## Python資料類型
## 内置資料類型
在程式設計中，資料類型是一個重要的概念。變量可以存儲不同類型的資料，并且不同類型可以執行不同的操作。
在這些類别中，Python預設具有以下内置資料類型：
* 文字類型：str
* 數值類型：int，float， complex
* 序列類型：list，tuple， range
* 映射類型：dict
* 集合類型：set， frozenset
* 布爾類型：bool
* 二進制類型：bytes，bytearray， memoryview
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## 擷取資料類型
您可以使用`type()`函數擷取任何對象的資料類型：
```
x = 5
print(type(x))
```
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## 設定資料類型
在Python中，當您為變量配置設定值時，将設定資料類型：
| Example | Data Type | Try it |
| --- | --- | --- |
| x = "Hello World" | str | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_str) |
| x = 20 | int | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_int) |
| x = 20.5 | float | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_float) |
| x = 1j | complex | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_complex) |
| x = \["apple", "banana", "cherry"\] | list | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_list) |
| x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry") | tuple | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_tuple) |
| x = range(6) | range | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_range) |
| x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36} | dict | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_dict) |
| x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"} | set | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_set) |
| x = frozenset({"apple", "banana", "cherry"}) | frozenset | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_frozenset) |
| x = True | bool | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_bool) |
| x = b"Hello" | bytes | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_bytes) |
| x = bytearray(5) | bytearray | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_bytearray) |
| x = memoryview(bytes(5)) | memoryview | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_memoryview) |
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## 設定特定的資料類型
如果要指定資料類型，則可以使用以下構造函數：
| Example | Data Type | Try it |
| --- | --- | --- |
| x = str("Hello World") | str | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_str2) |
| x = int(20) | int | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_int2) |
| x = float(20.5) | float | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_float2) |
| x = complex(1j) | complex | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_complex2) |
| x = list(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) | list | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_list2) |
| x = tuple(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) | tuple | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_tuple2) |
| x = range(6) | range | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_range2) |
| x = dict(name="John", age=36) | dict | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_dict2) |
| x = set(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) | set | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_set2) |
| x = frozenset(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) | frozenset | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_frozenset2) |
| x = bool(5) | bool | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_bool2) |
| x = bytes(5) | bytes | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_bytes2) |
| x = bytearray(5) | bytearray | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_bytearray2) |
| x = memoryview(bytes(5)) | memoryview | [Try it »](https://www.w3schools.com/python/trypython.asp?filename=demo_type_memoryview2) |