【龍騰網】QA問題：東南亞文化是否印度文化與中國文化的融合？

正文翻譯

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Johannes Sulistyo

Almost correct.

But I doubt the Chinese one. At least reading Larry Gonick’s cartoon and his reading material sources, I would say that it is the Indochina that influences the Chinese, particularly the Southern one (the barbaric Yue people). The Yues have been part of Chinese history since ancient times, but is always different from the rest of other middle kingdom entities.

When the Chinese adopted and accepted Buddhism during Han dynasty period. It is not until Tang dynasty that it became so mainstream and fully adopted into tri-dharma school (three righteous way), which composed of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.

The first scxt was brought in from ancient Afghanistan. And thus born the Chinese “connection” with Indian Buddhism culture, which were heavily influenced by Hindu culture. In turn, this influenced some IndoChinese, especially Vietnam.

幾乎是對的。

但我懷疑關于中國的說法。至少讀過拉裡·戈尼克的漫畫和他的閱讀材料後，我會說是印度支那影響了中國，特别是南方的越人（野蠻的越人）。越人自古以來就是中國曆史的一部分，但始終與中央王國其他地區不同。

中國人在漢代開始接受佛教。直到唐代，佛教才成為主流，并被完全納入三教派（三正道），即道教、儒教和佛教。

南亞最早的文字是從古代阿富汗傳入的。由此，中國與印度佛教文化産生了“聯系”，而印度佛教文化深受印度教文化的影響。反過來，這又影響了一些印度支那人，尤其是越南人。

What I learn at school

Before the merchants from Arabian Peninsula arrived here, merchants from “Barat” (Indonesian for ‘west’) or India, particularly Gujarat, arrived here first. They replaced animism and dynamism with Hinduism. This brand of local Hinduism is actually a unique mixture between local beliefs and wisdoms, inserted into mainstream Hindu beliefs.

Evidence includes:

Prambanan temple, a heritage of Hinduism past:

Our shadow puppet art or “wayang”

我在學校學到什麼

在阿拉伯半島的商人抵達之前，來自“巴拉特”（印尼語意為“西方”）或印度，特别是古吉拉特邦的商人已經先來到這裡。他們用印度教取代了萬物有靈論和活力論。這種本土印度教實際上是将本土信仰和智慧獨特地融合在一起，融入主流印度教信仰之中。

證據包括：

普蘭巴南寺廟，印度教過去的遺産：

我們的皮影戲藝術或“皮影戲”

原創翻譯：龍騰網 https://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請注明出處

Notice the Javanese scxt that borrows from Brahmi scxt, which is also used in Sanskrit. The ancient form or kawi (Sanskrit: kavi, or ‘poet’), is pretty much undistinguishable from the south Indian scxts.

While wayangs are largely inspired by Hindu mythologies. The locals, particularly Javanese inserted a couple of local wisdom figures into the general storyline such as this figure “Semar”:

In the wayang plays, Semar is often inserted in Stan Lee-like Marvel cameos, as the wise figure who gives practical instead of philosophical advice to the main characters. He reflects the usually practical and worldly Javanese “down to earth” kind of wisdom.

King Suryavarman II of Khmer Empire, who builds the famous Angkor Wat. The building is proudly displayed in Cambodian flag today.

請注意，爪哇文借用了婆羅米文，而婆羅米文也用于梵文。古代形式或kawi （梵語：kavi，即“詩人”）與南印度文字幾乎沒有差別。

雖然皮影戲很大程度上受到印度神話的啟發。當地人，尤其是爪哇人，在故事情節中加入了幾個當地智慧人物，比如這個人物“Semar”：

在皮影戲中，塞馬爾經常像斯坦·李一樣客串，作為智者為主角提供實用而非哲學的建議。他展現了爪哇人通常務實和世故的“腳踏實地”的智慧。

高棉帝國的蘇利耶跋摩二世國王，建造了著名的吳哥窟。如今，這座建築驕傲地懸挂在高棉國旗上。

Notice the strong Indian influence in His name and the architecture.

Our currency:

Indonesian rupiah - Wikipedia

Rupiah is derived from Sanskrit Rupyakam, which probably also inspired Indian Rupee. It means “silver”. Colloquially, Indonesians sometimes uses word “perak” or silver in Malay for rupiah, just as Americans use “bucks” for US dollar and Britons use “quid” for Poundsterling.

Hindu god Vishnu (Wisnu)’s vahana (wahana) or “mount”, is the mythical bird of Garuda is:

請注意他的名字和建築中濃厚的印度影響。

我們的貨币：

印度尼西亞盧比 - 維基百科

盧比源于梵語Rupyakam，印度盧比可能也受其啟發。意思是“銀”。在口語中，印尼人有時會用馬來語中的“perak”或“銀”來表示盧比，就像美國人用“bucks”表示美元，英國人用“quid”表示英鎊一樣。

印度教神毗濕奴（Wisnu）的坐騎，即“坐騎”，是神話中的迦樓羅（Garuda）鳥：

You can’t deny the connection with ancient India.

Then we came to contact with China. This means that we were already “cultured” when the Chinese arrived, making their influence on Southeast Asia rather a “later foreign adaptation” than the “actual source material” that inspires the development and expansion of our culture.

But this might be different for Vietnam, which was influenced more by the Chinese and less connection with India and neighbouring cultures.

你不能否認與古印度的聯系。

然後我們開始接觸中國。這意味着當中國人到來時，我們已經“有文化了”，這使得他們對東南亞的影響更像是“後來的外來文化”，而不是激發我們文化發展和擴張的“實際源頭”。

但越南的情況可能有所不同，因為越南受中國的影響更大，與印度和鄰國文化的聯系較少。

評論翻譯

@Nguyễn Văn Hùng

As a Vietnamese, thank you for acknowledging that we are not influenced by Indian culture.

Although Vietnamese people don’t like China, Chinese culture is really much better than India

作為一個越南人，感謝你承認我們沒有受到印度文化的影響。

雖然越南人并不喜歡中國，但是中國文化真的比印度強多了。

@Just Travelling

Indonesia, Thailand and Malayasia along with Cambodia have been influenced by Indian culture. Vietnam is more influenced by Chinese culture.

印度尼西亞、泰國、馬來西亞以及高棉都受到了印度文化的影響。越南更多地受到了中國文化的影響。

@Aryan Arav

Singapore, Myanmar as well

新加坡、緬甸也是如此

@Ben Soo

Southeast Asia is part of the Chinese world aka ‘Sinosphore’ influenced by India through Buddhism or Islam, just like China!

東南亞是中國世界的一部分，通過佛教或伊斯蘭教受到了印度文化的影響，就像中國一樣！

@Ayush Karn

South vietnam along with philliphenes was influenced by indian culture more during champa rule or I can say north vietnam also to a extent because of buddhism

在占婆統治時期，南越南和菲律賓受到了更多的印度文化影響，我可以說北越南也在某種程度上受到了佛教的影響。

@Nguyễn Văn Hùng

Vietnam tiene algo de arquitectura hindú, pero el 90% de nuestra cultura antigua proviene de China.

越南确實有一些印度教建築，但是我們90%的古代文化是來自中國。

@Andy Broqueza

Philippines is influenced by China more than India in the pre-colonial era. However, in the modern-day, most of the Philippines culture and mindset were influenced by Spanish and Americans. Only a small percentage of Philippine culture is Indian or Chinese

在殖民前，菲律賓受到的中國影響比印度更大。然而，在現代，菲律賓的大部分文化和思維方式都受到了西班牙人和美國人的影響。菲律賓文化中隻有很小一部分是印度或中國的。

@Paruchuri S Prasad

Good question ans very lucid answer.

As a Indian who knows the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana and once a cricket aficionado, Srilankan names always intrigued me as they are name that we generally use for rulers of warriors. Sri Lankan President is Mythripala Sirisena. Their former President was Chanrika Kumaratunga and her mother, perhaps the first woman PM of any country was SiriMao Bhandaranayake.

Later I feel in love with the name Megawati Sukarnoputi, your former President. This was exotic. One of your satellites was name Chakrawarta; I do not know if it is still in orbit. Even Jakarta has its origins in Sanskit root. As you said, influence of Indian culture is very heavy on Indonesian culture.

Love to read more such posts from you.

很好的問題和清晰的回答。

作為一個熟悉《摩诃婆羅多》和《羅摩衍那》的印度人，曾經是闆球愛好者，斯裡蘭卡的名字總是讓我感到好奇，因為它們通常是我們用來稱呼統治者或武士的名字。斯裡蘭卡總統是Mythripala Sirisena。他們的前總統是Chanrika Kumaratunga，她的母親，也許是任何國家的第一位女總理，是SiriMao Bhandaranayake。

後來，我愛上了你們前總統梅加瓦蒂·蘇卡爾諾普蒂的名字。這太有異國情調了。你們的一個衛星被命名為Chakrawarta；我不知道它是否還在軌道上。甚至雅加達的起源也可以追溯到梵語。正如你所說，印度文化對印度尼西亞文化的影響非常深遠。

期待讀到更多這樣的文章。

@Naveen Kumar

Well, Indonesia means “Indian Islands” (and also “Internal Islands”). South East Asia was earlier called East Indies.

嗯，印度尼西亞的意思是“印度群島”（也包括“内部群島”）。東南亞以前被稱為東印度群島。

@Soham Bhandari

Better to say india used islands

更好的說法是印度使用了這些島嶼

@Kala Asmna

Indian allied islands.

We never conquered them,more like strong friends.

印度的盟友島。

我們從未征服它們，更像是強大的朋友。

@Sandhya Bhandarwar

Yes, Indonesia has cities names Purwakarta , Yogyakarta …

是的，印度尼西亞有普爾瓦卡塔、日惹等城市...