Windows上使用Cygwin和Gitolite搭建Git伺服器

原文：http://alone11.iteye.com/blog/1078297

安裝cygwin

下載下傳 setup.exe

打開setup.exe, 選擇install from internet

選擇安裝cygwin到c:\cygwin

選擇存儲下載下傳檔案的目錄為c:\

選擇下載下傳站點的鏡像

選擇安裝以下軟體包：

net | openssh (不要選成openssl)

devel | git

devel | git-completion

devel | git-gui

devel | git-svn (如果需要同時送出到svn)

devel | gitk

editors | vim

內建cygwin和windows

security

打開c:\cygwin\cygwin.bat

$ bin/cyglsa-config

warning: registering the cygwin lsa authentication package requires administrator privileges! you also have to reboot the machine to activate the change. 

are you sure you want to continue? (yes/no)

選擇yes

重新開機windows

搭建ssh伺服器

$ ssh-host-config

*** info: generating /etc/ssh_host_key

*** info: generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key

*** info: generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key

*** info: generating /etc/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

*** info: creating default /etc/ssh_config file

*** info: creating default /etc/sshd_config file

*** info: privilege separation is set to yes by default since openssh 3.3.

*** info: however, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.

*** info: for more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/readme.privsep.

*** query: should privilege separation be used? (yes/no)

*** info: note that creating a new user requires that the current account have

*** info: administrator privileges. should this script attempt to create a

*** query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no)

*** info: updating /etc/sshd_config file

*** info: added ssh to c:\windows\system32\driversc\services

*** warning: the following functions require administrator privileges!

*** query: do you want to install sshd as a service?

*** query: (say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no)

*** query: enter the value of cygwin for the daemon: []

輸入tty

*** info: the sshd service has been installed under the localsystem

*** info: account (also known as system). to start the service now, call

*** info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -s sshd'. otherwise, it

*** info: will start automatically after the next reboot.

*** info: host configuration finished. have fun!

配置結束，确認端口22可用。啟動服務：sc start sshd

允許ssh用戶端通路

建立一個名為git的使用者，設定密碼，并確定密碼不會過期。

在cygwin bash中，執行指令: mkpasswd -l -u git >> /etc/passwd

驗證下ssh登入

打開cygwin bash

$ ssh [email protected]

administrator@china-fe1bdcde5 ~

the authenticity of host '10.0.2.15 (10.0.2.15)' can't be established.

ecdsa key fingerprint is 5d:a6:81:98:43:fa:5a:f6:df:ba:18:b9:a0:76:87:f8.

are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

warning: permanently added '10.0.2.15' (ecdsa) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]'s password:

could not chdir to home directory /home/git: no such file or directory

copying skeleton files.

these files are for the users to personalise their cygwin experience.

they will never be overwritten nor automatically updated.

`./.bashrc' -> `/home/git//.bashrc'

`./.bash_profile' -> `/home/git//.bash_profile'

`./.inputrc' -> `/home/git//.inputrc'

`./.profile' -> `/home/git//.profile'

git@china-fe1bdcde5 ~

$

以git使用者登入成功

建立ssh密鑰, 并使能夠通過ssh identity以git使用者登入ssh伺服器

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa (所有輸入都為空，即使用預設配置，密碼為空)

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

generating public/private rsa key pair.

enter file in which to save the key (/home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):

enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

enter same passphrase again:

your identification has been saved in /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.

your public key has been saved in /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

the key fingerprint is:

6a:02:9f:42:99:7c:fe:52:e7:a9:fe:1b:15:1e:70:31 administrator@china-fe1bdcde5

the key's randomart image is:

+--[ rsa 2048]----+

| . e. |

| o . |

| o |

| . o . o |

| * . s o |

| . = ..... |

| . =.oo.. |

| ..+ o. |

| o+oo. |

+-----------------+

$ ssh-copy-id [email protected] (輸入git使用者密碼)

$ ssh-copy-id [email protected]

now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '[email protected]'", and check in:

~/.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

驗證下，以git使用者登入：ssh [email protected]

last login: sat jun 11 23:06:14 2011 from china-fe1bdcde5

不需要輸入密碼，即登入成功

安裝gitolite

$ cd /tmp

$ git clone git://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite.git

$ cd gitolite/src/

$ ./gl-easy-install git 10.0.2.15 alec (可以單獨執行gl-easy-install檢視各個參數的意義)

根據安裝向導一步步完成配置(其中需要配置alec的密碼，生成ssh密鑰)

當走到需要編輯配置檔案(用vim編輯)的時候，在開頭插入：$env{path} = "/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin";，儲存并退出(:wq) 如： 

# configuration variables for gitolite

$env{path} = "/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin"; 

# please read the documentation before editing or asking questions

# ( http://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite/blob/pu/doc/gitolite.rc.mkd )

# ( or http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/doc/gitolite.rc.html )

# this file is in perl syntax. however, you do not need to know perl to edit

# it; it should be fairly self-explanatory and easy to maintain

繼續完成安裝。當完成安裝之後，可以在目前使用者的home目錄下面看到gitolite-admin目錄。

$ cd ~/gitolite-admin

$ git status

administrator@china-fe1bdcde5 ~/gitolite-admin

# on branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

到此整個git server已經安裝結束，可以參考gitolite文檔來配置：添加user和repository