown. After Qin Shi Huang came to power, he appointed Wei Ji and Li Si and others to actively promote the unification strategy. In the eleventh year of the First Emperor (236 BC), a war broke out between Zhao and Yan. The State of Zhao sent troops to attack the State of Yan, and in the name of saving the State of Yan, the State of Qin sent Wang Qi and other generals to attack the State of Zhao separately, and successively captured the State of Zhao's Fuhe, Suiyang (northwest of Nanyang), Hejian (southeast of Xianxian County, Hebei Province), and Anyang (southeast of Yangyuan County, Hebei), and the Zhangshui River Basin was already occupied by the State of Qin. In the thirteenth year of the First Emperor (234 BC), the State of Qin launched another major attack on the State of Zhao, establishing Yanmen Commandery and Yunzhong Commandery with the Zhao territory it had taken.
In the sixteenth year of the First Emperor (231 BC), the State of Wei was forced to dedicate part of its land to the State of Qin, and Korea was also forced to dedicate Nanyang to the State of Qin. Qin sent Nei Shi Teng to do the Nanyang False Guard. In the seventeenth year of the First Emperor (230 BC), the Qin faction of Nei Shi Teng attacked Han, captured Han Wang An, and established Yingchuan County in Han, and Korea was destroyed.
In the eighteenth year of the First Emperor (229 BC), the Qin general Wang Qi led his soldiers straight down to Jingxing (west of Jingxing County, Hebei Province), and the Qin general Yang Duanhe led the Hanoi army into the Siege of the Zhao capital Handan. Zhao Guo sent Li Mu and Sima Shang to lead a large army to resist. Guo Kai, the favored minister of king Zhao, accepted bribes from the state of Qin and spread rumors that Li Mu and Sima Shang were plotting rebellion. Therefore, the King of Zhao replaced Li Mu and Sima Shang with Zhao Liang and Yan Ju, and killed Li Mu. In the nineteenth year of the First Emperor (228 BC), the Zhao army was destroyed, and Wang Qi and Qiang Zhen took all the Zhao land and captured the King of Zhao. Qin Shi Huang personally went to Handan, killed his enemies when he was living in Handan as a child, and then returned from Taiyuan and Shangjun. Zhao Gongzijia led hundreds of his clan to flee to Dai County in the Zhao State and established himself as the Acting King. The State of Qin established Handan Commandery in the area around the Zhao capital Handan.
In the twentieth year of the First Emperor (227 BC), Qin Shi Huang sent the generals Wang Qi and Xin Sheng to attack the Yan state. The Yan and Dai sent troops to resist, but were defeated by the Qin army west of Yishui. The following year, the Qin army captured the Yan capital Jicheng. King Yan moved his capital to Liaodong. Qin led Li Xin in pursuit, and King Xi of Yan obeyed Wang Jia's plan, killed Prince Dan, and offered Prince Dan's head to Qin Shi Huang for peace.
In the twenty-first year of the First Emperor (226 BC), a rebellion broke out in the capital of Korea, and the Qin state sent troops to quell the rebellion in Korea and took the opportunity to execute Han Wang An.
In the twenty-second year of the First Emperor (225 BC), Qin Shi Huang sent the general Wang Ben to attack Wei, besieged the Wei capital Daliang (Kaifeng City), diverted the Yellow River to irrigate the city, and for three months the city of Daliang was damaged, the King of Wei surrendered, and the State of Wei was destroyed. Qin Shi Huang established Yan Commandery (砀郡) in the eastern part of Wei. In the same year, Qin Shi Huang sent Li Xin and Meng Tian to lead an army of 200,000 to attack the Chu state. Li Xin attacked the Chu state of Pingyu (平yu County north) and Meng Tian attacked the Chu state of Pingyu (Linquan County, Anhui), achieving initial victory. The armies of the Qin and Chu armies met at Chengfuyi (城父邑, in present-day Bozhou, Anhui Province), and the Chu army took advantage of the qin army's lack of preparation to launch a counterattack and defeated the Qin army. Qin Shi Huang then sent Wang Qi and Meng Wu with an army of 600,000 to destroy the Chu army at Yu Pu (蕲, southeast of present-day Suzhou, Anhui), forcing the Chu general Xiang Yan to commit suicide. Then the Qin army invaded the Chu capital Shouchun and captured the Chu king. The State of Qin established Jiujiang Commandery (Anhui Shou County) and Changsha Commandery (Changsha City, Hunan) in Chu Prefecture.
In the twenty-fifth year of the First Emperor (222 BC), Wang Qi pacified the Southern Chu region, surrendered to the king of the Yue state, set up Huiji Commandery, and the Chu state collapsed. While destroying Chu, Qin Shi Huang continued to expand eastward, successively setting up counties, and capturing Ludi, setting up Xue County (Qufu, Shandong). In the same year, Qin Shi Huang sent Wang Ben to attack Yan's Liaodong, capture Yan Wang Xi, and destroy the Yan state. He then returned to attack The State of Dai, captured Wang Jia of Dai, and established Dai Commandery (southwest of Wei County, Hebei) and Liaodong Commandery (the old town of Liaoyang, Liaoning Province).
In the 26th year of the First Emperor (221 BC), the Qin general Wang Ben attacked the State of Qi from the south of the Yan State, captured Wang Jian of Qi, destroyed the State of Qi, and established Qi Commandery (northeast of Zibo City, Shandong) and Lang evil County (Xiahe City, southwest of Jiaonan County, Shandong) in Qi's old lands.
From the seventeenth year of the First Emperor (230 BC) to the end of the Qi Dynasty, the State of Qin spent 10 years successively annexing the Six Kingdoms, and then began to pacify the Southern Baiyue in the twenty-eighth year of the First Emperor (219 BC). Since then, Qin Shi Huang has completed the great cause of reunification and entered the imperial era.
After the unification of the Six Kingdoms, all kinds of schools and talents who were strongly opposed by the Shang Martingale Transformation Law came to serve the Qin State, and it is possible that Qin Shi Huang adopted the "Shang Martingale Transformation Method with Qin Characteristics", resulting in the prevalence of various superstitions in the Qin Empire. Among them, the Huang Lao Daoists and the Yin and Yang Families, who synthesized the teachings of Confucianism, Law, and Taoism, put forward the so-called "Five Virtues And Finally Speaking", especially the trust of Qin Shi Huang, who then believed that Qin was water virtue, Zhou was fire virtue, and water could overcome fire, so Qin won the world.
The Confucian alchemists from Qi Yan also made a modification of the Confucian "sealing Zen", which is rumored to be held by the ancient emperors. From the 27th year of the First Emperor (219 BC) to the 32nd year of the First Emperor (215 BC), Qin Shi Huang continued to cruise to the eastern coast, the Jianghuai River Valley and the northern part, and everywhere he went, there were carved stones to praise his merits.
In the later period of his reign, Qin Shi Huang was obsessed with the art of immortality and believed in the number of lives. It is also said that there are three islands on the sea, Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, which are the places where the gods and immortals live, and there is "immortal medicine", and after taking it, you can "live forever". Qin Shi Huang wanted to become a "immortal" immortal. Some of the strange and pedantic people, such as Lu Sheng, Han Zhong, Xu Fu, and Hou Sheng, all defected to the Qin Dynasty.
Lu Sheng persuaded Qin Shi Huang: "We have been looking for Lingzhi, strange medicines and immortals, and we have not been able to find them, there must be something that is compatible with them." We recommend that you travel in secret from time to time to drive out evil spirits. The evil spirits avoided them, and the immortals would come. If you let your courtiers know about the place where you live, it will hinder your interaction with the gods, and I hope that the palace you live in will not let others know. In this way, the medicine of immortality may be available. Qin Shi Huang declared to the outside world: "I admire the immortals and the real people, and I myself am called 'real people', and I am no longer called 'Yuan'." Qin Shi Huang also ordered that the two hundred and seventy palaces and temples within two hundred miles of Xianyang be connected to each other by overpasses and Yongdao, and that the draperies, bells, drums, and beauties should be placed inside, and that they should not be moved according to the registered locations. Wherever the emperor went, if anyone spoke out, he was sentenced to death.
Xu Fu and others went into the sea to look for immortal medicine, and spent a lot of time and money and did not find it. Fearing punishment, he deceived Qin Shi Huang and said, "There are three sacred mountains in the sea." But we were often plagued by big sharks, so we couldn't get there. It is hoped that the emperor will send people who are good at shooting to go with them, and when they encounter a large shark, they will shoot it with a crossbow with continuous fire. "It just so happened that Qin Shi Huang dreamed of fighting with the sea god, whose shape was similar to that of a human. Dr. Zhan Meng said: "The water god was originally invisible, he used the big fish dragon as a detective. Now the emperor's sacrifice is thoughtful and respectful, but this evil god has appeared, and only by getting rid of it can we find the true good god. So Qin Shi Huang ordered the people who entered the sea to carry the tools to catch the big fish, and personally took the crossbow to shoot a big fish. Qin Shi Huang sent him to lead three thousand boys and girls, took a boat into the sea to find the Immortal Mountain, and then did not know the end, perhaps shipwrecked, or drifted to settle on an island, the latter is more likely, folklore is to go to Japan.
In the thirty-second year of the First Emperor (215 BC), Qin Shi Huang also made the Yan people Lu Sheng ask for traces of immortals such as Envy Gate and Gao Oath, and later Made Han Tong, Hou Gong, and Shi Sheng ask for immortal medicine. For Qin Shi Huang's behavior, there were also Confucians who expressed advice, and Dr. Qi Ren Chun Yuyue suggested that shi huang still implement the policy of dividing the sons of the clan as princes, and shi huang handed it over to his subordinates for discussion. Prime Minister Lees objected. Li Si's deliberations led to the qin shi huang emperor ordering the burning of books and banning books, stipulating that history books should not be burned in the Qin Dynasty; those who were not doctoral officials, those who dared to collect "poems", "books", and "treatises" in the world, Xi Yishou and Wei Zao, those who dared to occasionally speak "poems" and "books" should abandon the city; those who were not modern in ancient times, the clan. The official who sees that he who does not do so is guilty of the same sin. Order the next thirty days not to burn, the tuo for the city. Quasi-conservator, the book of the planting of trees by the medicine buddy. If you wish to learn the law, you will take the official as your teacher.
Qin Shi Huang already felt deceived in his heart, so he ordered Yu Shi to question the students and expose each other that more than 460 people were implicated, and Qin Shi Huang ordered them all to be buried alive in Xianyang. Some people believe that the "Records of History" records that Qin Shi Huang pit killed warlocks, not Confucians, but according to the "History of Qin Shi Huang Benji" record that qin shi huang pit killed people "all chanted Confucius".
In the thirty-seventh year of the First Emperor (210 BC), Qin Shi Huang died at the Dune Palace (present-day Guangzong County, Xingtai, Hebei Province) on his fifth eastern tour. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, Zhao Gao persuaded Hu Hai to threaten Li Si, and the two conspired in the Dune Palace to fake Qin Shi Huang to issue an edict, in which Hu Hai would inherit the throne, and also accused Fu Su of being unfilial as a son and a disloyal subject in the name of Qin Shi Huang, forcing them to commit suicide and not disobeying. After receiving the exact news of Fu Su's suicide, Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, and Li Si ordered the convoy to travel day and night and quickly return to Xianyang.
In order to continue to deceive the subjects, the convoy did not dare to take a shortcut back to Xianyang, but instead posed as a continued patrol and took a detour back to Xianyang. Due to the high temperature of the summer, the body of Qin Shi Huang had rotted and stinked. In order to cover people's eyes, Hu Hai ordered people to buy a lot of "abalone" to load on the car, and the smell of "abalone" covered up the putrefaction of the corpse and confused everyone.
After returning to Xianyang, Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and became Qin II, Zhao Gaoren Lang Zhongling, Li Si still served as a chancellor, but the power of the imperial court actually fell to Zhao Gaoshi. After Zhao Gao's conspiracy succeeded, he began to poison the people around him. He laid a trap and gradually forced Li Si to death, and after Li Si discovered Zhao Gao's plot, he wrote to zhao Gao. Hu Hai of Qin II not only favored Zhao Gao, but also punished Li Si, and finally beheaded Li Si at Xianyang. Zhao Gao was promoted to the position of Chancellor, and because he could enter and leave the palace, he was especially known as "Zhongxiang Xiang". The Great Qin Empire, under the control of Zhao Gao, gradually came to an end.
Talking about this reminds me of a poem written by Chairman Mao. Emperor Han Wu of Qin, slightly lost wencai; Tang Zong songzu, slightly inferior; a generation of tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knew how to bend the bow and shoot the big eagle. As powerful as the Qin State, it is really sad and lamentable that because of the feudal superstitions of Qin Shi Huang, it led to the demise of the Great Qin Empire!