在我們學習的過程中，肯定會用到各種各樣的子產品。是以今天我們從time子產品開始學習
首先我們在使用某個子產品的時候，肯定要先導入這個子產品
而當我們想看看這個子產品是幹什麼的，我們可以使用help函數來看
1 "E:\Program Files (x86)\python_3.8\python.exe" D:/Application/pycharm_works/_1/test/python子產品之time子產品.py
2 Help on built-in module time:
3
4 NAME
5 time - This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.
6
7 DESCRIPTION
8 There are two standard representations of time. One is the number
9 of seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k.a. GMT). It may be an integer
10 or a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).
11 The Epoch is system-defined; on Unix, it is generally January 1st, 1970.
12 The actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime(0).
13
14 The other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time.
15 The tuple items are:
16 year (including century, e.g. 1998)
17 month (1-12)
18 day (1-31)
19 hours (0-23)
20 minutes (0-59)
21 seconds (0-59)
22 weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)
23 Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)
24 DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1)
25 If the DST flag is 0, the time is given in the regular time zone;
26 if it is 1, the time is given in the DST time zone;
27 if it is -1, mktime() should guess based on the date and time.
28
29 CLASSES
30 builtins.tuple(builtins.object)
31 struct_time
32
33 class struct_time(builtins.tuple)
34 | struct_time(iterable=(), /)
35 |
36 | The time value as returned by gmtime(), localtime(), and strptime(), and
37 | accepted by asctime(), mktime() and strftime(). May be considered as a
38 | sequence of 9 integers.
39 |
40 | Note that several fields' values are not the same as those defined by
41 | the C language standard for struct tm. For example, the value of the
42 | field tm_year is the actual year, not year - 1900. See individual
43 | fields' descriptions for details.
44 |
45 | Method resolution order:
46 | struct_time
47 | builtins.tuple
48 | builtins.object
49 |
50 | Methods defined here:
51 |
52 | __reduce__(...)
53 | Helper for pickle.
54 |
55 | __repr__(self, /)
56 | Return repr(self).
57 |
58 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
59 | Static methods defined here:
60 |
61 | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
62 | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.
63 |
64 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
65 | Data descriptors defined here:
66 |
67 | tm_gmtoff
68 | offset from UTC in seconds
69 |
70 | tm_hour
71 | hours, range [0, 23]
72 |
73 | tm_isdst
74 | 1 if summer time is in effect, 0 if not, and -1 if unknown
75 |
76 | tm_mday
77 | day of month, range [1, 31]
78 |
79 | tm_min
80 | minutes, range [0, 59]
81 |
82 | tm_mon
83 | month of year, range [1, 12]
84 |
85 | tm_sec
86 | seconds, range [0, 61])
87 |
88 | tm_wday
89 | day of week, range [0, 6], Monday is 0
90 |
91 | tm_yday
92 | day of year, range [1, 366]
93 |
94 | tm_year
95 | year, for example, 1993
96 |
97 | tm_zone
98 | abbreviation of timezone name
99 |
100 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
101 | Data and other attributes defined here:
102 |
103 | n_fields = 11
104 |
105 | n_sequence_fields = 9
106 |
107 | n_unnamed_fields = 0
108 |
109 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
110 | Methods inherited from builtins.tuple:
111 |
112 | __add__(self, value, /)
113 | Return self+value.
114 |
115 | __contains__(self, key, /)
116 | Return key in self.
117 |
118 | __eq__(self, value, /)
119 | Return self==value.
120 |
121 | __ge__(self, value, /)
122 | Return self>=value.
123 |
124 | __getattribute__(self, name, /)
125 | Return getattr(self, name).
126 |
127 | __getitem__(self, key, /)
128 | Return self[key].
129 |
130 | __getnewargs__(self, /)
131 |
132 | __gt__(self, value, /)
133 | Return self>value.
134 |
135 | __hash__(self, /)
136 | Return hash(self).
137 |
138 | __iter__(self, /)
139 | Implement iter(self).
140 |
141 | __le__(self, value, /)
142 | Return self<=value.
143 |
144 | __len__(self, /)
145 | Return len(self).
146 |
147 | __lt__(self, value, /)
148 | Return self<value.
149 |
150 | __mul__(self, value, /)
151 | Return self*value.
152 |
153 | __ne__(self, value, /)
154 | Return self!=value.
155 |
156 | __rmul__(self, value, /)
157 | Return value*self.
158 |
159 | count(self, value, /)
160 | Return number of occurrences of value.
161 |
162 | index(self, value, start=0, stop=9223372036854775807, /)
163 | Return first index of value.
164 |
165 | Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
166
167 FUNCTIONS
168 asctime(...)
169 asctime([tuple]) -> string
170
171 Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.
172 When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()
173 is used.
174
175 ctime(...)
176 ctime(seconds) -> string
177
178 Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
179 This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
180 not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
181
182 get_clock_info(...)
183 get_clock_info(name: str) -> dict
184
185 Get information of the specified clock.
186
187 gmtime(...)
188 gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
189 tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)
190
191 Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a.
192 GMT). When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
193
194 If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as
195 attributes only.
196
197 localtime(...)
198 localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
199 tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
200
201 Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
202 When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
203
204 mktime(...)
205 mktime(tuple) -> floating point number
206
207 Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.
208 Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most
209 time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that
210 of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module.
211
212 monotonic(...)
213 monotonic() -> float
214
215 Monotonic clock, cannot go backward.
216
217 monotonic_ns(...)
218 monotonic_ns() -> int
219
220 Monotonic clock, cannot go backward, as nanoseconds.
221
222 perf_counter(...)
223 perf_counter() -> float
224
225 Performance counter for benchmarking.
226
227 perf_counter_ns(...)
228 perf_counter_ns() -> int
229
230 Performance counter for benchmarking as nanoseconds.
231
232 process_time(...)
233 process_time() -> float
234
235 Process time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
236
237 process_time_ns(...)
238 process_time() -> int
239
240 Process time for profiling as nanoseconds:
241 sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
242
243 sleep(...)
244 sleep(seconds)
245
246 Delay execution for a given number of seconds. The argument may be
247 a floating point number for subsecond precision.
248
249 strftime(...)
250 strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
251
252 Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
253 See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
254 is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
255
256 Commonly used format codes:
257
258 %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
259 %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
260 %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
261 %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
262 %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
263 %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
264 %z Time zone offset from UTC.
265 %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
266 %A Locale's full weekday name.
267 %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
268 %B Locale's full month name.
269 %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
270 %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
271 %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
272
273 Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
274 the C library strftime function.
275
276 strptime(...)
277 strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
278
279 Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification.
280 See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as
281 strftime()).
282
283 Commonly used format codes:
284
285 %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
286 %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
287 %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
288 %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
289 %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
290 %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
291 %z Time zone offset from UTC.
292 %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
293 %A Locale's full weekday name.
294 %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
295 %B Locale's full month name.
296 %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
297 %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
298 %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
299
300 Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
301 the C library strftime function.
302
303 thread_time(...)
304 thread_time() -> float
305
306 Thread time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
307
308 thread_time_ns(...)
309 thread_time() -> int
310
311 Thread time for profiling as nanoseconds:
312 sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
313
314 time(...)
315 time() -> floating point number
316
317 Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
318 Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.
319
320 time_ns(...)
321 time_ns() -> int
322
323 Return the current time in nanoseconds since the Epoch.
324
325 DATA
326 altzone = -32400
327 daylight = 0
328 timezone = -28800
329 tzname = ('中國标準時間', '中國夏令時')
330
331 FILE
332 (built-in)
333
334
335 None
336
337 Process finished with exit code 0 View Code
那麼接下來我們挨個來看看
1. time.time()為目前時間戳，從1900年開始到目前時間的秒數
print(help(time.time)) # 列印幫助資訊
print(time.time()) #1610720236.653394 # 列印目前時間戳 1 Help on built-in function time in module time:
2
3 time(...)
4 time() -> floating point number
5
6 Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
7 Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.
8
9 None
10 1610727247.1696546 View Code
2. time.sleep(secs) 讓程式暫停secs秒
1 print(help(time.sleep)) # 列印幫助資訊
2 time.sleep(3) # 暫停3秒 1 Help on built-in function sleep in module time:
2
3 sleep(...)
4 sleep(seconds)
5
6 Delay execution for a given number of seconds. The argument may be
7 a floating point number for subsecond precision.
8
9 None View Code
3.time.gmtime() 結構化時間，不過要注意的一點是這個時間是世界标準時間(格林尼治時間)
1 print(help(time.gmtime)) # 列印幫助資訊
2 print(time.gmtime()) # 結構化時間 time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=14, tm_min=22, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=15, tm_isdst=0) 1 Help on built-in function gmtime in module time:
2
3 gmtime(...)
4 gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
5 tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)
6
7 Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a.
8 GMT). When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
9
10 If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as
11 attributes only.
12
13 None
14 time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=16, tm_min=16, tm_sec=39, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=15, tm_isdst=0) View Code
不過這時肯定有人該問了，那我們的當地時間怎麼表示呢，是以我們來介紹下一個
4.time.localtime()結構化時間，目前時間
1 print(help(time.localtime)) # 列印幫助資訊
2 print(time.localtime()) # 目前結構化時間 1 Help on built-in function localtime in module time:
2
3 localtime(...)
4 localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
5 tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
6
7 Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
8 When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
9
10 None
11 time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=16, tm_hour=0, tm_min=17, tm_sec=49, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=16, tm_isdst=0) View Code
總說結構化時間，那結構化時間是什麼呢，我們來看看裡面的參數
1 我們來拿上面這個例子來解釋：
2
3 tm_year=2021 目前所在年
4 tm_mon=1 目前所在月
5 tm_mday=15 目前所在天
6 tm_hour=23 目前所在時
7 tm_min=18 目前所在分
8 tm_sec=57 目前所在秒
9 tm_wday=4 目前周的第幾天
10 tm_yday=15 目前年的第幾天 但是有時候我們需要的并不是結構化時間，而是類似于 2021-01-15 23:28:26 這樣的格式化時間，那我們應該怎麼做呢？
6. time.strftime() 将結構話時間化為格式化時間
1 print(help(time.strftime)) # 列印幫助資訊
2 struct_time=time.localtime()
3 print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",struct_time)) # 格式化時間 1 Help on built-in function strftime in module time:
2
3 strftime(...)
4 strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
5
6 Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
7 See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
8 is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
9
10 Commonly used format codes:
11
12 %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
13 %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
14 %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
15 %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
16 %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
17 %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
18 %z Time zone offset from UTC.
19 %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
20 %A Locale's full weekday name.
21 %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
22 %B Locale's full month name.
23 %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
24 %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
25 %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
26
27 Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
28 the C library strftime function.
29
30 None
31 2021-01-16 00:18:38 View Code
同樣這裡為什麼要寫成 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 呢，就是為了控制時間的格式。
那這些都表示什麼呢，我們來看看
1 %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
2 %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
3 %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
4 %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
5 %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
6 %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
7 %z Time zone offset from UTC.
8 %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
9 %A Locale's full weekday name.
10 %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
11 %B Locale's full month name.
12 %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
13 %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
14 %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM. 不過似乎也可以單獨使用 time.strftime()，我們來看看結果，但是我們必須要把格式加上，如下所示：
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) # 格式化時間
# 2021-01-15 23:36:49 那麼，有時候我們也需要把格式化時間轉化為結構化時間來使用，這時我們僅僅需要看看接下來的知識就能掌握
7. time.strptime() 将格式化時間(字元串)轉化為結構化時間
print(help(time.strftime))
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) # 格式化時間
# 2021-01-15 23:36:49 1 Help on built-in function strftime in module time:
2
3 strftime(...)
4 strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
5
6 Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
7 See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
8 is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
9
10 Commonly used format codes:
11
12 %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
13 %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
14 %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
15 %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
16 %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
17 %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
18 %z Time zone offset from UTC.
19 %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
20 %A Locale's full weekday name.
21 %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
22 %B Locale's full month name.
23 %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
24 %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
25 %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
26
27 Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
28 the C library strftime function.
29
30 None
31 2021-01-16 00:20:46 View Code
當然以上隻是一個舉例，具體我們可以采用如下方式：
a=time.strptime("2021-01-15 22:26:28","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(a.tm_yday) # 15
print(a.tm_wday) # 4 最後，我們快接近了尾聲，最後我們再介紹兩個就結束了
8. time.ctime() 将所給時間戳轉變為一個格式化時間
1 print(help(time.ctime)) # 将時間戳轉變為一個格式化時間
2 print(time.ctime()) # 如果不帶參數則預設為目前時間戳
3 print(time.ctime(12412415)) 1 Help on built-in function ctime in module time:
2
3 ctime(...)
4 ctime(seconds) -> string
5
6 Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
7 This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
8 not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
9
10 None
11 Sat Jan 16 00:21:56 2021
12 Sun May 24 23:53:35 1970 View Code
9.time.mktime() 将所給結構化時間轉化為時間戳
1 print(help(time.ctime)) # 列印幫助資訊
2 print(time.mktime(time.localtime())) # 将結構化時間轉化為時間戳 1 Help on built-in function ctime in module time:
2
3 ctime(...)
4 ctime(seconds) -> string
5
6 Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
7 This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
8 not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
9
10 None
11 1610727764.0 View Code
不過值得一提的是，這種方式得到的時間戳精度要比time.time()低的多
最後，在提供一種其他求目前時間的方法
import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.now()) # 2021-01-15 23:55:48.985808 本次time子產品便到此結束，其他子產品下次講解
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