There has been a new movement in the archaeological community recently.
The identity of the "head of the household" in the No. 1 tomb of Blood Wei in Qinghai Province has been preliminarily confirmed, and a rumor has been dispelled in passing, and this large tomb has nothing to do with the "nine-story demon tower" in "Ghost Blowing Lights".
The owner of the tomb is an ordinary person with mortal eyes, who does not know any magic, but can do power tricks: according to archaeological inferences, he is a Khan king of the Tuguhun Kingdom in the 7th century.
The titles of this kingdom and king don't sound like those from the Eastern Tang Dynasty. Yes, the Tuguhun Kingdom was built by the Xianbei people. Although it is an ethnic minority from the north, it has also left a strong mark in Chinese history.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > also broad</h1>
The kingdom is called "Tuguhun", and the origin of the name of the country is simple: the old king called this.
After the disintegration of the Xianbei state, nomadic groups were led by their khagan, Murong Tuyuhun to the rich pasture lands around Qinghai Lake about the middle of the 3rd century AD.
After the dissolution of the Xianbei state, around the middle of the 3rd century AD, nomadic peoples, led by their Murong Tuguhun Khan, came to the fertile pastures around Qinghai Lake.
The Tuyuhun Empire was established in 284, including more than 100 different and loosely coordinated tribes that did not submit to each other or any authority.
Founded in 284, the Tuguhun Empire consisted of more than 100 different, loosely coordinated tribes that disobeyed each other or to any external powers.
The founder Tuguhun and his successors were all surnamed "Murong".
In the Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon, Murong Fu, who saw the heavens and shouted "reviving the Great Yan Kingdom", shared an old ancestor with Tuguhun and belonged to the same "Murong Bu Xianbei".
However, the "Great Yan Kingdom" that Murong Fu lamented at night was not the work of Tuguhun's gang.
Let's look at the picture and talk.
In the 4th century, Murong Xianbei, who marched south and became the climate, was divided into two waves, the east and the west.
To the west are Tuguhun them, as we said above, entrenched in Qinghai and northwestern Gansu, and conquered the grandmother's family of the Shu Han tiger general Ma Chao, the Qiang people.
To the east were the people who had successively established the Former Yan State and the Later Yan State. Murong Fu recognized them.
Don't look at the Murong family's great cause, in the whole "Xianbei Universe", it is just one of many dazzling stars.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="107" > a fan of the Central Plains civilization</h1>
It's pretty crotch-pulling.
Murong Fu's desire to revive the State of Great Yan actually reigned for no more than 60 years, and it was intermittent: it was divided into "Former Yan" and "Later Yan", and died prematurely one by one.
The one who really gained a firm foothold in the Central Plains and enjoyed the state of Zuo for nearly 150 years was another branch of the Xianbei people, Tuoba Xianbei, and the country they established was the northern and southern dynasties, the representative dynasty of the north , the Northern Wei.
And it is this humble star who dominates the Central Plains who kicks the unique culture of his own nation to the edge of the historical stage.
Don't blame Tuoba Laotie for not being human, only that the Central Plains civilization is too charming.
As the Northern Wei state grew, the emperors' desire for Han Chinese institutions and cultures grew. Han Chinese administrative methods and penal codes were introduced in the Northern Wei state. The attraction of Han Chinese products, the royal court's taste for luxury, and the prestige of Chinese culture at the time were the factors in the growing Chinese influence in the Northern Wei state. Xianbei traditions were thus largely abandoned.
With the growth of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was the Xianbei Emperor who became more and more eager for the System and Culture of the Han People, so the administrative model and laws and regulations of the Han Dynasty were introduced into the Northern Wei. The crops of the Central Plains Dynasty were rich and pleasant, luxury goods were deeply appreciated by the princes and nobles, and the Central Plains culture was also known among the Xianbei people - various factors made the influence of the Central Plains civilization more and more powerful, and the traditions of the Xianbei people were abolished.
- Wikipedia
The train runs fast, all thanks to the headband. On the road of promoting Sinicization, The Xiaowen Emperor Tuoba Hong, as the head of a country, rode on the dust and fully played an "exemplary role".
Economically, although Tuoba Hongshang was born of a nomadic ethnic group, after entering the Central Plains, the concept of production successfully switched to the "farming mode" and implemented a series of reform policies such as the equalized field system and the three-chief system to strengthen agricultural productivity and promote economic growth.
Culturally, Tuoba Hong can be said to have given his humble civilization a "killer".
First of all, he explicitly forbade the "Beiyu" (Xianbei language), and the whole country can only speak single-syllable Chinese. Many Xianbei people living in the Central Plains have forgotten the old dialect for only two or three generations, so that the Xianbei language was basically lost in China during the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Not to mention that the Xianbei language is not finished, Tuoba Hong also made a "true decision to violate the ancestors": the Xianbei surname still has to be changed.
The Northern Wei's Eight Noble Xianbei surnames were the Buliugu, Helai, Dugu, Helou, Huniu, Qiumu, Gexi, and Yuchi. They adopted Chinese last names.
"Bu Liu Gu, He Lai, Du Lonely, He Lou, Ku Chen, Qiu Mu, Qi Xi, Wei Chi" These eight humble nobles of the Northern Wei Dynasty changed their surnames to Han.
In this matter, when the leader led by example: Tuoba Hong took the lead in changing his "Tuoba" to the Chinese character "Yuan".
Bai Juyi's good friend, the Tang Dynasty's great literary hero Yuan Shu, was the original family of the Tuoba Xianbei royal family, but people had never thought of such an unreliable thing as "reviving Great Wei".
From the nobles to the commoners, the humble people in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the surnames have come to a big change.
Surnames, languages, living habits, the Xianbei people and the Han people are increasingly converging; they all have an East Asian face and no taboos for intermarriage, so they gradually become inseparable from each other, and the two ethnic groups merge into one, becoming the "new Han people".
Therefore, the Han people who now live in northern China have shed the blood of Xianbei; and in Chinese culture, everyone has unconsciously carved the mark of Xianbei and spread to the world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="108" > the humble mark in Chinese culture</h1>
Far away, the Northern Dynasty folk song "Mulan Poem" that we learned in middle school tells a legendary story that is well known to the family of a Xianbei girl.
There is a basis for speculating that Mulan is a humble person, and we can sort out the clues from the poem:
The Khan has ordered a great levy of men。
Khan big point soldiers.
The Son of Heaven was seated in the Hall of Light。
The Son of Heaven sits in the Ming Hall.
——" 132 Ancient Poems Must Be Memorized by Junior High School Students" (Chinese and English Bilingual Recitation Edition)
One moment "Khan", the next moment "Heavenly Son", it seems that it has not been called Smooth Mouth. This also just shows that at that time, it was at the node of the gradual sinicization of the northern ethnic groups. In the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the most likely one was the Northern Wei.
At dusk they came to the Black Water's side.
Twilight to montenegro head.
——" 132 Ancient Poems Must Be Memorized by Secondary School Students ( Chinese and English Bilingual Reading Edition )
The "Black Mountain Head" is located in the present-day city of Erguna in Inner Mongolia, which was a rouran territory in the Northern Dynasty. This shows that Mulan's troops belong to the large army of Tuoba Tao's Northern Expedition. It is further confirmed that Mulan's military service took place in the early days of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
So why can't Mulan be a Han Chinese who is a soldier?
Because it is written in the Book of Wei that in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Han people only took care of "diligently serving the peasants" and engaged in logistical work; the war was handled by humble hereditary soldiers. In view of the fact that "Grandpa has no eldest son", the humble girl Mulan had to join the army for her father.
Although we Chinese try to find out whether Mulan is a Han or a Humble person, the story goes out of the country, and in Disney's animations and movies, this "mirror appliqué yellow" girl is Just like other people who speak Chinese, write Chinese characters, and wear Hanfu.
Foreigners don't know between Han and Xianbei, and we are actually not much better. After all, it was already a family.
In the past, one of the two door gods who posted the town house outside the door was a humble person, do you know who it is?
The answer is that the lieutenant on the left is Chi Gong, who is a descendant of Lieutenant Chibu.
The boss of the two door gods, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, also had half of the Xianbei bloodline: his mother, Empress Taimu, was a descendant of the Xianbei Yuwen Department.
Emperor Taizong of Tang's successor, Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Li Zhi, was also of Xianbei descent, as his mother, Empress Changsun, was a native of The Xianbei Tuoba Clan.
Don't look at the Tugu Hun Xianbei produced by the owner of the Blood Wei No. 1 Tomb and the Central Plains Civilization have no intersection, nor have they accepted Sinicization, but a story that happened in their family is also familiar in China.
Before murong A jackal, the king of Tuguhun, died, he gathered 20 sons and his people together. He had people break 1 arrow, and it broke with a "snap".
Then, he asked someone to break 20 sticks together, and as a result, a bunch of arrows could not be broken.
At this time, he said in a serious tone that a single branch is easy to break, and more is difficult to break. As long as you work together, then the community will have a lot of potential.
The characters may not be right, but the plot is still quite familiar.
Later, this Chinese story spread to Japan, and the Edo period folk novelists also used it in their own fables "Three Ya の教え (三矢之訓)", and the character was replaced by the famous Japanese Sengoku period general Maori Moto and his three sons, and has been passed down to this day.
At present, the people closest to xianbei are the Xibe people living in the northwest and northeast regions. In the Land of the Central Plains, where the Tuoba family of the Northern Wei Dynasty once dominated, the name of this ancient ethnic group is no longer seen.
Rather than disappearing, Xianbei is more like completing the historical integration and joining the big family of the Chinese nation; the stories and legends left by the Xianbei people are active in today's frequent international exchanges as part of Chinese culture.