完成代碼，不是一蹴而就的工作，需要你不斷去調試，重構，疊代。有些時候還需要你回到更早的版本去再去試錯和優化。
在這個過程當中，git可以非常友善的完成代碼版本管理的工作。
是以不光要把代碼在電腦上面寫好，還要同步到github和大家共享。這樣可以互相交流和學習。
什麼是版本控制
git對各個代碼檔案進行版本控制，畢竟項目的代碼總是在不斷的疊代和優化，這中間其實會經曆一個又一個的版本，這就需要一個高效的版本控制工具将其管理起來。
建立一個目錄，并且将這個目錄作為項目目錄，和這個項目相關的所有檔案都會放到這個目錄裡面。
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % ls
go.mod main.go
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % pwd
/Users/lulei/go/src/awesomeProject1 接下來初始化這個倉庫
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % ls -al
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 5 lulei staff 160 5 24 11:11 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 lulei staff 192 5 23 08:09 ..
drwxr-xr-x 6 lulei staff 192 5 24 07:42 .idea
-rw-r--r-- 1 lulei staff 32 5 18 09:41 go.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 lulei staff 373 5 24 11:11 main.go
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git init
hint: Using 'master' as the name for the initial branch. This default branch name
hint: is subject to change. To configure the initial branch name to use in all
hint: of your new repositories, which will suppress this warning, call:
hint:
hint: git config --global init.defaultBranch <name>
hint:
hint: Names commonly chosen instead of 'master' are 'main', 'trunk' and
hint: 'development'. The just-created branch can be renamed via this command:
hint:
hint: git branch -m <name>
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/lulei/go/src/awesomeProject1/.git/
//可以看到多了.git這個目錄
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % ls -al
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 6 lulei staff 192 5 24 15:22 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 lulei staff 192 5 23 08:09 ..
drwxr-xr-x 9 lulei staff 288 5 24 15:22 .git
drwxr-xr-x 6 lulei staff 192 5 24 07:42 .idea
-rw-r--r-- 1 lulei staff 32 5 18 09:41 go.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 lulei staff 373 5 24 11:11 main.go 上面初始化完成之後，還需要對倉庫進行簡單的配置。這樣更好的能夠讓git記錄到底誰在什麼時候對相應的檔案進行什麼操作。
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git config --global user.name "lulei"
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git config --global --list
user.name=lulei
[email protected] 當多人協作的時候，一起開發代碼，那上面的配置是十分有意義的。
git簡單操作
檢視目前狀态，可以看到沒有東西需要送出
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.idea/
go.mod
main.go
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) 可以看到git跟蹤到變化啦，需要去送出
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git add .
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
new file: .idea/.gitignore
new file: .idea/awesomeProject1.iml
new file: .idea/modules.xml
new file: go.mod
new file: main.go -m是做注釋，每當釋出新版本，做一個版本說明。送出新版本就使用這個指令。
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git commit -m "go awesomeProject1 project"
[master (root-commit) fd1c0b4] go awesomeProject1 project
5 files changed, 59 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 .idea/.gitignore
create mode 100644 .idea/awesomeProject1.iml
create mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
create mode 100644 go.mod
create mode 100644 main.go
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean 
從無到有建立檔案，或者對原來的檔案進行了修改。git add之後就從以修改變為以暫存的狀态。最後一種狀态就是以送出，運作commit指令之後。
這三種狀态又對應三個區域。
建立檔案和對檔案的編輯操作都是在工作區域進行的， 目前這個檔案是修改狀态，并且處于工作區域。
git add 之後，檔案狀态就發生了變化，從工作區域移動到暫存區域，狀态從以修改變為了以暫存。
git commit 之後就從暫存到送出狀态了，從暫存區域移動到了倉庫區域。
git log指令可以顯示曆史所有送出
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git log
commit 18421665952d87455f170174c916c3095fced526 (HEAD -> master)
Author: lulei <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 24 15:52:46 2022 +0800
go awesomeProject1 project
commit fd1c0b41066849ba8bb00002b9adf9a78070ba78
Author: lulei <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 24 15:45:45 2022 +0800
go awesomeProject1 project 将本地倉庫同步到遠端GitHub倉庫
github就是開源項目的聚集平台，每個人都可以将自己代碼釋出到上面。
本地對代碼做了修改和送出，怎麼将其同步到GitHub遠端倉庫呢？
添加倉庫有兩種方式，一種是從頭建立一個倉庫，另外一種是fork别人的倉庫。
倉庫選擇ssh協定， 因為使用https協定的話，在同步本地倉庫和遠端倉庫的時候，都需要輸入使用者名和密碼，使用ssh協定隻需要一開始配置好公鑰和私鑰就行了。
現在是需要将本地倉庫同步到遠端倉庫
給我們的本地倉庫添加遠端倉庫
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git remote add origin [email protected]:lovekeepcoding/test_git.git
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git remote
origin 配置公鑰和私鑰，私鑰不要洩漏出去，公鑰無所謂
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/lulei/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/lulei/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/lulei/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:WJSTIo3pVBP1z8EXZZhtV9Pq9cI1l+9xgW03EfEUTX0 [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| =+ooo .@#|
| = oo+. . o=E|
| o . .... o +o*|
| . o o +.B=|
| . S oo.oO|
| +.+|
| oo|
| .|
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % cd /Users/lulei/.ssh
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro .ssh % ls
id_rsa 私鑰 id_rsa.pub 公鑰 known_hosts 将公鑰裡面的内容複制
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro .ssh % cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa 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 [email protected] lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % ssh -T [email protected]
The authenticity of host 'github.com (20.205.243.166)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:p2QAMXNIC1TJYWeIOttrVc98/R1BUFWu3/LiyKgUfQM.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,20.205.243.166' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Hi lovekeepcoding! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access. lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git remote -v
origin https://github.com/lovekeepcoding/test_git.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/lovekeepcoding/test_git.git (push)
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git remote remove origin
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git remote add origin [email protected]:lovekeepcoding/test_git.git
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git remote -v
origin [email protected]:lovekeepcoding/test_git.git (fetch)
origin [email protected]:lovekeepcoding/test_git.git (push)
lulei@luleideMacBook-Pro awesomeProject1 % git push -u origin main
Enumerating objects: 12, done.
Counting objects: 100% (12/12), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done.
Writing objects: 100% (12/12), 1.62 KiB | 1.62 MiB/s, done.
Total 12 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.
To github.com:lovekeepcoding/test_git.git
* [new branch] main -> main
Branch 'main' set up to track remote branch 'main' from 'origin'.