Yang Qingjun picked up historical events
Medieval Knights (Handsome Crying)
I think that the most painful point in looking at the history of the European Middle Ages is the name of the monarch, although it is not as strange as india (for example, a chestnut, Ayido-winged Shechin Brahma, a name that I have memorized countless times and realized very painfully), but it is very repetitive, as if there are only a few European names, and I have always wondered how they distinguish each other. When the names of kings are also repeated, they are called I, II, and III for convenience, such as Henry I and Charles IV. However, the problem of vertical renaming is solved, but the horizontal one is no way, that is to say, France and Germany are likely to have a "Henry I", so nicknames other than names came into being. The king we are talking about today—ah, no, it should be the emperor—is the greatest overlord of the Carolingian dynasty of the Frankish kingdom, the most popular figure in the old K of French playing cards, Charlemagne. As for why he is not just a king, but can be called an emperor, we will talk about it slowly.
Please click here to enter Charlie Matt
The name "Charlie" was rotten in Europe, or in the Franks, and Charlemagne's grandfather was called "Charles", that is, the palace minister Charlie Matt who carried out the reform of caiyi, his nickname was "Hammer"; one of Charlemagne's grandsons was also called "Charles", and later inherited the Kingdom of East Francia, nicknamed "Bald". And this Charlie, as the supreme overlord, we can also call him "Charlemagne" (Charlemagne). As the grandson of hammer palace minister and the son of the dwarf Pipping, Charlie is destined to have an extraordinary life trajectory. After the death of his father Pepin the Dwarf, According to Frankish custom, Pepin's sons Charles and Carloman inherited the land respectively. A few years later, Carloman died, so Charlie was the only king. In the years that followed, Charlie not only did not overshadow the achievements of his grandfather and father, but wrote his own heavy stroke in the annals of history with his outstanding military achievements.
Charlemagne
It is said that Charles was tall and hairy, and looked like a standard medieval king. Shortly after his ascension to the throne, Carloman's widow fled to Lombardy with her son, and the Lombards made Carloman's son King of the Franks, confronting Charles. But Charles was clearly not a man to be threatened, and like his father, he once again invaded the restless region of northern Italy, after which he sent four successive attacks on Lombardy and finally defeated the kingdom, and the king was sent to the monastery like the last king of Merovin. In 772, he again led a large army across the Rhine to attack Saxony in northern Germany, a war against the Saxons in northern Germany that lasted for more than 30 years, and under the bloody and violent confrontation, Saxony finally submitted to Charles.
Immediately after, Charlie, like an addict, sent troops to Spain, conquered Bavaria, conquered the Avars, and a series of tribes between the Rhine, Vistula, the Atlantic, and the Danube... Since the fall of the Roman Empire, there has never been a country with such a vast territory in Europe, and I know that the above is a whole bunch of messy place names that you can't understand, and when you put it on today's map, it is equivalent to France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, and croatia, the Czech Republic, Bohemian, Hungary - well, I admit, don't look at so many place names, it's actually not much. However, at that time, Europe, which was fragmented, was already a great power of cross-era significance. Charles was a devout believer, and the areas he conquered were all christian, and on the one hand, the Frankish expansion was full of bloody violence, and on the other hand, the indoctrination of religion gave faith to these areas that had not yet escaped barbarism.
Leo III was originally a herder from Asia Minor with Syrian ancestry, his hometown was Marash, and he spoke Arabic and Greek. In the time of Justinian II, in the direction of the direction
In 799, Leo III, who was then pope, was attacked by the rebellion of the local nobles, and like Stephen II who asked for help from Pepin, he fled to Charles's camp to hold his thigh, and Charles led his troops into Italy again, suppressed the rebellion, and restored The Pope Leo III. In order to repay Charles's kindness, Christmas in 800 AD, a special year special day, when Charles was praying in the church, he received a "Christmas gift" surprise from the Pope - coronation. Leo III took up the crown prepared in advance and declared that "God has crowned Emperor Charles", and Charles was thus affirmed as "Emperor of the Romans", from King Charles to Charlemagne. In fact, Charles and Rome did not have any substantial relationship, that is, when Charlemagne's Empire was at its peak, it was not half as big as the Roman Empire, but because of what we said before, this "Roman complex" of Europeans was something they thought was called the heir of Augustus, the emperor of the Romans, which was a very glorious thing, as if he was a continuation of the mythical glory of the past Rome. Since Charles's coronation, it has meant that Western European civilization is no longer a vassal of the Eastern Roman Empire, but is truly recognized.
After the emperor, Charlemagne worked hard in his huge empire, the most practical problem is the backwardness of culture, after the barbarian invasion, the once brilliant Greco-Roman civilization has been difficult to trace, the lower classes of the people are illiterate, so Charlemagne started from himself, set up schools in the court, recruited scholars from all over Europe, called for the copying and preservation of a large number of classical precious documents, under his strong support, the level of national cultural education rose sharply, and later historians called the glory of this period culture "Carolingian Renaissance." ”。
Carolingian Renaissance
Many studies have called Charlemagne the greatest monarch, and I think (just I think) it is probably a little exaggerated, and the Carolingian Renaissance was only a small peak, and there were actually such small peaks in the Middle Ages that followed, such as the Twelfth Century Renaissance. Although the Charlemagne Empire seemed to be vast, it was maintained by force, and did not have a solid economic foundation to maintain its long-term vitality, and the complex human race and uneven level of development doomed it to split. After the death of Charlemagne, this short-lived empire disappeared along with the central monarch.
Then Germany is finally about to show her form!
Reference: World History: Ancient History
Medieval Europe
German Medieval History
Previous issue: The Prototype of the Little Devil in A Song of Ice and Fire: The Dwarf King Who Opened the New Frankish Dynasty
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