When future generations read history, commenting on the predecessors, or destroying or praising, are only between the translations of books, and it does not take much effort at all.
Very few people will put down the book and put themselves in the shoes of the past to think about how many choices and entanglements the predecessors needed to face when they were testing life and death, and making choices about honor and disgrace.
Anyway: surrender is the villain, and resistance is the hero.
Is it really that simple?
The more books are turned over, it is inevitable that you will feel that in the chaotic and displaced world, it is often more difficult to endure humiliation and humiliation than to generously go to the dead, and it is more worthy of attention.
Heroes and villains really shouldn't be so simple to divide.
1. 1644: Jiangshan three changes its masters
In the history of China, there is probably no more troublemaker than in 1644.
In March of that year, Li Zicheng, the king of the intruder, fired an arrow at the gates of Beijing, and the last emperor Chongzhen hung himself on Jingshan with a rope, and Jiangshan changed from "Zhu" to "Li".
However, it was the banner of the changing king of the city, and Li Zicheng sat in the imperial court for a short time, but because of a Chen Yuanyuan, he caused Wu Sangui to "rush the crown and get angry" and invited the Manchu Qing to enter the customs.
In May, the Dolgun soldiers came to the city, the city of Beijing opened its doors to meet the landing, and jiangshan changed from "Han Tianxia" to "full of heaven".
During this year, the emperors fought for the country and the mountains. The courtiers of the late Ming Dynasty were also faced with different choices.
For example, Shi Kefa fought a bloody battle in yangzhou city, and the city was destroyed, which achieved Shi Kefa's heroic name and pitifully the "Ten Days of Yangzhou" for the people.
A Jiangsu man named Jin Zhijun, who did only one thing in Beijing this year.
What he did was: to be an official—to be an official of the Ming Dynasty, to be an official of the King, to be an official of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.
At the Chongzhen court at the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was a soldier attendant.
During Li Zicheng's Dashun Dynasty, he continued to serve as a servant.
Dorgon entered Beijing, and he then submitted to the Manchus, initially remaining a soldier's attendant.
In the end, he even achieved the zhonghedian university scholar and official Shangshu Jia Taifu, basically ranking the extreme of the people.
Shi Ren sent him a couplet:
——From the Ming Dynasty to the Thief and from the Qing Dynasty, the Three Dynasties Patriarch and loyal subject.
Indeed, what is said is the truth.
But the truth, is it really that simple?
2. Between "glorious death" and "meticulous life", Jin Zhijun chose the latter
On the second day of May, Dorgon led the Qing army to the outskirts of the capital.
It was Precisely Kim No-joon, the military attendant in charge of the military, who was the first to walk out of the city gate and present the descending watch to Dorgon.
In return, Dorgon continued to appoint him as a soldier's attendant.
Later generations read history to this point, and the first reaction in their minds was mostly the word "traitor".
Indeed, he seems to have other options that look better.
For example, knowing that there is no hope of hard work, he also leads the crowd to fight to the death, so as to achieve the name and righteousness of the next person.
As for how many days the Qing army slaughtered the city after the city was destroyed, and how many people were killed and injured, there is no need to worry.
Or: martyrdom, once dead, how will the people behind it live under manchu rule...
In short, death seems to be a better choice than living.
But, in this way of death, will there be other positive meanings and values besides a good reputation?
He may have thought so bitterly, but perhaps he was just cowardly by nature.
Anyway, he chose to live and go.
3. Jin Zhijun, the official of the "Three Slaves", proposed to Dorgon the "Ten Non-Conformities" of the Han People
If You say that Kim Zhijun makes the choice to live, it is a kind of resignation.
Then his next way of living is not at all meticulous.
In order to enter the Central Plains and control the people, Dorgon asked Yu Jin Zhijun.
Jin Zhijun then offered the Han people's "ten non-conformity" strategy, and said: If you can follow my "ten non-conformity" strategy, Jiangnan will be peaceful.
What is "ten non-conformance"?
First, men do not follow women, that is, men's clothing is from manchu clothing, while women still wear traditional Hanfu;
Second, life is not followed by death, that is, the Han people are buried according to Han customs after death;
Third, the yang does not follow the yin, that is, the worship of ghosts and gods follows the Customs of the Han People;
Fourth, officials are subordinate or disobedient, that is, when officials are subordinate to the manchu system, they have been ordinary subordinate and have not obeyed;
Fifth, the old never follow the young, that is, the elderly obey, and when they are young, they can choose not to follow;
Sixth, Confucianism does not follow the Tao, that is, the readers obey, and the monks and Taoists can not follow the three religions and nine streams;
Seventh, prostitutes do not obey, that is, prostitutes obey, but the drama is still performed according to the old rules;
Eighth, the eunuch does not obey the marriage, that is, the obedience of the Han people as officials, but the Customs of marriage and marriage of the Han people are retained;
9. The national name is not followed by the official name, that is, the national name can be changed, but the official position of the imperial court continues to be used;
Tenth, the servitude tax is not followed by the language and writing, that is, the new system can be adopted for the servitude tax, but the official language still uses Chinese characters.
When I read the contents of this "Ten Non-Conformity" very seriously, I suddenly had some respect for Jin Zhijun, the "traitor".
Because you will find that these contents cover almost all the lifeblood of Han culture.
The demise of a nation must begin with the demise of its culture.
As long as a nation's culture remains, it will certainly not perish!
With this "ten non-conformity", the roots of this tree of traditional Chinese culture will be there.
No matter how much wind and rain and lightning strikes it will suffer temporarily, it can still live and grow!
Although Jin Zhijun was a thief with a crooked waist and committed to things, if not, how could he persuade the Manchu Qing to allow the Han people to achieve this "ten disobedience"?
I really can't think of a second good way to do it.
Li Zongsheng's "Mortal Song" has such a lyric:
- Morality is placed on both sides, and the rational word is placed in the middle.
Without further ado, everyone will experience it.
4. Is the bleak evening scene just a tragedy for him?
Kim Joon, this person, is very complicated.
How you judge him depends on what kind of background you put him in.
If you look at it by loyalty to the Ming Dynasty, he is one hundred percent, absolute traitor.
When the Qing army attacked the regime of King Mingfu, he strongly demanded that the Hongguang Emperor and Lu Wang be executed. King Jing and other Ming Sect rooms.
He even personally beheaded Sizong's crown princes Yong wang and Ding wang.
If we look at it from the perspective of painstakingly guarding the Han culture, he has suffered all kinds of grievances and exhausted a thousand kinds of mental tricks.
If you don't believe it, go back and look at the "ten non-conformities" again.
However, in a cultural context where integrity is more important than everything else. A person can die simply and rudely, even if he dies without a name; but he must not live secretly and secretly, even if he can benefit the world.
After Jin Zhijun surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he was spurned by the people of jiangnan in his hometown, and everyone at the time was known as a "big traitor".
In 1662, when the Kangxi Emperor first ascended the throne, Jin Zhijun, who had been asking for many years to return to his hometown, finally returned to his hometown of Wujiang.
In his hometown, he spent a bleak old age.
He was in the "Taifudi" in Suzhou City, the front alley was named "Cheng'en" and the back street was named "Houle".
Someone posted a couplet at night:
——Chang Le Lao in front of Hou Le Street, the negative benefactor in Cheng'en Fang.
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These people who secretly posted couplets at night have obviously forgotten that they also have the big pigtails of the Manchus on their heads.
Even his family despised him so much that his wife never slept with him after he surrendered.
The nephew scolded him to his face for being unfaithful...
And the most tragic person may be counted in the Qianlong period, qianlong named it into the "Biography of the Second Minister".
Qianlong angrily scolded: This old thief is too cunning!
Fortunately, many years before Qianlong classified him in the "Biography of the Second Minister", Jin Zhijun had quietly died in the contempt of the whole world...
Before he died: His betrayers scolded him as a traitor.
After his death: his clients scolded him as a cunning old thief.
But what kind of person is he?
Rather, ignored, forgotten, dusted...
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0 people 0% is definitely a big traitor
0 people 0% protected the Han culture, the merit is greater than the excess
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