Linux 硬碟分區和挂載硬碟

Linux 硬碟分區和挂載硬碟

1.首先檢視Linux硬碟資訊

[[email protected] /]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part

├─rootvg-lvroot (dm-0) 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /

├─rootvg-lvswap (dm-1) 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]

├─rootvg-lvopt (dm-2) 253:2 0 10G 0 lvm /opt

├─rootvg-lvvar (dm-3) 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var

└─rootvg-lvhome (dm-4) 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /home

sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk

[[email protected] /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 68.7 GB, 68719476736 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8354 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0008d86c

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 131 8355 66059264 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot: 32.2 GB, 32208060416 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3915 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvswap: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

有兩塊硬碟 /dev/sda和/dev/sdb ，首先/dev/sda 有兩個分區，sda1 sda2

格式化硬碟/dev/sdb

[[email protected] /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!

Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

13107200 inodes, 52428800 blocks

2621440 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

1600 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

開始分區

1. 建立一個分區 /dev/sdb1

[[email protected] /]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to

sectors (command ‘u’).

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-26108, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-26108, default 26108): +190G

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] /]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part

├─rootvg-lvroot (dm-0) 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /

├─rootvg-lvswap (dm-1) 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]

├─rootvg-lvopt (dm-2) 253:2 0 10G 0 lvm /opt

├─rootvg-lvvar (dm-3) 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var

└─rootvg-lvhome (dm-4) 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /home

sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk

└─sdb1 8:17 0 190G 0 part

這樣就建立了一個分區 190G空間

建立PV

[[email protected] /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Physical volume “/dev/sdb1” successfully created

檢視pv

[[email protected] /]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 rootvg lvm2 a–u 63.00g 0

/dev/sdb1 lvm2 ---- 190.01g 190.01g

建立VG

[[email protected] soft]# vgcreate datavg /dev/sdb1

Volume group “datavg” successfully created

檢視vg

[[email protected] soft]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

datavg 1 0 0 wz–n- 190.00g 190.00g

rootvg 1 5 0 wz–n- 63.00g 0

建立lv 給lv配置設定容量

[[email protected] soft]# lvcreate -L 80G -n datalv1 datavg

Logical volume “datalv1” created.

[[email protected] soft]# lvcreate -L 110G -n datalv2 datavg

Logical volume “datalv2” created.

檢視lv

[[email protected] soft]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

datalv1 datavg -wi-ao---- 80.00g

datalv2 datavg -wi-ao---- 110.00g

lvhome rootvg -wi-ao---- 1.00g

lvopt rootvg -wi-ao---- 10.00g

lvroot rootvg -wi-ao---- 30.00g

lvswap rootvg -wi-ao---- 20.00g

lvvar rootvg -wi-ao---- 2.00g

檢視硬碟分區情況

[[email protected] soft]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part

├─rootvg-lvroot (dm-0) 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /

├─rootvg-lvswap (dm-1) 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]

├─rootvg-lvopt (dm-2) 253:2 0 10G 0 lvm /opt

├─rootvg-lvvar (dm-3) 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var

└─rootvg-lvhome (dm-4) 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /home

sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk

└─sdb1 8:17 0 190G 0 part

├─datavg-datalv1 (dm-5) 253:5 0 80G 0 lvm

└─datavg-datalv2 (dm-6) 253:6 0 110G 0 lvm

建立檔案系統

[[email protected] soft]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/datavg/datalv1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

5242880 inodes, 20971520 blocks

1048576 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

640 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[[email protected] soft]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/datavg/datalv2

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

7208960 inodes, 28835840 blocks

1441792 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

880 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

建立檔案目錄并挂載lv 注意需要自己建立的目錄這樣挂載，不能挂載現有的目錄，

否則會隐藏資料資訊

mkdir /data

[[email protected] soft]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv1 /data

[[email protected] soft]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv2 /vdata

[[email protected] soft]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv1 /datas

檢視挂載

[[email protected] soft]# df -h

一勞永逸的挂載

[[email protected] soft]# vi /etc/fstab

pv /dev/sdb1 對應一個分區 擴容rootvg不能将 pv /dev/sdb1 加入datavg 否則擴容不了

不用建立datavg datavg 隻是建立分區建立使用的 擴容不用這個，PV建立之後就可執行

下面的操作

用 pv /dev/sdb1 擴容rootvg 将實體卷/dev/sdb1 添加進 rootvg實體卷組 以達到擴容實體卷組的效果

[[email protected] sysadm]# vgextend rootvg /dev/sdb1

Volume group “rootvg” successfully extended

[[email protected] sysadm]# vgs 隻有一個rootvg

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

rootvg 2 5 0 wz–n- 562.99g <500.00g

[[email protected] sysadm]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk

sda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part 、

├─rootvg-lvroot 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /

├─rootvg-lvswap 253:1 0 20G 0 lvm [SWAP]

├─rootvg-lvvar 253:2 0 2G 0 lvm /var

├─rootvg-lvhome 253:3 0 1G 0 lvm /home

└─rootvg-lvopt 253:4 0 10G 0 lvm /opt

sdb 8:16 0 500G 0 disk

└─sdb1 8:17 0 500G 0 part

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

擴容lv 是實體卷組rootvg剩餘空間的10%

[ro[email protected] dev]# lvextend -l +10%FREE /dev/rootvg/lvvar

Size of logical volume rootvg/lvvar changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 51.90 GiB (13287 extents).

Logical volume rootvg/lvvar successfully resized.

下面這種擴容方式也可以

[[email protected] dev]# lvextend -L +100000m /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar

[[email protected] gitlab]# df -h /var

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar 2.0G 999M 916M 53% /var

[[email protected] gitlab]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

lvhome rootvg -wi-ao---- 1.00g

lvopt rootvg -wi-ao---- 10.00g

lvroot rootvg -wi-ao---- 30.00g

lvswap rootvg -wi-ao---- 20.00g

lvvar rootvg -wi-ao---- 22.00g

[[email protected] gitlab]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar to 5767168 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar is now 5767168 blocks long.

resize2fs是針對ext檔案系統格式；

如果是centos7的預設檔案系統XFS，需要使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar

[[email protected] gitlab]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvroot 30G 12G 17G 43% /

tmpfs 16G 80K 16G 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 1008M 62M 895M 7% /boot

/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvhome 1008M 34M 924M 4% /home

/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvopt 9.9G 1.4G 8.1G 14% /opt

/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvvar 22G 1001M 20G 5% /var

pvs 檢視可以剩餘使用的pv空間