Source: Voice of China, Central Radio and Television Corporation
Today (3rd), the 2020 National Science and Technology Awards Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People.
The winner of the national supreme science and technology award was awarded to two scientists: one is Gu Shufen, a famous aircraft design master in China, the founder of aircraft aerodynamic design, and an aviation strategy scientist, and the other is Wang Dazhong, a famous scholar and strategic scientist in the field of international nuclear energy.
△ Gu Shufen (left) and Wang Dazhong (right)
Gu Shufen: For the blue sky of the motherland
When it comes to J-1, J-8, and J-8II, military fans are no strangers. These aircraft, which occupy an important position in the history of China's aviation, were all designed by Gu Shufen.
He is the only "double academician" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering in the field of aviation in China, which has laid the cornerstone of the aerodynamic design of subsonic aircraft and supersonic aircraft in China, and promoted the construction and development of China's aerodynamic research and design infrastructure.
Born into a family of scholars, he has been an "airplane fan" since he was a child.
In 1930, Gu Washifen was born into a family of scholars. His father, Gu Tinglong, was a famous master of traditional Chinese studies in China, but his son did not inherit his father's mantle, but became acquainted with airplanes.
△ Gu Xuefen and Jiang Zefei took a group photo with their parents when they got married
Gu Shufen: I first encountered the threat of an airplane during the July 7 Incident. The Japanese bombed and the courtyard bungalow where we lived was very shaken. We didn't know what to do and hurried out of the house. Fortunately, the neighbor was trained in air defense, and he said you should just hide under the table in the house. The bombing affected me too deeply, and we had to be bullied everywhere without planes.
Although his first impression of the plane was heavy, his interest in the plane grew stronger. On her 10th birthday, Gu Received a model airplane from her uncle, and he loved it, which also laid the foundation for his original dream of aviation.
△ Gu Shufen's favorite toy in elementary school
Observe for yourself, regardless of the risk
After graduating with honors from Shanghai Jiao Tong University majoring in aviation, Gu Xuefen's first challenge to participate in the work was the aerodynamic design of China's first jet, the J-1.
Due to the foreign technology blockade, there is no precedent to follow at home. Hearing that there was a relevant foreign document in the Beihang Library, Gu Shufen borrowed an old bicycle and went to Beihang every night to find transcribed materials.
△ Group photo in front of the J-1 aircraft (from left: Lu Xiaopeng, Ye Zhengda, Xu Shunshou, Wang Huiqing, Cheng Xushi, Gu Xuefen, Wang Zixing)
In 1964, the development of the J-8 aircraft was put on the agenda. Gu Shufen was first responsible for the aerodynamic design of the aircraft as the deputy chief designer, and later presided over the development of the J-8 as the chief designer.
He found that the engine jet had a great impact on the efficiency of the flat tail of the aircraft, at that time there was no jet test conditions and test methods in China, after research, Gu Shufen created a "magic trick" - "bought red wool, cut into 150 mm, and attached to the entire vertical tail heel fuselage." ”
This was jokingly called "wearing a skirt" for the J-8 by researchers. So, is this method good or not?
He offered to observe for himself. This is extremely risky for Gu Shufen, who has never received flight training. Not to mention that there are relatives in the family who died in the air crash, and the whole family is very jealous of taking the plane.
△ Gu Shufen (rear seat) and Lu Mingdong on the J-6 aircraft
After three close observations of the heavens, Gu Xuefen endured a huge physical load, finally found the crux of the problem, and successfully solved the jitter problem of the J-8's transonic flight through later technical improvements.
The development of the J-8 series aircraft has built a relatively complete aviation industry system and promoted the development of metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics and other industries. Gu Shufen is known as the outstanding aircraft design master of New China and the first person of aircraft aerodynamic design.
△ Gu Shufen at work
"Yong Shi De's Jun lie, reciting the qing fen of the ancestors"
Zhao Xia, a colleague of Academician Gu and the chief designer of the Shenyang Institute of Aviation Industry of China, said, "From subsonic to supersonic, our design methods, including parameter identification, correction system, and technical system, are many universal, and many of the manuals in the institute were compiled by the old intellectuals of Academician Gu's generation. Academician Gu's contribution to aircraft design or aviation is equivalent to establishing a very good foundation from poverty. ”
△ Gu Shufen (seventh from the right) took a group photo with old colleagues in the aircraft design room
"Yong Shide's Junlie, reciting the Qingfen of the ancestors", Gu Shufen's name is taken from the famous sentence of the Western Jin Dynasty literary scholar Lu Ji.
Beijing Beiyuan No. 2 Courtyard, his office and home are in this compound. For decades, two points and one line, come and go, life is simple, simple and low-key.
Wang Dazhong: Devoted to nuclear energy all his life
As a kind of clean energy with huge reserves, nuclear energy has broad application prospects. However, from the melting of the core of the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in the United States, to the Chernobyl nuclear accident, to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, "nuclear safety" has been the main obstacle to the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
Wang Dazhong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led the team to aim at this major problem, from key technology research to experimental reactors, to demonstration project construction, perseverance, step by step, cracking the world's problems, out of the independent innovation from scratch to lead the world road, to achieve the leapfrog development of China's advanced nuclear energy technology, known as "the leader in realizing the inherent safety of the reactor".
"No. 200": The starting point of Wang Dazhong's nuclear career
After learning that he was awarded the National High-Tech Award, Wang Dazhong said that the National High-tech Award is a heavy honor, it belongs to the collective, belongs to all the "No. 200" people who are advancing in spite of difficulties and are united in their will, and also belongs to all the scientific and technological workers who are patriotically dedicated and work hard.
Academician Wang Dazhong's "No. 200" is the starting point of his nuclear career.
In 1956, in order to develop China's nuclear energy industry, Tsinghua University established the Department of Engineering Physics, and selected a group of high-achieving students from other majors, including Wang Dazhong, who was a sophomore in the Mechanical Department at the time.
In 1960, the construction of the Atomic Energy Research Base of Tsinghua University, numbered 200, began, located at the foot of Yanshan Mountain on the outskirts of Beijing.
△ In the early 1960s, the young builders of base 200 (wang dazhong from the top down in the left column)
Since then, "No. 200" has become synonymous with the Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy Technology of Tsinghua University. In 1985, Wang Dazhong became the president of the hospital. As soon as he took office, he first did the research and development of the cryogenic nuclear heating reactor, and at that time he focused on improving safety when choosing the technical route.
Wang Dazhong: At that time, the first problem encountered was to choose the correct technical route and program, and after more than a year of demonstration and discussion, we decided to choose an integrated shell-type nuclear heating reactor, which is an advanced reactor, and I just valued its inherent safety.
Lead China's nuclear energy technology to a new level and move to the forefront of the world
The serious nuclear accident in Chernobyl in 1986 brought the development of nuclear energy in the world into a rapid trough, and the safety of nuclear safety became more prominent. But Wang Dazhong did not waver in his determination to develop advanced reactors. He firmly believes that modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors with inherent safety will become one of the important development directions of nuclear energy in the future.
At the lowest tide of nuclear energy development in the world, Wang Dazhong made a major strategic choice: the modular ball bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor type and the development route from small-scale experimental reactors to full-size industrial demonstration power stations.
This choice has had an important impact on the development direction of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology in China and even in the world, and clarifies the future technological development route of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors in China.
△ In November 1989, Wang Dazhong, director of the Institute of Nuclear Energy (first from the left), announced that the 5 MW nuclear heating reactor was successfully put into operation
With the support of the state, Wang Dazhong led the team to carry out the research and development of 10 MW modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, broke through a number of key technologies such as spherical fuel components of high-temperature air-cooled reactors, and successfully built the world's first modular ball bed high-temperature gas-cooled experimental reactor, and achieved grid-connected power generation in 2003. In the process of research and development, safety has always been the most important point of WangDa.
△ On December 1, 2000, Wang Dazhong (middle) and Wu Zongxin (right) at the critical site of the 10 MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor at Tsinghua University
The Ishidowan nuclear power plant, which is currently under construction, adopts high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology, which is also the most advanced technical route at present, which is used in conjunction with the small modular technical route to provide "double insurance" for the safety performance of the ShekDaowan nuclear power plant.
As president of Tsinghua University for ten years, he has taken a big step towards becoming a world-class university
In 1994, in addition to the study of nuclear energy technology, Wang Dazhong ushered in a new identity - the president of Tsinghua University, and began another wonderful life.
He led the school leadership team to put forward the idea of "comprehensive, research-oriented and open-ended", with the aim of creating Tsinghua University into a world-class university. Wang Dazhong and his leadership at Tsinghua focused on supporting biological and life science disciplines and focusing on the development of basic research.
Today, tsinghua's construction of a world-class university has achieved a historic leap forward, and various undertakings have continuously taken on a new look and a new atmosphere.
△ In 2011, Wang Dazhong took the stage at the Tsinghua Centennial Celebration Party
In the eyes of colleagues and students, whether doing nuclear energy technology research or being the president of Tsinghua University, pragmatism and rigor, deeds speak louder than words, and foresight are Wang Dazhong's labels. The Tsinghua school motto of "Unremitting Self-Improvement and Virtue" is also the criterion that Wang Dazhong adheres to.
Wang Dazhong: Scientific research work is a noble cause, which is worth pursuing and struggling for a lifetime. Our country is in the best period of development, and all our scientific and technological workers must consciously contribute to the self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology, and it is indispensable to make contributions.