2013年3月3日 星期日 晴
軟體管理
rpm
一、查詢
1、查詢已經安裝的軟體包
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q zip
zip-2.31-2.el5
2、在所有的安裝包中篩選包含zip字段的軟體包
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --all |grep 'zip'
bzip2-libs-1.0.3-6.el5_5
gzip-1.3.5-13.el5.centos
bzip2-devel-1.0.3-6.el5_5
bzip2-1.0.3-6.el5_5
unzip-5.52-3.el5
[root@desktop7 ~]#
3、查詢zip軟體包的詳細資訊
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --info zip
name : zip relocations: (not relocatable)
version : 2.31 vendor: centos
release : 2.el5 build date: thu 12 mar 2009 04:34:27 am cst
install date: wed 27 feb 2013 06:38:55 am cst build host: chamkaur.karan.org
group : applications/archiving source rpm: zip-2.31-2.el5.src.rpm
size : 318496 license: distributable
signature : dsa/sha1, tue 17 mar 2009 07:40:16 pm cst, key id a8a447dce8562897
packager : karanbir singh <[email protected]>
url : http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zip.html
summary : a file compression and packaging utility compatible with pkzip.
description :
the zip program is a compression and file packaging utility. zip is
analogous to a combination of the unix tar and compress commands and
is compatible with pkzip (a compression and file packaging utility for
ms-dos systems).
install the zip package if you need to compress files using the zip
program.
4、查詢zip軟體包内容
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q -l zip
/usr/bin/zip
/usr/bin/zipcloak
/usr/bin/zipnote
/usr/bin/zipsplit
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/bugs
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/changes
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/license
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/manual
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/readme
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/todo
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/whatsnew
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/where
/usr/share/doc/zip-2.31/algorith.txt
/usr/share/man/man1/zip.1.gz
5、查詢zip軟體包提供的檔案（documentation）
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --docfiles zip
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qd zip
6、查詢zip軟體包提供哪些配置檔案（configfiles）
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --configfiles zip
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qc zip
7、查詢軟體包的修改記錄
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --changelog zip
* wed jul 09 2008 ivana varekova <[email protected]> - 2.31-2
- resolves: #371041
zip does not honor umask setting
* thu jul 13 2006 jesse keating <[email protected]> - 2.31-1.2.2
- rebuild
* sat feb 11 2006 jesse keating <[email protected]> - 2.31-1.2.1
- bump again for double-long bug on ppc(64)
* wed feb 08 2006 jesse keating <[email protected]> - 2.31-1.2
- rebuilt for new gcc4.1 snapshot and glibc changes
* sat dec 10 2005 jesse keating <[email protected]>
- rebuilt
* fri nov 11 2005 ivana varekova <[email protected]> 2.31-1
- update to 2.31
* tue mar 08 2005 ivana varekova <[email protected]> 2.3-30
* tue jan 18 2005 ivana varekova <[email protected]> 2.3-29
- fix bug #142237 - problem with -d and ./files containing archives
* tue jun 22 2004 lon hohberger <[email protected]> 2.3-24
- extend max file/archive size to 2^32-8193 (4294959103) bytes
- include better debugging output for configure script
* wed jun 16 2004 elliot lee <[email protected]>
* sat mar 20 2004 lon hohberger <[email protected]> 2.3-22
- fix typos
* wed feb 18 2004 lon hohberger <[email protected]> 2.3-21
- include license file per bugzilla #116004
* sat feb 14 2004 elliot lee <[email protected]>
* tue dec 23 2003 lon hohberger <[email protected]> 2.3-19
- make temp file have umask 0066 mode (#112516)
* sat oct 25 2003 lon hohberger <[email protected]> 2.3-18
- incorporate arjan's exec-shield patch for i386
* thu jun 05 2003 elliot lee <[email protected]>
* thu jan 23 2003 tim powers <[email protected]>
* fri dec 20 2002 tim powers <[email protected]>
- bump and rebuild
* sat jun 22 2002 tim powers <[email protected]>
- automated rebuild
* fri may 24 2002 tim powers <[email protected]>
* wed apr 03 2002 trond eivind glomsrd <[email protected]>
- don't strip explicitly
* thu mar 14 2002 trond eivind glomsrd <[email protected]> 2.3-11
- add url
* mon jun 25 2001 elliot lee <[email protected]>
- bump release + rebuild.
* sat aug 26 2000 bill nottingham <[email protected]>
- add encryption code (#16878)
* fri jul 14 2000 prospector <[email protected]>
- automatic rebuild
* mon jun 12 2000 bill nottingham <[email protected]>
- rebuild in new environment
* tue mar 14 2000 bill nottingham <[email protected]>
- spec file cleanups (#10143)
* tue feb 08 2000 bill nottingham <[email protected]>
- fix some perms
* thu feb 03 2000 cristian gafton <[email protected]>
- fix description
- man pages are compressed
* wed jan 12 2000 bill nottingham <[email protected]>
- update to 2.3
* sat jul 31 1999 bill nottingham <[email protected]>
- update to 2.2
* mon mar 22 1999 cristian gafton <[email protected]>
- auto rebuild in the new build environment (release 8)
* fri mar 19 1999 cristian gafton <[email protected]>
- updated text in the spec file
* sat jan 16 1999 cristian gafton <[email protected]>
- patch top build on the arm
* tue dec 22 1998 michael maher <[email protected]>
- built package for 6.0
* tue aug 11 1998 jeff johnson <[email protected]>
- build root
* sat may 09 1998 prospector system <[email protected]>
- translations modified for de, fr, tr
* fri jul 11 1997 erik troan <[email protected]>
- built against glibc
8、查詢軟體包所需的元件
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --requires zip
libc.so.6()(64bit)
libc.so.6(glibc_2.2.5)(64bit)
libc.so.6(glibc_2.3)(64bit)
libc.so.6(glibc_2.3.4)(64bit)
libc.so.6(glibc_2.4)(64bit)
rpmlib(compressedfilenames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(payloadfileshaveprefix) <= 4.0-1
rtld(gnu_hash)
9、查詢檔案提供者
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q --file /bin/ls
coreutils-5.97-34.el5
二、安裝軟體包
安裝失敗，如何進行？
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -e vim-enhanced
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q vim-enhanved
package vim-enhanved is not installed
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -ivh vim-enhanced
error: open of vim-enhanced failed: no such file or directory
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qp vim-enhanved
error: open of vim-enhanved failed: no such file or directory
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qc vim-enhanved
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qf vim-enhanved
error: file /root/vim-enhanved: no such file or directory
[root@desktop7 ~]# ll /etc/inittab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1666 feb 27 06:57 /etc/inittab
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qf /etc/inittab
initscripts-8.45.42-1.el5.centos
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qd /etc/inittab
package /etc/inittab is not installed
三、更新與更新軟體包
四、解除安裝軟體包
五、檢驗軟體包變化狀态
1、查詢軟體
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -q tar
tar-1.15.1-31.el5
2、軟體路徑
[root@desktop7 ~]# whereis tar
tar: /bin/tar /usr/share/man/man1/tar.1.gz
3、軟體提供者
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -qf /bin/tar
4、軟體包現在狀态
[root@desktop7 ~]# rpm -v tar
5、檔案最後異動時間
[root@desktop7 ~]# ls -l /bin/tar
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 230464 feb 24 2012 /bin/tar
6、修改異動時間
[root@desktop7 ~]# touch /bin/tar
7、檢視最後異動時間
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 230464 mar 3 05:50 /bin/tar
8、檢視變化情況
.......t /bin/tar