On the western slope of Dalian's Lushun Railway Station, there is a 3-story European-style building, which, if it were not for the nameplate embedded in the wall, would hardly have imagined that it was the largest private library in the northeast of the year, the Dayun Library that once haunted Mao Zedong in Yan'an. Today, the Dayun Library is one of the first batch of key protected buildings in Dalian, and a building not far away is the former residence of Luo Zhenyu, the owner of the Dayun Library, which is listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Dalian.
The first batch of key protected buildings in Dalian
Collect his life's collection in Lushun
Luo Zhenyu, born in 1866, is the owner of this library, and he is also a modern archaeologist and epigrapher in China.
According to the staff of dalian library, Luo Zhenyu was originally from Shangyu, Zhejiang, and later moved to Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, where he was a counselor of the faculty at the end of the Qing Dynasty. He has collected and sorted out archaeological materials such as oracle bones, bronzes, simplified editions, and anecdotes, all of which have been published in special collections, and archaeological monographs such as "Yin Ruins Book Deed" and "Three Generations of Jijin Wencun" are widely circulated.
In 1919, Luo Zhenyu returned to China and lived in Tianjin. After 9 years, he moved to Lushun and bought a private house in Fuso Town, Xinshi Street. In the spring of 1932, he purchased land behind his private house and built a new 3-storey library with an area of about 4,500 square meters, named "Dayun Library", which moved all the books in Tianjin to this collection and opened a "Moyuantang" bookstore in Dalian. The "Dayun Library" is derived from the name of the library he built in Japan and Tianjin. The word "Big Cloud" comes from the Dunhuang Northern Dynasty's "Great Cloud No Thought Classic". After living in Lushun for 12 years, in June 1940, Luo Zhenyu died of illness in Lushun and was buried in Xigou, Shuishiying. Since then, the books in the Dayun Library have been jointly kept by the Luo family.
At that time, the number of books in the Dayun Library was huge, but the specific number was unknown to outsiders. According to Luo Zhenyu's grandson Luo Jizu, there are about 300,000 books in the collection, and when the Luo family moved books from Tianjin to Lushun, they once packed more than 6,000 sacks. The thickness of each bag of books is calculated on average 50 volumes, which is almost more than 300,000 copies.
The more than 300,000 books in the Dayun Library were accumulated by Mr. Luo Zhenyu since the end of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted more than 40 years of painstaking searching and spending huge sums of money, including many precious ancient rare books and orphan books. In addition, the Dayun Library also collects a large number of Yin Ruins oracle bones. At that time, Luo Zhenyu loved oracle bone writing by studying oracle bones, and he knew oracle bones the most in the world, and he was also the first person to write calligraphy in oracle bone style. The Dayun Library also contains a large number of calligraphy, paintings, bronzes and other antiquities, which is a veritable cultural treasure house. Guo Moruo once gave a high evaluation, and he wrote in the preface to the book "Studies on Ancient Chinese Society" written in 1929: "Luo Zhenyu's credit is to provide us with real historical materials. In the collection of ancient classics, Luo Zhenyu is also outstanding. He is the largest collector of modern books and classics.
Lushun Dayun Library
Precious books have been devastated
In 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and the Red Army took over the Brigade Region. Soon after, the Soviets forcibly requisitioned the residential area of Lushun Fusang Town (present-day Dongting Street) and converted it into a residential area and guest house for Soviet officers, including Mr. Luo Zhenyu's private residence and his "Dayun Library" library.
Before the Dayun Library and Luo's old mansion were requisitioned by the Soviet army, the two families of Luo Zhenyu's grandchildren, Luo Jizu and Luo Chengzu, lived here.
At that time, the door-to-door notification that the property would be expropriated were 3 Soviets in military uniforms and a middle-aged Chinese who was a translator, and the other party limited the Luo family to move for 3 days, but it was said that the property was borrowed, the loan period was 3 months, and things did not have to be moved. Luo Zhenyu's great-grandson and Luo Jizu's son Luo Yunkang still clearly remembers that his father Luo Jizu was not in Lushun at that time, and only his grandparents and mother brought him and his brother with him. In a hurry, the family borrowed a closed satin village to settle down, and the adults busily packed the family property into boxes, filled the 10 large carriages they hired, and some things that could not be taken away were neatly placed in glass cabinets. On the day of the move, the family had few people and could not be taken care of, and of the 10 moving carriages full of them, 3 of them watched being directly driven away by the car owner.
Not long after, news came from outside that the Dayun Library and the Luo family had been robbed. The Dayun Library was converted into a Soviet military guest house, and the library collection of books and cultural relics could not be moved for a while, and was brutally destroyed.
Soldiers who regarded the squares as heavenly books threw precious books and calligraphy into bundles from the windows, and threw oracle bones and bronzes into the gutters downstairs as garbage. It is said that this move has attracted people from near and far flocking to the city, old books, calligraphy and paintings have been carried away from the stove, the painting shaft is also used to fill the stove pit, and the calligraphy and paintings ripped from the painting shaft are directly pasted on the wall and thrown on the side of the road without understanding. The Yuan Dynasty "Bamboo Stone Diagram", the treasure of the town hall in the Lushun Museum today, because the scroll is jade, can not be used as chopping wood and survived! For a time, some of the stalls on the streets of Lushun were "extravagant" enough to wrap melon seeds and roasted sweet potatoes on soft calligraphy and painting rice paper!
When the news of the tragic destruction of the Luo family's books reached Yan'an, Mao Zedong was very distressed and immediately instructed that all measures should be taken to rescue and protect the Luo family's books. After receiving the instructions, the Lushun Municipal Government immediately instructed the Lushun Municipal Government to try to rescue the Luo family's collection of books. They mobilized primary and secondary school students in lushun city to pack the books in the Dayun Library into sacks and transport them to the warehouse for storage and storage. One day in October 1946, Liao Hua, director of the Education Department of the former Liaobei Province (a temporary province set up in the Northeast Liberated Area), came to Luo Jizu's house and said to Luo Jizu: "Chairman Mao of Yan'an is very concerned when he learns that your family's collection of books has been robbed. I have seen that books are piled up in the warehouse, and if they are placed like this for a long time, they must be moldy. Now the government is the people's government, we can't sit idly by and watch the people's cultural property damage, it must be sorted out, but at present there is a shortage of people, I wonder if you are willing to do revolutionary work? We hope you will accept this work, if you wish. Luo Jizu gladly accepted. In 1948, after the completion of the compilation of the Luo family's books, Luo Jizu and his brother Luo Chengzu donated the Luo family's books to the people's government on the orders of their grandmother (Luo Zhenyu's widow). In 1949, the Luo family donated 16,010 rare books and more than 40,000 household periodicals to the Northeast Library (now the Liaoning Provincial Library). The remaining 90,000 books, more than 40,000 household periodicals and a batch of golden stone rubbings, etc., were received by the Cultural Relics Preservation Committee of Luda City. In 1951, the Luda Municipal Cultural Relics Preservation Committee handed them over to the Luda Municipal Library. At this point, the Luo family's collection of books has been protected and sorted out, and has become a precious collection of Dalian Municipal Library.
Later, some of the important ancient books flowing out of the Dayun Library were bought back by the Lushun Museum, but most of them were either reduced to ashes or destroyed. The reporter learned from the Lushun Museum that from 1955 to 1956 alone, the Lushun Museum collected 1,007 pieces of Luo Zhenyu's original oracle bones, Qing Palace archives, bronzes and other cultural relics in the then Lushun Tieshan Town.
After this catastrophe, the cultural relics of the Dayun Library suffered heavy losses. According to Luo Jizu's recollection, the books that were later rescued were only three-fourths of the original collection. In 2006, some of the books left behind by Mr. Luo Jizu were also donated by his family to dalian library, with a total of 2300 kinds and 5477 volumes. Dalian Library opened a special room for the collection of "Luo Jizu Library" in Baiyun Academy.
In 2003, when experts from the Research Center for Northeast China History of Dalian University were comprehensively sorting out the collections and historical documents in the ancient books reading room of the school library, they unexpectedly found a large number of "Roche books", a total of more than 400 kinds and more than 600 volumes. After investigation, it was determined that the existing "Roche Collection" in the library of Dalian University was received by the original master from the so-called "Jianguo College" founded by the Japanese in the past, and has been kept in the library for nearly 60 years. The Great Cloud Library in 1939. (Wang Yunfeng)