Recently, the "Fannabin Shrimp Ecological Breeding Model" developed by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Yellow Sea Institute) passed the on-site acceptance. This model uses saline-alkali land to cultivate Penaeus vannabine shrimp, with salinity above 42‰ by inoculating brine worms, and salinity below 42‰ by inoculating cockroaches and algae hook shrimp, saving the use of artificial compound feed. After 3-4 months of breeding, the yield of saline water mu, which was not suitable for aquaculture, can reach more than 60 kg. In addition, the aquaculture wastewater is not discharged back to the sea and eventually becomes coarse salt in the salt pond.
<b>Vannabin shrimp saline water aquaculture pond</b>
Nowadays, the national saline-alkali land area of 1.48 billion mu (if the national promotion of shrimp farming 88.8 million tons), Shandong Province has more than 10 million mu of saline-alkali land, if it can be effectively developed and breeding fine breeding, the industrialization prospects are huge. This breeding mode improves the utilization value of saline-alkali land along the Yellow Bohai Sea coast, increases the production and income of the majority of shrimp farmers and enterprises, and can reduce the possibility of eutrophication of water bodies from the source, enhance the resistance and stress resistance of farmed shrimp, improve the quality of shrimp, and have good ecological benefits and economic value.
<b>One of the important aquaculture species in The country</b>
Shrimp has always been an important species in domestic aquaculture, as early as the 1980s, the country began to cultivate, is a high protein, low fat, taste and nutrition of the food. With the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for food from high-quality protein sources is also increasing, and the production of aquaculture has increased year by year, only one kind of Vanabin shrimp, and the domestic aquaculture output has reached 1.67 million tons in 2017.
<b>Vannabin shrimp</b>
Penaeus vannas, also known as Penaeus vannamei, is currently the highest yielding species among the three major farmed shrimps in the world, and is also one of the most important economic shrimp in the world. Since its introduction to China, because of its fast growth rate, strong adaptability, short growth cycle, strong disease resistance, low environmental requirements, long survival time and other advantages have been rapidly developed, has now become the main shrimp breeding species in China, the current amount of shrimp farming accounts for more than 70% of China's shrimp farming. Since its introduction, its seedling and breeding technology have been improved, and the scale of breeding has been gradually expanded in Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other regions of China.
<b>Culture can be carried out in saline and alkaline water bodies</b>
Shandong Province is the birthplace of China's shrimp farming industry and a major province for shrimp farming. Shandong Province has more than 10 million mu of saline low-lying wasteland, due to the complex chemical composition of saline and alkali water quality, compared with ordinary aquaculture water, some ion content of individual water bodies is several times higher than dozens of times or even higher, and some ions are seriously missing, which are embodied in production as high salinity, high alkalinity, and high pH characteristics, resulting in the inability to plant most cash crops in saline-alkali land, and it is not suitable for the breeding of most aquatic product species. Currently, most saline land is idle.
Vanabin shrimp is a broad saline shrimp, is one of the main aquatic animals that can be cultured in saline water bodies, and has developed rapidly in saline waters in recent years. By migrating saline-tolerant shrimp species to saline-alkali waters and improving water quality, the development and utilization rate of land resources in saline-alkali areas can be improved, and the economic benefits can be significantly improved. However, in the process of saline water aquaculture, there are still problems such as slow growth rate, poor stress resistance and serious inbreeding decline, resulting in the healthy development of the saline water aquaculture industry of Vannabin shrimp facing huge hidden dangers, and it is difficult to grow up or the quality and yield after growing up are low. At present, while selecting and breeding good species, China has also begun to study shrimp farming and ecology, established a variety of breeding models such as ecological breeding and intensive breeding, and built an environment-friendly aquaculture industry.
The Yellow Sea Institute selected the most representative Bohai Fisheries Co., Ltd. as the project implementation unit, using its 300,000 mu of aquaculture area, selected the breeding ponds of different salinity as experimental fields, put them in batches, and conducted experiments many times, and obtained scientific and comprehensive research results. As a representative enterprise of Vannabin shrimp pond aquaculture in northern China, as well as a provincial agricultural industrialization and poverty alleviation leading enterprise, Zhang Rongan, head of Bohai Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., said that as the implementation unit of the project, the company will make full use of the advantages of the industrial chain to effectively control and connect the extraction of seedlings, aquaculture, salt and bitter brine, so as to achieve zero discharge of aquaculture tailwater, reduce development risks, improve product quality, and become a model of green and efficient circular economy industry.
<b>The concept of low-carbon environmental protection is applied to the shrimp industry</b>
As the earliest research unit engaged in the breeding of new shrimp varieties in China, the Yellow Sea Institute has so far bred more than ten new breeds of fish, shrimp and crabs with independent intellectual property rights, and at the same time, the Yellow Sea Institute is also the earliest unit in China to start engaged in the research of shrimp seed breeding and breeding technology, and the relevant technologies and concepts have been leading and promoting the development and progress of the industry. According to Kong Jie, a researcher at the Yellow Sea Institute, the "Vannabin Shrimp Ecological Breeding Model" is based on low-density aquaculture, according to 15,000 fish/mu. In the early stage of shrimp farming, that is, before the shrimp grow to 6 cm size, by inoculating live biological baits such as brine worms, cockroaches and algae hook shrimp, zero feeding of artificial compound feed was achieved, which on the one hand reduced manpower and avoided the pollution of the water environment and low pond after the artificial compound feed subsided. It is reported that in the proportion of seawater above 1.032 (more than 42 ‰ salinity, more than 45 ‰ is appropriate), it is suitable for inoculation brine worms as early bait for breeding. In seawater with a specific gravity of less than 1.032 (salinity below 42‰), it is suitable for inoculation of algae hook shrimp and grasshoppers as early bait for aquaculture. After 6 cm, feed an appropriate amount of compound feed.
During the aquaculture process, the wastewater is not discharged back to the sea. Aquaculture seawater is introduced from the sea, and after the multi-level flow of multiple breeding ponds, the salinity of seawater increases step by step. The final cultured seawater is discharged into the salt pond, which can be dried to obtain coarse salt. After 3-4 months of breeding, the saline alkali land that was not suitable for breeding can reach more than 60 kg per mu, and the shrimp size reaches 12-25g/tail. Prawns of Vannabin, which are raised in high salinity seawater, have a better meat texture and have been recognized by consumers.
Nowadays, with the progress of society, low-carbon environmental protection has become a new concept, the development of shrimp farming industry also needs to focus on the impact on the environment, the use of ecological breeding mode, change the past extensive breeding mode, not only to ensure the healthy, high-yield breeding of shrimp, but also to ensure the protection of the ecological environment of the waters.