王華，法國裡昂商學院創新管理學教授、法國裡昂商學院副校長、裡昂商學院亞洲校區校長、亞歐商學院法方院長。
wang hua is a professor of innovation management at emlyon business school, associate dean of emlyon business school, dean of emlyon business school asia and french dean of asia europe business school.
孫軒，南開大學周恩來政府管理學院副教授、數字城市治理實驗室主任，在城市模組化、城市計算、數字城市和智慧城市等領域擁有豐富的教研經驗。
sun xuan is an associate professor at the department of public administration, zhou enlai school of government and the director of digital city lab, nankai university. he has rich teaching and research experience in urban modeling, urban computing, digital city and smart city.
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高大偉：十分榮幸今天能與兩位交流。孫教授，您來自南開大學，這是天津的一所知名大學。王教授，您來自上海的法國裡昂商學院。有一場非常重要的活動即将召開，那就是天津世界智能大會。兩位都是相關領域的專家，我想問一個非常簡單的問題：王教授，科技對于教育有着怎樣的影響呢？
王：謝謝你的提問。我的答案是，科技肯定加速了線上教育的發展。我們都知道新冠肺炎疫情迫使我們向着線上音頻、視訊和教育平台的方向發展。我想多說一點，要警惕在後疫情時代網絡創新的顯著衰退，背後的原因很簡單：人們仍然想要獲得真實的體驗。
是以，這也促使我們進行下一步的反思和準備。以科技和學習者為基礎的教學方法，共同造就了線上學習系統的新方式。是以我認為，現在我們已經有必要為後疫情時代的科技變革，以及線上學習的新方法去做準備了。
高大偉：非常感謝，王教授。孫教授，在您看來，科技對您教育學生的方式有什麼樣的影響呢？
孫：毫無疑問，科技的發展給教育帶來了巨大的改變。我認為變化主要展現在兩方面：教學内容與教學方法。就教學内容而言，我們新增了很多聚焦于科技應用的課程。
就教學方法而言，要講的也有很多。首先，遠端教學在近幾年得到了快速發展。現如今，教育已不再局限于教室中了。線上教育是一種沉浸式體驗，也受到了很多學生的歡迎。無論我們身在何處，隻要電腦接入網絡，我們就可以參與課堂。
有了高效的網絡，例如5g無線通信網絡，人們就能夠享受沉浸式課堂體驗，與老師同學實時互動。尤其是在疫情期間，遠端教學真正在教育中發揮了重要作用。現在，所有這些都可以通過虛拟現實和虛拟仿真技術來實作。
還有一些教學輔助應用也跟随人工智能被開發出來。成功的教育不僅是課堂的呈現，輔導、練習和評估對于教育來說也很重要。在過去，這些工作全部是由教師完成的。教師本身時間、精力和能力有限，加上個人主觀情感，會對教學效果産生很大的影響。但通過人工智能技術，很多輔助性的教學工作可以由計算機完成，計算機有更強勁的知識背景、更靈活的時間安排和更客觀的立場。
高大偉：我們生活在科技變革的時代。王教授，在你看來有哪些重大的颠覆性技術需要我們關注，尤其是在天津世界智能大會上？
王：我想從兩個方面來闡述。第一個方面是基于人工智能與大資料的産業應用技術。我關注這個問題的原因是，我們确實發現了資訊通信技術産業的從業者正面臨着新的挑戰。人工智能、大資料和5g的基礎設施已經落成，接下來是如何具體把這些技術運用到不同的産業中，例如汽車行業、制藥、醫療保健、金融和智慧城市。這是我想談的第一點。
第二個方面是，我們可以預見到兩種技術範式的出現。這是一個非常重要的領域，尤其是對于産業從業者而言。我們看到了當下的資訊通信技術産業，未來也會看到基于量子技術的競争與合作将如何改變現狀。
高大偉：非常感謝，王教授。孫教授，你認為我們應該關注哪些變化？
孫：對我來說，目前最重要的科技變革，在于我們溝通的方式。我們與他人交流想法比從前便捷了許多。網際網路把我們連接配接在一起，無論相隔多遠。無線網絡，尤其是5g技術，讓我們可以随心所欲、随時随地上網。在過去，我們需要面對面交談，或是寫下想說的話，才能讓别人知道我們的想法。但現在通過資料傳輸，我們想法的每個細節和與之相關的實體因素都可以很容易地分享給他人。
高大偉：這是一個複雜的世界，我們需要交流，需要相遇，也希望能通過這些交流和相遇，我們能為21世紀湧現出的新問題找到解決方案。非常感謝。
gosset: it's a great honor to be able to talk to you today. professor sun, you are in nankai university, the very famous university in tianjin. professor wang, you are at emlyon in shanghai. we have this very important event coming, the world intelligence congress in tianjin. you are experts in these fields, and i wanted to ask you a very simple question. what is the impact, professor wang, of technology on education?
wang: thank you for your question. my answer is that, definitely, it is the acceleration on the online education. we all know that the covid has forced us to move towards that direction, based on the online audio, video and the learning platform. what i want to say more is a kind of alert on the significant fading of the online innovation in the post-covid period, simply because people still want to have the real experience.
so, that is why that drives us to the next stage of reflection and preparation. that is the technology- and learner-based pedagogy method, working together to generate new ways of online-based learning system. so, i think that today we need already to prepare for the post-covid technology change and the new ways of online learning.
gosset: thank you very much, professor. professor sun, how do you see the impact of technology on the way you educate your students?
sun: undoubtedly, there is a big change in education with the development of technology. i think the change mainly lies in two aspects, the content we teach and the way we teach. for the content, we add many new lessons and courses that focus on technology applications.
for the changes of the way we teach, there is also much to talk. first, distance teaching and learning has obtained a rapid growth these years. now, education is not restricted to a classroom anymore. online education is immersion and welcomed by many students. no matter where we are, we can participate in lessons if only your computer is connected to the web. with the efficient network, for example, the 5g wireless communication network, you can now enjoy an immersive experience of lessons and interact with your teachers and classmates at real time. especially in the pandemic period of covid-19, distance teaching and learning really play an important role in education. now, all can be conducted with technologies of virtual reality and simulation.
there are also some teaching assistant applications developed with artificial intelligence. a successful education does not just include all of presentation. tutoring, exercises and evaluations are also important for education. in the past, all of the jobs were accomplished by teachers. the limitations of time, energy and knowledge of teachers and also their subjective feelings may have great influence on the effect of education. but by means of ai technology, a lot of auxiliary teaching jobs can actually be done by computers with more powerful knowledge background, flexible schedule and objective standpoint.
gosset:we are living in the world of tech changes. where do you see the major disruptions coming that all of us, especially at the world intelligence congress in tianjin, we need to pay attention to, professor wang?
wang: i want to pinpoint two aspects. the first aspect is the industrial application technology based on the artificial intelligence and big data. why i focus on that is we do find out that ict industrial people, they are facing a new challenge. it's that infrastructure of ai, big data, 5g are there, and then concretely, how we can implement them into the different industries like automobile industry, pharmaceutical, healthcare, finance, smart cities. so, that is the first point i want to mention.
the second one, what we can anticipate is possibly the emergence of two technology paradigms. this is also a very important field to anticipate, especially for the industrial people. we do see the ict industry for the moment, and we will also see that how the quantum technology-based competition and coordination will change the landscape.
gosset: thank you very much, professor. professor sun, what do you think, we need to pay attention to which changes?
sun: yes, for me, the most important technology change at the moment, i think, is the way we communicate. it is much easier to exchange our ideas with others than before. the internet connects us together, no matter how far away we are. the wireless network, especially the 5g, makes us online at anytime, anywhere if only we need to and we want to. in the past, we needed to talk face to face or write down what we want to express to make others know our ideas. but now through data transmission, every detail of our thought and related physical factors could be easily shared by others.
gosset: this is a world of complexity. we need to exchange, we need to encounter, and hopefully, through these exchanges, to find solutions for the new problems that we are seeing emerging in this 21st century. thank you very much.