（1）ZygoteInit.main()函數
接下來進入ZygoteInit.main()函數，main()函數的主要作用就是啟動SystemServer服務，并用socket監聽。
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
public static void main(String argv[]) {
//**************** 第一部分 **********************
ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer();
// Mark zygote start. This ensures that thread creation will throw an error.
ZygoteHooks.startZygoteNoThreadCreation();
// Zygote goes into its own process group.
try {
Os.setpgid(0, 0);
} catch (ErrnoException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to setpgid(0,0)", ex);
}
final Runnable caller;
try {
// Report Zygote start time to tron unless it is a runtime restart
if (!"1".equals(SystemProperties.get("sys.boot_completed"))) {
MetricsLogger.histogram(null, "boot_zygote_init",
(int) SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
}
String bootTimeTag = Process.is64Bit() ? "Zygote64Timing" : "Zygote32Timing";
TimingsTraceLog bootTimingsTraceLog = new TimingsTraceLog(bootTimeTag,
Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.enableDdms();
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String socketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
boolean enableLazyPreload = false;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;
} else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
enableLazyPreload = true;
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
}
}
//**************** 第二部分 **********************
if (abiList == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied.");
}
zygoteServer.registerServerSocketFromEnv(socketName);
//**************** 第三部分 **********************
// In some configurations, we avoid preloading resources and classes eagerly.
// In such cases, we will preload things prior to our first fork.
if (!enableLazyPreload) {
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("ZygotePreload");
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
addBootEvent("Zygote:Preload Start");
preload(bootTimingsTraceLog);
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // ZygotePreload
} else {
Zygote.resetNicePriority();
}
// Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("PostZygoteInitGC");
gcAndFinalize();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // PostZygoteInitGC
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // ZygoteInit
// Disable tracing so that forked processes do not inherit stale tracing tags from
// Zygote.
Trace.setTracingEnabled(false, 0);
// Zygote process unmounts root storage spaces.
Zygote.nativeUnmountStorageOnInit();
// Set seccomp policy
Seccomp.setPolicy();
addBootEvent("Zygote:Preload End");
ZygoteHooks.stopZygoteNoThreadCreation();
//**************** 第四部分 **********************
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
//這裡最終執行SystemServer.main方法
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
//**************** 第五部分 **********************
// The select loop returns early in the child process after a fork and
// loops forever in the zygote.
caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
throw ex;
} finally {
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
}
// We're in the child process and have exited the select loop. Proceed to execute the command.
//執行run，保持loop
if (caller != null) {
caller.run();
}
}
主要分為5個部分：
- 建立ZogyteServer并标記啟動（startSystemServer），設定程序pid和gid為0，解析調用參數即argv[]
- 注冊Zygote的socket監聽接口，用于同AMS通信（registerServerSocketFromEnv）
- 預加載系統類和資源（preload）
- fork SystemServer程序（forkSystemServer），并調用其傳回值run方法（即執行SystemServer.main方法）
- 進入loop循環，用于監聽和接收消息，等待AMS請求建立新的應用程式程序（runSelectLoop）
（2）預加載系統類和資源（ZygoteInit.preload()）
為了加快應用程式的啟動，Android把系統公用的Java類和一部分Framework的資源儲存在zygote中了，這樣就可以保證zygote程序fork子程序的是共享的，主要實作是函數preload()。
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
static void preload(BootTimingsTraceLog bootTimingsTraceLog) {
Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("BeginIcuCachePinning");
beginIcuCachePinning();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // BeginIcuCachePinning
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("PreloadClasses");
preloadClasses();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // PreloadClasses
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("PreloadResources");
preloadResources();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // PreloadResources
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PreloadOpenGL");
preloadOpenGL();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
preloadSharedLibraries();
preloadTextResources();
// Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
// for memory sharing purposes.
WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
endIcuCachePinning();
warmUpJcaProviders();
Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
sPreloadComplete = true;
}
其中包括：
| 預加載 | 含義 |
|---|---|
| preloadClasses | 對Java類的預加載 |
| preloadResources | 對資源的預加載 |
| preloadOpenGL | 對OpenGL的預加載 |
| preloadSharedLibraries | 對共享庫的預加載 |
| preloadTextResources | 對文本資源的預加載 |
| WebViewFactory | 對web端的預加載 |
/**
* Performs Zygote process initialization. Loads and initializes
* commonly used classes.
*
* Most classes only cause a few hundred bytes to be allocated, but
* a few will allocate a dozen Kbytes (in one case, 500+K).
*/
private static final String PRELOADED_CLASSES = "/system/etc/preloaded-classes";
private static void preloadClasses() {
final VMRuntime runtime = VMRuntime.getRuntime();
InputStream is;
try {
is = new FileInputStream(PRELOADED_CLASSES);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't find " + PRELOADED_CLASSES + ".");
return;
}
Log.i(TAG, "Preloading classes...");
...
}
- 打開檔案PRELOADED_CLASSES，PRELOADED_CLASSES的定義是PRELOADED_CLASSES = “/system/etc/preloaded-classes”
- 使用BufferedReader對象,讀取檔案内容
- 使用Class.forName函數加載類
這個預加載的preloaded-classes檔案中有幾千個類，可見Zygote程序初始化的時候任務還是很繁重的，這也是導緻Android系統啟動慢的原因之一。
（3）啟動SystemServer（forkSystemServer）
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the child (system_server) process.
//這裡的Runnable接口
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
上面的Runnable接口就是後續的MethodAndArgsCaller執行個體，通過執行其run方法進入執行SystemServer.main方法 。
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName,
ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits(
OsConstants.CAP_IPC_LOCK,
OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_PTRACE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG,
OsConstants.CAP_WAKE_ALARM
);
/* Containers run without this capability, so avoid setting it in that case */
if (!SystemProperties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER, false)) {
capabilities |= posixCapabilitiesAsBits(OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND);
}
/* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
/* Request to fork the system server process */
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* For child process */
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return null;
}
forkSystemServer()主要是設定參數，然後調用Zygote.forkSystemServer()方法，再判斷是否有SecondaryZygote啟動，有則等待其啟動，無則傳回。
這裡進入Zygote.forkSystemServer()看一下
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags,
int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
VM_HOOKS.preFork();
// Resets nice priority for zygote process.
resetNicePriority();
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
// Enable tracing as soon as we enter the system_server.
if (pid == 0) {
Trace.setTracingEnabled(true);
}
VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
return pid;
}
native private static int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities);
代碼主要是調用native層的函數nativeForkSystemServer，而nativeForkSystemServer函數實作如下
//frameworks/base/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(
JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids,
jint debug_flags, jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities,
jlong effectiveCapabilities) {
pid_t pid = ForkAndSpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids,
debug_flags, rlimits,
permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities,
MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, true, NULL,
NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (pid > 0) {
// The zygote process checks whether the child process has died or not.
ALOGI("System server process %d has been created", pid);
gSystemServerPid = pid;
// There is a slight window that the system server process has crashed
// but it went unnoticed because we haven't published its pid yet. So
// we recheck here just to make sure that all is well.
int status;
if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) == pid) {
ALOGE("System server process %d has died. Restarting Zygote!", pid);
RuntimeAbort(env, __LINE__, "System server process has died. Restarting Zygote!");
}
}
return pid;
}
- 建立子程序
- 如果System Server死亡，就重新開機Zygote
接下來進入handleSystemServerProcess進行分析
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
/**
* Finish remaining work for the newly forked system server process.
*/
private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
// set umask to 0077 so new files and directories will default to owner-only permissions.
Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
}
final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath);
// Capturing profiles is only supported for debug or eng builds since selinux normally
// prevents it.
boolean profileSystemServer = SystemProperties.getBoolean(
"dalvik.vm.profilesystemserver", false);
if (profileSystemServer && (Build.IS_USERDEBUG || Build.IS_ENG)) {
try {
File profileDir = Environment.getDataProfilesDePackageDirectory(
Process.SYSTEM_UID, "system_server");
File profile = new File(profileDir, "primary.prof");
profile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
profile.createNewFile();
String[] codePaths = systemServerClasspath.split(":");
VMRuntime.registerAppInfo(profile.getPath(), codePaths);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to set up system server profile", e);
}
}
}
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;
// If we have a non-null system server class path, we'll have to duplicate the
// existing arguments and append the classpath to it. ART will handle the classpath
// correctly when we exec a new process.
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2];
amendedArgs[0] = "-cp";
amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath;
System.arraycopy(args, 0, amendedArgs, 2, args.length);
args = amendedArgs;
}
WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
/*
* Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
*/
ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
}
/* should never reach here */
}
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (RuntimeInit.DEBUG) {
Slog.d(RuntimeInit.TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();
RuntimeInit.commonInit();
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();
return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
由于invokeWith為null，是以會進入到ZygoteInit.zygoteInit()函數中，進而調用RuntimeInit.applicationInit()。
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv,
ClassLoader classLoader) {
// If the application calls System.exit(), terminate the process
// immediately without running any shutdown hooks. It is not possible to
// shutdown an Android application gracefully. Among other things, the
// Android runtime shutdown hooks close the Binder driver, which can cause
// leftover running threads to crash before the process actually exits.
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
// We want to be fairly aggressive about heap utilization, to avoid
// holding on to a lot of memory that isn't needed.
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv);
// The end of of the RuntimeInit event (see #zygoteInit).
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
進而調用到findStaticMain()來加載SystemServer的main函數。
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
/**
* Invokes a static "main(argv[]) method on class "className".
* Converts various failing exceptions into RuntimeExceptions, with
* the assumption that they will then cause the VM instance to exit.
*
* @param className Fully-qualified class name
* @param argv Argument vector for main()
* @param classLoader the classLoader to load {@className} with
*/
protected static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv,
ClassLoader classLoader) {
Class<?> cl;
try {
//加載com.android.server.SystemServer類
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
//獲得SystemServer的main方法
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
//判斷main方法是否是public和static類型
if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Main method is not public and static on " + className);
}
/*
* This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds
* by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement
* clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting
* up the process.
*/
//抛出MethodAndArgsCaller異常，進而執行SystemServer的main方法
return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
我們來看一下MethodAndArgsCaller這個類
//frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
/**
* Helper class which holds a method and arguments and can call them. This is used as part of
* a trampoline to get rid of the initial process setup stack frames.
*/
static class MethodAndArgsCaller implements Runnable {
/** method to call */
private final Method mMethod;
/** argument array */
private final String[] mArgs;
//儲存傳遞過來的參數
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
//通過反射來真正執行SystemServer.main方法
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
最終是由前面的r.run()來執行SystemServer.main方法。
（4）執行ZygoteServer.runSelectLoop()
最後的runSelectLoop比較簡單，主要是通過無限循環loop來等待AMS連接配接socket，進而于AMS進行通信。
至此，進入到SystemServer的Java世界啦，開始執行SystemServer的main方法。
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