紅杉中國投了一家想替代英偉達的中國公司

導語：天數智芯表示其GPU是從零開始開發的。

據The Information報道，紅杉是一家備受矚目的中國風險投資公司，最近與SequoiaCapital分道揚镳。根據三位知情人士的消息，紅杉已經投資了一家初創公司，該公司将在中國市場與美國人工智能晶片巨頭英偉達競争。這是紅杉在國内人工智能晶片初創公司方面最近值得矚目的投資之一。

這次投資涉及的上海天數智芯，此前的投資估值已經超過了10億美元。此次投資發生在美國試圖通過出口限制，阻止中國擷取英偉達生産的世界最先進晶片的前提下，這一前提為中國加快開發本土替代方案增加了緊迫性。紅杉是中國最大、最成功的風險投資公司，該公司的投資行動備受其他投資者、創始人以及外國政府機構的關注。

紅杉曾是Sequoia的一部分，但在分離後，美國議員對該公司在中國人工智能和晶片初創公司的投資表示擔憂，擔心這可能幫助中國在該領域迎頭趕上美國。對于中國的風險投資公司來說，支援國内替代英偉達的公司與中國的目标相符。上周，Sequoia告訴其支援者，自己與紅杉的分離已經完成，這一舉措減輕了這家矽谷風險投資公司所面臨的一些政治壓力。

紅杉投資了天數智芯，該公司開發了圖形處理單元（GPU），這種晶片對于新的人工智能服務如ChatGPT等至關重要。這次投資的資本主要來自紅杉的人民币基金，該基金由中國投資者投資。據知情人士稱，這筆資金僅是天數智芯新一輪融資的一部分。

盡管我們無法了解紅杉投資了多少金額，但根據中國媒體報道，去年天數智芯的估值已經超過了10億美元。天數智芯的現有投資者包括得到北京和上海市政府支援的國有基金、國有電信營運商中國聯通以及中國私募股權公司厚樸投資等。

天數智芯成立于2015年底，由一批半導體和軟體行業的資深人士建立，其中一些曾在全球知名公司工作過，如英偉達、AMD和甲骨文。在其網站上，紅杉中國表示其責任是為中國的國家戰略服務。在中國，天數智芯的通用GPU晶片經過三年的開發，被認為是挑戰英偉達晶片的潛在競争對手之一。

紅杉不僅支援天數智芯，還投資了其他中國GPU初創公司。在2021年初，當時被稱為Sequoia Capital China的紅杉，投資了上海的MetaX Tech和北京的摩爾線程，這兩家公司都專注于GPU的開發。

根據PitchBook的資料，截至2022年7月，MetaX的估值為144億元人民币（20億美元）。而摩爾線程，及其他支援者包括國有企業以及科技巨頭騰訊和位元組跳動，截至2022年12月，估值為240億元人民币（34億美元）。

然而，摩爾線程在2022年10月面臨新的挑戰，美國政府出于國家安全考慮将其列入貿易黑名單。分析師表示，這麼做可能是阻止與全球最大、最先進的晶片代工制造商台積電合作。

華盛頓的舉措顯示，人工智能晶片領域已經成為美中科技戰中最激烈的戰場之一。摩爾線程在2022年11月完成了新一輪融資，新的估值尚不清楚，主要投資來自中國私募股權公司，尚不清楚參與該輪融資的投資者是否在美國實施制裁之前已經承諾要參與。

目前尚不清楚中國的人工智能晶片開發有多大程度依賴國内技術。據The Information報道，摩爾線程和其他一些中國主要的GPU初創公司，如Vastai Technologies和壁仞科技，已經與總部位于英國的GPU設計公司Imagination Technologies達成了未披露的許可協定。

但是天數智芯（英文名Iluvatar在J.R.R.托爾金的小說中意為“衆神之父”）沒有Imagination許可的技術，該初創公司表示其GPU是從零開始開發的。該公司表示，天數智芯的GPU于2021年第三季度開始商業化，截至2022年初已産生數千萬美元的訂單價值。

盡管中國的GPU制造商得到了政府和私人資金的迅速支援，但提供可行的替代方案以取代英偉達并不容易。在上個月的一次采訪中，著名風險投資家、去年創辦了總部位于北京的AI初創公司01.AI的李開複表示，使英偉達難以取代的是其CUDA軟體庫周圍的整個生态系統，該軟體庫使程式設計晶片變得更容易。

他說：“如果我們無法獲得英偉達晶片，我們将尋找更專注于變壓器的簡化晶片，但這将是一個痛苦的程式設計過程。但如果别無選擇，那我們也沒有辦法。”

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