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Linux local source list
A. Ubuntu # 首先挂載本地鏡像 mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./ubuntu.iso /media/cdrom # 手動添加ISO鏡像至源清單，這樣就可以在軟體庫中找到ISO中的所有包 apt-cdrom -m -d=/media/cdrom add # 重新整理軟體庫 apt update # 完成後檢視sources.list ，本地源應該在第一條，否則預設還是從網上下載下傳
e.g. [email protected]:/# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom/ mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [email protected]:/# sudo apt-cdrom -m -d /media/cdrom/ add Using CD-ROM mount point /media/cdrom/ Identifying... [83cd189f3f418ae846baff8ecfba5390-2] Scanning disc for index files... Found 4 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes and 1 signatures Found label 'Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)' This disc is called: 'Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)' Copying package lists...gpgv: Signature made Tue 31 Jul 2018 08:39:26 AM CST using RSA key ID EFE21092 gpgv: Good signature from "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) " Reading Package Indexes... Done Writing new source list Source list entries for this disc are: deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set. [email protected]:/# vim /etc/apt/sources.list # 此時sources.list中多出一行本地源 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted [email protected]:/# [email protected]:/# sudo apt update
平時apt-get install安裝軟體時，下載下傳的deb檔案都會存放在/var/cache/apt/archives/下，為了今後重裝或給别人用 。
步驟： # 建立離線源目錄 mkdir ~/packs # 将緩存複制到目錄 cp -rv /var/cache/apt/archives/* ~/packs # 拷貝過來發現在packs當中為檔案都是root賬戶的，需要修改 # 修改所有者 # sudo chown -R someone.someone * $pack_dir # 修改權限 # sudo chmod ug+rw,o+r * $pack_dir # 建立Packages包，裡面記錄了packs目錄下的軟體包資訊，包括依賴資訊 dpkg-scanpackages ~/packs /dev/null |gzip > packs/Packages.gz -r # 将~/packs複制到目标計算機，或本機的某處 vim /etc/apt/sources.list # 添加 deb file:/// /home/someone/packs/ # 注意： packs後面有一個斜杠，全路徑前面還要有空格 # 更新源 sudo apt-get update ---allow-insecure-repositories sudo apt-get install -f sudo apt-get xxxx --allow-unauthenticated # 本地的源是沒有簽名的，直接更新ubuntu1604下的apt會提示找不到release檔案，是一種不安全的源，預設是被禁用的。如果還要安裝的話需要加上 --allow-unauthenticated 選項。 # N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
B. CentOS
e.g. [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom [[email protected] ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# pwd /etc/yum.repos.d [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo mysql-community.repo mysql-community-source.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/ [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo 寫入以下内容： [name] name="local repo" baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/ enabeld=1 gpgcheck=0 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all # 清除緩存 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: name Cleaning up everything Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum makecache # 建立新緩存 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors name | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): name/group_gz | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): name/primary_db | 776 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): name/other_db | 198 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): name/filelists_db | 298 kB 00:00:00 Metadata Cache Created [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum list | wc -l # 檢視可用個數 546 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]#