http協定詳解1. 基礎概念篇 附錄：參考資料2. 協定詳解篇附錄：參考資料

1.??虹?姒?蹇電??

1.1?浠?缁?

? HTTP??Hyper Text Transfer Protocol锛?瓒?????浼?杈???璁?锛???缂╁????瀹?????灞???涓?缁寸???浼?锛?World Wide Web Consortium锛???Internet宸ヤ?灏?缁?IETF锛?Internet Engineering Task Force锛???浣???缁???锛?锛?浠?浠?锛???缁???甯?浜?涓?绯誨????RFC锛?RFC 1945瀹?涔?浜?HTTP/1.0???????朵腑????????灏辨??RFC 2616??RFC 2616瀹?涔?浜?浠?澶╂????浣跨?ㄧ??涓?涓?????????HTTP 1.1??

HTTP??璁?锛?HyperText Transfer Protocol锛?瓒?????浼?杈???璁?锛????ㄤ?浠?WWW???″?ㄤ?杈?瓒??????版???版?瑙??ㄧ??浼?????璁???瀹???浠ヤ嬌娴?瑙??ㄦ?村??楂???锛?浣跨?缁?浼?杈???灏???瀹?涓?浠?淇?璇?璁＄???烘?ｇ‘蹇????頒?杈?瓒???????妗ｏ?杩?纭?瀹?浼?杈???妗ｄ腑????涓??ㄥ??锛?浠ュ?????ㄥ????瀹歸????劇ず(濡???????浜??懼艦)绛???

HTTP??涓?涓?搴??ㄥ???璁?锛??辮?鋒?????搴?????锛???涓?涓???????瀹㈡?風?????″?ㄦā????HTTP??涓?涓????舵??????璁???

1.2???CP/IP??璁???涓???浣?缃?

HTTP??璁???甯告?胯澆浜?TCP??璁?涔?涓?锛????朵??胯澆浜?TLS??SSL??璁?灞?涔?涓?锛?杩?涓??跺??锛?灏辨??浜???浠?甯歌?寸??HTTPS??濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

????

榛?璁?TTP??绔??ｅ?蜂負80锛?HTTPS??绔??ｅ?蜂負443??

1.3?HTTP??璇鋒???搴?妯″??

HTTP??璁?姘歌??芥??瀹㈡?風????璧瘋?鋒?锛????″?ㄥ??????搴???瑙?涓??撅?

???

杩??峰氨???朵?浣跨??TTP??璁?锛???娉?瀹??闆?ㄥ?㈡?風??娌℃????璧瘋?鋒????跺??锛????″?ㄥ?娑????ㄩ??缁?瀹㈡?風????

HTTP??璁???涓?涓????舵??????璁?锛???涓?涓?瀹㈡?風????杩?娆¤?鋒???涓?娆¤?鋒???娌℃??瀵瑰??崇郴??

1.4?宸ヤ?娴?绋?

涓?娆?TTP??浣?绉頒負涓?涓?浜??★??跺伐浣?杩?绋?????涓哄??姝ワ?

1锛?棣???瀹㈡?鋒?轟????″?ㄩ??瑕?寤虹??杩??ャ????瑕????繪??涓?瓒?绾ч?炬?ワ?HTTP??宸ヤ?寮?濮???

2锛?寤虹??杩??ュ??锛?瀹㈡?鋒?哄????涓?涓?璇鋒?缁????″???璇鋒??瑰????煎?涓猴?缁?涓?璧?婧???璇?绗??URL锛?????璁??????鳳???杈規??MIME淇℃??????璇鋒?淇?楗扮????瀹㈡?鋒?轟俊???????界????瀹廣??

3锛????″?ㄦ?ュ?拌?鋒???锛?缁?浜??稿?????搴?淇℃??锛??舵?煎?涓轟?涓??舵??琛?锛?????淇℃??????璁??????楓??涓?涓?????????璇???浠ｇ??锛???杈規??MIME淇℃?????????″?ㄤ俊????瀹?浣?淇℃???????界????瀹廣??

4锛?瀹㈡?風???ユ?舵???″?ㄦ??杩?????淇℃????杩?娴?瑙??ㄦ?劇ず?ㄧ?ㄦ?風???劇ず灞?涓?锛??跺??瀹㈡?鋒?轟????″?ㄦ??寮?杩??ャ??

濡????ㄤ互涓?杩?绋?涓?????涓?姝ュ?虹?伴??璇?锛??ｄ?浜х????璇???淇℃??灏?杩????闆?㈡?風??锛????劇ず灞?杈??恒??瀵逛??ㄦ?鋒?ヨ?達?杩?浜?杩?绋?????TTP??宸卞??????锛??ㄦ?峰??瑕??ㄩ????瑰?夥?绛?寰?淇℃???劇ず灏卞??浠ヤ???

1.5?浣跨??ireshark??TCP??http??

??寮?Wireshark锛????╁伐?鋒??涓?????Capture??->??Options??锛????㈤???╁?????绀猴?

????????????????????????????

?? 璁劇疆Capture??椤?

涓???璇昏??????瑕????╂??涓?杈圭??涓???妗?锛????╁??????Device锛??????瑰?燴??Capture Filter??锛?姝ゅ????╃??????HTTP TCP port锛?80锛???锛????╁???瑰?諱??劇????Start??寮?濮???????

??????????????????????????????????

?? ????apture Filter

渚?濡??ㄦ?瑙??ㄤ腑??寮?http://image.baidu.com/锛?????濡?????绀猴?

??? http://www.blogjava.net/images/blogjava_net/amigoxie/40799/o_http%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-3.jpg

??? ?????

?ㄤ??句腑锛???娓??扮?????闆?㈡?風??娴?瑙????ip涓?92.168.2.33锛?涓????″?ㄧ??浜や?杩?绋?锛?

1锛?No1锛?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛??????″???220.181.50.118锛????鴻??ヨ?鋒???姝や負TCP涓?娆℃?℃??绗?涓?姝ワ?姝ゆ?朵??句腑??浠ョ???猴?涓?YN锛?seq:X?锛?x=0锛?

2锛?No2锛????″???220.181.50.118锛???搴?浜?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛???璇鋒?锛?骞惰?姹?纭?璁わ?姝ゆ?朵負锛?SYN锛?ACK锛?姝ゆ??eq锛?y锛?y涓?锛?锛?ACK锛?x+1锛?涓?锛???姝や負涓?娆℃?℃????绗?浜?姝ワ?

3锛?No3锛?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛???搴?浜????″???220.181.50.118锛???纭?璁わ?杩??ユ??????涓猴?ACK锛?姝ゆ??eq锛?x+1锛?涓?锛?锛?ACK锛?y+1锛?涓?锛???姝や負涓?娆℃?℃????绗?涓?姝ワ?

4锛?No4锛?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛????轟?涓?椤甸??TTP璇鋒?锛?

5锛?No5锛????″???220.181.50.118锛?纭?璁わ?

6锛?No6锛????″???220.181.50.118锛??????版??锛?

7锛?No7锛?瀹㈡?風??娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛?纭?璁わ?

8锛?No14锛?瀹㈡?風??锛?192.168.2.33锛????轟?涓??劇??HTTP璇鋒?锛?

9锛?No15锛????″???220.181.50.118锛??????舵????搴???200 OK

????

1.6?澶村??

姣?涓?澶村???變?涓?????锛????鳳?:锛??????間??ㄥ??缁???????????澶у??????崇??锛????煎????浠ユ坊??浠諱??伴????绌烘?肩???澶村????浠ヨ??╁?涓哄?琛?锛??ㄦ??琛?寮?濮?澶?锛?浣跨?ㄨ?沖?涓?涓?绌烘?兼???惰〃绗???

?ㄦ???????句腑锛?No14?瑰??????闆?????绀猴?

??http://www.blogjava.net/images/blogjava_net/amigoxie/40799/o_http%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-4.jpg

?? http璇鋒?娑???

?????????搴???娑???濡?????绀猴?

???????????????

?? http?舵????搴?淇℃??

1.6.1?host澶村??

Host澶村????瀹?璇鋒?璧?婧???Intenet涓繪?哄??绔??ｅ?鳳?蹇?椤昏〃绀鴻?鋒?url????濮????″?ㄦ??缃??崇??浣?缃???HTTP/1.1璇鋒?蹇?椤誨????涓繪?哄ご??锛?????绯葷?浼?浠?00?舵????杩?????

??涓?host?ｈ?涓猴?

???

1.6.2?Referer澶村??

Referer澶村????璁稿?㈡?風????瀹?璇鋒?uri??婧?璧?婧??闆??锛?杩???浠ュ??璁告???″?ㄧ?????????捐〃锛????ㄦ?ョ?婚????浼???cache绛???浠?涔???璁稿??ょ??????璇???杩??ョ?變?缁存?ょ??????琚?杩借釜??濡???璇鋒???uri娌℃????宸辯??uri?闆??锛?Referer涓??借???????濡?????瀹??????ㄥ??uri?闆??锛???姝ゅ?闆??搴?璇ユ??涓?涓??稿?瑰?闆????

?ㄥ??涓?锛?Referer琛?????瀹逛負锛?

???

1.6.3?User-Agent澶村??

User-Agent澶村??????瀹瑰???????鴻?鋒????ㄦ?蜂俊????

?ㄥ??涓?锛?User-Agent琛?????瀹逛負锛?

??http://www.blogjava.net/images/blogjava_net/amigoxie/40799/o_http%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-8.jpg

1.6.4?Cache-Control澶村??

Cache-Control??瀹?璇鋒?????搴??靛驚??缂?瀛??哄?躲???ㄨ?鋒?娑???????搴?娑???涓?璁劇疆Cache-Control骞朵?浼?淇??瑰???涓?娑???澶???杩?绋?涓???缂?瀛?澶???杩?绋???璇鋒??剁??缂?瀛???浠ゅ????no-cache??no-store??max-age??max-stale??min-fresh??only-if-cached锛???搴?娑???涓?????浠ゅ????public??private??no-cache??no-store??no-transform??must-revalidate??proxy-revalidate??max-age??

?ㄥ??涓???璇ュご??涓猴?

???

1.6.5?Date澶村??

Date澶村??琛ㄧず娑??????????堕?達??堕?寸????杩版?煎???fc822瀹?涔???渚?濡?锛?Date:Mon,31Dec200104:25:57GMT??Date??杩扮???堕?磋〃绀轟????????訛??㈢???????版?堕?達???瑕??ラ???ㄦ?鋒???ㄧ???跺?恒??

??涓?锛?璇ュご??濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

???

?

1.7?HTTP????涓???瑕?姒?蹇?/h2>

1.7.1杩??ワ?Connection

涓?涓?浼?杈?灞???瀹?????娴?锛?瀹???寤虹???ㄤ袱涓??鎬???璁???搴??ㄧ?搴?涔??淬??

??ttp1.1锛?request??reponse澶翠腑?芥?????藉?虹?頒?涓?connection??澶達?姝?eader????涔???褰?client??server??淇℃?跺?逛??塊?炬?ュ?浣?杩?琛?澶?????

??ttp1.1涓?锛?client??server?芥??榛?璁ゅ?規?規?????塊?炬?ョ??锛??濡???client浣跨??ttp1.1??璁?锛?浣???涓?甯???浣跨?ㄩ?塊?炬?ワ?????瑕???eader涓?????connection???間負close锛?濡???server?逛?涓??蟲?????塊?炬?ワ?????esponse涓?涔???瑕???纭?璇存??connection???間負close??涓?璁?equest杩???response??header涓?????浜??間負close??connection锛??借〃??褰???姝ｅ?ㄤ嬌?ㄧ??tcp?炬?ュ?ㄥ?澶╄?鋒?澶???瀹?姣???浼?琚???????浠ュ??client??杩?琛??扮??璇鋒??跺氨蹇?椤誨??寤烘?扮??tcp?炬?ヤ???

1.7.2娑???锛?Message

HTTP??璁????烘????浣?锛?????涓?涓?缁???????????缁?搴???骞堕??杩?杩??ヤ?杈???

1.7.3璇鋒?锛?Request

涓?涓?浠?瀹㈡?風???版???″?ㄧ??璇鋒?淇℃??????搴??ㄤ?璧?婧????規???璧?婧?????璇?绗?????璁????????楓??

1.7.4??搴?锛?Response

涓?涓?浠????″?ㄨ?????淇℃??????HTTP??璁????????楓??璇鋒????舵??(渚?濡?????????????娌℃?懼?扳??)????妗ｇ??MIME绫誨????

1.7.5璧?婧?锛?Resource

??RI??璇???缃?缁??版??瀵矽薄?????°??

1.7.6瀹?浣?锛?Entity

?版??璧?婧????ヨ?????¤?婧?????????涓?绉??規??琛ㄧず?規?锛?瀹????借????村?ㄤ?涓?璇鋒?????搴?淇℃??涓???涓?涓?瀹?浣?????瀹?浣?澶翠俊????瀹?浣?????韬???瀹廣??

1.7.7瀹㈡?鋒?猴?Client

涓?涓?涓哄????璇鋒???????寤虹??杩??ョ??搴??ㄧ?搴???

1.7.8?ㄦ?蜂唬??锛?UserAgent

??濮???涓?涓?璇鋒???瀹㈡?鋒?恒??瀹?浠???娴?瑙??ㄣ??缂?杈??ㄦ???跺???ㄦ?峰伐?楓??

1.7.9???″???Server

涓?涓??ュ??杩??ュ苟瀵矽?鋒?杩???淇℃????搴??ㄧ?搴???

1.7.10婧????″???Originserver

??涓?涓?缁?瀹?璧?婧???浠ュ?ㄥ?朵?椹葷????琚???寤虹?????″?ㄣ??

1.7.11浠ｇ??锛?Proxy

涓?涓?涓??寸?搴?锛?瀹???浠ュ??褰?涓?涓????″???涔???浠ュ??褰?涓?涓?瀹㈡?鋒?猴?涓哄?跺??瀹㈡?鋒?哄緩绔?璇鋒???璇鋒?????杩????界??缈昏???ㄥ???ㄦ??缁?杩?浼????闆?跺???????″?ㄤ腑??涓?涓?浠ｇ???ㄥ????璇鋒?淇℃??涔???锛?蹇?椤昏В??骞朵?濡??????介????瀹???

浠ｇ??缁?甯鎬?涓洪??杩??茬??澧???瀹㈡?鋒?虹?????ㄦ?鳳?浠ｇ??杩???浠ヤ?涓轟?涓?甯??╁??ㄦ?ラ??杩???璁?澶???娌℃??琚??ㄦ?蜂唬??瀹?????璇鋒???

1.7.12缃??籌?Gateway

涓?涓?浣?涓哄?跺?????″?ㄤ腑?村??浠??????″?ㄣ??涓?浠ｇ??涓???????锛?缃??蟲?ュ??璇鋒?灏卞ソ璞″?矽?璇鋒???璧?婧??ヨ?村??灏辨??婧????″??????鴻?鋒???瀹㈡?鋒?哄苟娌℃????璇??闆???ㄥ??缃??蟲??浜ら????

缃??崇?甯鎬?涓洪??杩??茬??澧??????″?ㄧ?????ㄦ?鳳?缃??寵???浠ヤ?涓轟?涓???璁?缈昏???ㄤ互渚垮?????ｄ?瀛??ㄥ?ㄩ??HTTP绯葷?涓???璧?婧???

1.7.13????锛?Tunnel

??浣?涓轟袱涓?杩??ヤ腑缁х??涓?浠?绋?搴???涓????娲夥?????渚胯?璁や負涓?灞?浜?HTTP??璁?锛?灏界?￠???????芥??琚?涓?涓?HTTP璇鋒???濮???????褰?琚?涓?缁х??杩??ヤ袱绔??抽???訛?????渚挎?澶便??褰?涓?涓??ㄦ??Portal)蹇?椤誨???ㄦ??涓?浠?(Intermediary)涓??借В??涓?缁х????璁??堕????琚?缁?甯鎬嬌?ㄣ??

1.7.14缂?瀛?锛?Cache

??搴?淇℃????灞???瀛??ㄣ??

??? ??褰?锛?????璧???

??http_?懼害?劇???锛?http://baike.baidu.com/view/9472.htm

??缁???缂?????http?舵????搴?????锛?http://blog.tieniu1980.cn/archives/377

??????TCP??涓?娆℃?℃????锛?

http://cache.baidu.com/c?m=9f65cb4a8c8507ed4fece763104c8c711923d030678197027fa3c215cc7905141130a8e5747e0d548d98297a5ae91e03f7f63772315477e3cacdd94cdbbdc42225d82c36734f844315c419d891007a9f34d507a9f916a2e1b065d2f48193864353bb15543897f1fb4d711edd1b86033093b1e94e022e67adec40728e2e605f983431c5508fe4&p=c6769a46c5820efd08e2973b42&user=baidu

??浣跨??ireshark?ユ?娴?涓?娆?TTP杩??ヨ?绋???锛?

http://blog.163.com/wangbo_tester/blog/static/12806792120098174162288/

??http??璁?????涓???瑕?姒?蹇點??锛?http://nc.mofcom.gov.cn/news/10819972.html

??http??璁?涓?connection澶寸??浣??ㄣ??锛?

??????? http://blog.csdn.net/barfoo/archive/2008/06/05/2514667.aspx?

2.???璁?璇?В绡?

2.1?HTTP/1.0??HTTP/1.1??姣?杈?

RFC 1945瀹?涔?浜?HTTP/1.0????锛?RFC 2616瀹?涔?浜?HTTP/1.1??????

绗?????log涓???渚?浜?杩?涓や釜RFC涓???????涓?杞藉?闆????

RFC1945涓?杞藉?闆??锛?

http://www.blogjava.net/Files/amigoxie/RFC1945锛?HTTP锛?涓?????.rar

RFC2616涓?杞藉?闆??锛?

http://www.blogjava.net/Files/amigoxie/RFC2616锛?HTTP锛?涓?????.rar

2.1.1寤虹??杩??ユ?歸??/h3>

HTTP/1.0?姣?娆¤?鋒??介??瑕?寤虹???扮??TCP杩??ワ?杩??ヤ??藉??ㄣ??HTTP/1.1??扮??璇鋒???浠ュ?ㄤ?娆¤?鋒?寤虹????TCP杩??ヤ?涓?????锛?杩??ュ??浠ュ??ㄣ??浼??規????灏???澶?杩?琛?TCP涓?娆℃?℃????寮???锛???楂???????

娉ㄦ??锛??ㄥ??涓?涓?TCP杩??ヤ腑锛??扮??璇鋒???瑕?绛?涓?娆¤?鋒??跺?闆??搴???锛????藉??????

2.1.2?Host??

HTTP1.1??equest娑???澶撮??澶村?浜?涓?涓?Host??, HTTP1.0??娌℃??杩?涓?????

Eg锛?

????GET?/pub/WWW/TheProject.html?HTTP/1.1

????Host:?www.w3.org

????????TTP1.0???跺??璁や負锛?寤虹??TCP杩??ョ???跺??宸茬???瀹?浜?IP?闆??锛?杩?涓?IP?闆??涓?????涓?涓?host??

2.1.3?ユ???堕?存??/h3>

(?ユ?舵?瑰??)

??璁烘??HTTP1.0杩???HTTP1.1锛??借??借В??涓????绉?date/time stamp锛?

Sun,?06?Nov?1994?08:49:37?GMT?;?RFC?822,?updated?by?RFC?1123

Sunday,?06-Nov-94?08:49:37?GMT?;?RFC?850,?obsoleted?by?RFC?1036

Sun?Nov?6?08:49:37?1994???????;?ANSI?C's?asctime()?format

?????? (?????瑰??)

HTTP1.0瑕?姹?涓??界????绗?涓?绉?asctime?煎???date/time stamp锛?

HTTP1.1??瑕?姹???????RFC 1123(绗?涓?绉?)?煎???date/time stamp??

2.1.4?舵????搴???

?舵????搴???100 (Continue)??舵??浠ｇ????浣跨?????璁稿?㈡?風???ㄥ??request娑???body涔???????equest header璇????涓?server锛???server瑕?涓?瑕??ユ??equest body锛????沖??瑕?涓?瑕???request body??

瀹㈡?風????equest澶撮?ㄤ腑????

Expect:?100-continue

?????? Server???頒????㈠?????100 (Continue)?杩?涓??舵??浠ｇ??锛?瀹㈡?風??灏辯戶缁???request body??杩?涓???HTTP1.1????????

?????TTP/1.1涓?杩?澧???浜?101??203??205绛?绛??х?舵????搴???

2.1.5璇鋒??瑰?

HTTP1.1澧???浜?OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT杩?浜?Request?規?.

?????? Method???????? = "OPTIONS"??????????????? ; Section 9.2

????????????????????? | "GET"??????????????????? ; Section 9.3

????????????????????? | "HEAD"?????????????????? ; Section 9.4

????????????????????? | "POST"?????????????????? ; Section 9.5

????????????????????? | "PUT"??????????????????? ; Section 9.6

????????????????????? | "DELETE"???????????????? ; Section 9.7

????????????????????? | "TRACE"????????????????? ; Section 9.8

????????????????????? | "CONNECT"??????????????? ; Section 9.9

????????????????????? | extension-method

?????? extension-method = token

2.2?HTTP璇鋒?娑???

2.2.1璇鋒?娑????煎?

璇鋒?娑????煎?濡?涓???绀猴?

璇鋒?琛?

???ㄤ俊??澶?璇鋒?澶?瀹?浣?澶?

CRLF(??杞??㈣?)

瀹?浣???瀹?

?朵腑??璇鋒?琛???涓猴?璇鋒?琛??=??規??[绌烘???璇鋒?URI [绌烘????????仿?[??杞??㈣?]

璇鋒?琛?瀹?渚?锛?

Eg1锛?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.1

?????? Eg2锛?

POST?http://192.168.2.217:8080/index.jsp HTTP/1.1

HTTP璇鋒?娑???瀹?渚?锛?

GET?/hello.htm?HTTP/1.1

Accept:?*/*

Accept-Language:?zh-cn

Accept-Encoding:?gzip,?deflate

If-Modified-Since:?Wed,?17?Oct?2007?02:15:55?GMT

If-None-Match:?W/"158-1192587355000"

User-Agent:?Mozilla/4.0?(compatible;?MSIE?6.0;?Windows?NT?5.1;?SV1)

Host:?192.168.2.162:8080

Connection:?Keep-Alive

2.2.2璇鋒??規?

?????? HTTP??璇鋒??規?????濡?涓???绉?锛?

q??????GET

q??????POST

q??????HEAD

q??????PUT

q??????DELETE

q??????OPTIONS

q??????TRACE

q??????CONNECT

2.3 HTTP??搴?娑???

2.3.1??搴?娑????煎?

HTTP??搴?娑??????煎?濡?涓???绀猴?

?舵??琛?

???ㄤ俊??澶???搴?澶?瀹?浣?澶?

CRLF

瀹?浣???瀹?

?朵腑锛??舵??琛??=??????仿?[绌烘????舵?????[绌烘????????[??杞??㈣?]

?舵??琛?涓句?锛?

Eg1锛?

HTTP/1.0?200?OK?

????? Eg2锛?

HTTP/1.1?400?Bad?Request

???? HTTP??搴?娑???瀹?渚?濡?涓???绀猴?

HTTP/1.1?200?OK

ETag:?W/"158-1192590101000"

Last-Modified:?Wed,?17?Oct?2007?03:01:41?GMT

Content-Type:?text/html

Content-Length:?158

Date:?Wed,?17?Oct?2007?03:01:59?GMT

Server:?Apache-Coyote/1.1

2.3.2?http???舵????搴???

2.3.2.1 ?1**锛?璇鋒??跺?幫?缁х畫澶???

100????瀹㈡?峰?椤葷戶缁????鴻?鋒?

101????瀹㈡?瘋?姹????″?ㄦ?規??璇鋒?杞???TTP??璁?????

2.3.2.2 ?2**锛???浣??????跺?幫????????ュ??

200????浜ゆ??????

201??????绀虹?ラ???版??浠剁??URL

202?????ュ????澶?????浣?澶?????瀹???

203????杩???淇℃??涓?纭?瀹???涓?瀹???

204????璇鋒??跺?幫?浣?杩???淇℃??涓虹┖

205???????″?ㄥ????浜?璇鋒?锛??ㄦ?蜂唬??蹇?椤誨?浣?褰???宸茬?娴?瑙?杩?????浠?

206???????″?ㄥ凡缁?瀹???浜??ㄥ???ㄦ?風??GET璇鋒?

2.3.2.3 ?3**锛?瀹???姝よ?鋒?蹇?椤昏?涓?姝ュ???

300????璇鋒???璧?婧????ㄥ?澶?寰???

301???????よ?鋒??版??

302?????ㄥ?朵??闆?????頒?璇鋒??版??

303????寤鴻??瀹㈡?瘋?塊???朵?URL??璁塊???瑰?

304????瀹㈡?風??宸茬??ц?浜?GET锛?浣???浠舵??????

305????璇鋒???璧?婧?蹇?椤諱????″?ㄦ??瀹????闆??寰???

306??????涓?????HTTP涓?浣跨?ㄧ??浠ｇ??锛??拌?????涓?涓???浣跨??

307?????蟲??璇鋒???璧?婧?涓存?舵?у????

2.3.2.4 ?4**锛?璇鋒?????涓?涓???璇?璇?娉???涓??藉????

400??????璇?璇鋒?锛?濡?璇?娉???璇?

401??????????

HTTP 401.1 -???????锛??誨?澶辮觸

????HTTP 401.2 -???????锛????″?ㄩ??缃???棰?瀵艱?寸?誨?澶辮觸

????HTTP 401.3 - ACL?绂?姝㈣?塊??璧?婧?

????HTTP 401.4 -???????锛?????琚?绛????ㄦ??缁?

HTTP 401.5 -???????锛?ISAPI????CGI?????澶辮觸

402????淇???????ChargeTo澶村??搴?

403????绂?姝㈣?塊??

HTTP 403.1?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?绂?姝㈠???ц?璁塊??

????HTTP 403.2 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?绂?姝㈣?昏?塊??

????HTTP 403.3 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?绂?姝㈠??璁塊??

????HTTP 403.4 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瑕?姹??SSL

????HTTP 403.5 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瑕?姹??SSL 128

????HTTP 403.6 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?IP??闆??琚???缁?

????HTTP 403.7 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瑕?姹?瀹㈡?瘋??涔?

????HTTP 403.8 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?绂?姝㈢???矽?塊??

????HTTP 403.9 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?杩??ョ???ㄦ?瘋?澶?

????HTTP 403.10 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛???缃?????

????HTTP 403.11 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瀵????存??

????HTTP 403.12 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛???灏??ㄦ??缁?璁塊??

????HTTP 403.13 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瀹㈡?瘋??涔?凡琚?????

????HTTP 403.15 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瀹㈡?瘋?塊??璁稿??杩?澶?

????HTTP 403.16 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瀹㈡?瘋??涔????淇℃????????

HTTP 403.17 -?绂?姝㈣?塊??锛?瀹㈡?瘋??涔?凡缁??版??????灏???????

404????娌℃?????版??浠躲???ヨ?㈡??URl

405?????ㄦ?峰??equest-Line瀛?娈靛??涔????規?涓???璁?

406?????規???ㄦ?峰??????Accept??锛?璇鋒?璧?婧?涓???璁塊??

407????绫諱技401锛??ㄦ?峰?椤婚????ㄤ唬?????″?ㄤ?寰??版????

408????瀹㈡?風??娌℃???ㄧ?ㄦ?鋒??瀹???楗挎?堕?村??瀹???璇鋒?

409????瀵瑰???璧?婧??舵??锛?璇鋒?涓??藉????

410???????″?ㄤ?涓?????姝よ?婧?涓???杩?涓?姝ョ???????闆??

411???????″?ㄦ??缁??ㄦ?峰??涔???Content-Length灞??ц?鋒?

412????涓?涓???澶?涓?璇鋒?澶村??娈靛?ㄥ???璇鋒?涓???璇?

413????璇鋒???璧?婧?澶т????″?ㄥ??璁哥??澶у?

414????璇鋒???璧?婧?URL?誇????″?ㄥ??璁哥???垮害

415????璇鋒?璧?婧?涓?????璇鋒?椤圭???煎?

416????璇鋒?涓?????Range璇鋒?澶村??娈碉??ㄥ???璇鋒?璧?婧????村??娌℃??range??绀哄?鹼?璇鋒?涔?涓?????If-Range璇鋒?澶村??娈?

417???????″?ㄤ?婊¤凍璇鋒?Expect澶村??娈墊??瀹????????鹼?濡?????浠ｇ?????″??????芥??涓?涓?绾ф???″?ㄤ??芥弧瓒寵?鋒??褲??

2.3.2.5 ?5**锛????″?ㄦ?ц?涓?涓?瀹??ㄦ????璇鋒?澶辮觸

????HTTP 500 -????ㄦ???″?ㄩ??璇?

????HTTP 500.100 -????ㄦ???″?ㄩ??璇??- ASP???璇?

????HTTP 500-11????″?ㄥ?抽??

????HTTP 500-12?搴??ㄧ?搴????闆????

????HTTP 500-13 -????″?ㄥお蹇?

????HTTP 500-14 -?搴??ㄧ?搴?????

????HTTP 500-15 -?涓???璁歌?鋒??global.asa

????Error 501 -???瀹???

HTTP 502 -?缃??抽??璇?

2.4?浣跨??elnet杩?琛?http娴?璇?

?????????indows涓?锛???浣跨?ㄥ?戒護绐??ｈ?琛?http绠???娴?璇???

???????杈???md杩??ュ?戒護绐??ｏ??ㄥ?戒護琛????ュ?涓??戒護??????杞??

telnet?www.baidu.com?80

????????????ㄧ???ｄ腑??涓???Ctrl+]????????杞???璁╄???缁??????俱??

?ョ??寮?濮???璇鋒?娑???锛?渚?濡?????濡?涓?璇鋒?娑???璇鋒?baidu??棣?椤墊???锛?浣跨?ㄧ??HTTP??璁?涓?TTP/1.1锛?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.1

???娉ㄦ??锛?copy濡?涓???娑????闆?戒護绐??ｅ????瑕???涓や釜??杞??㈣????藉??闆??搴???娑???锛?绗?涓?涓???杞??㈣????ㄥ?戒護?????ュ??杞??㈣?锛???HTTP??璁?瑕?姹?????绗?浜?涓???纭?璁よ??ワ?????璇鋒???

?????拌???浜?200 OK??娑???锛?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

????????????幫?褰?????TTP/1.1?訛?杩??ヤ????ㄨ?鋒?缁?????灏辨??寮??????ラ????TTP1.0锛??ㄥ?戒護绐??ｉ???ワ?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.0

??????姝ゆ?跺??浠ョ???拌?鋒?缁???涔???椹?涓???寮???

???????璇昏??杩???浠ュ?璇??ㄤ嬌??ET??POST绛??訛?甯??澶村??淇℃??锛?渚?濡????ュ?涓?淇℃??锛?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.1

connection:?close

Host:?www.baidu.com

2.5?甯哥?ㄧ??璇鋒??瑰?

???????甯哥?ㄧ??璇鋒??瑰???GET??POST.

l?????????GET?瑰?锛???浠ュ??浣????瑰?寰??扮?辮?鋒?URI????瀹?璧?婧???淇℃??锛?濡???璇鋒?URI????涓?涓??版??浜х??杩?绋?锛??ｄ???缁?瑕??ㄥ??搴?瀹?浣?涓?杩???????澶???杩?绋???缁???????????璧?婧?锛???涓???澶???杩?绋?????杩般??

l?????????POST?瑰?锛??ㄦ?ュ?????????″?ㄥ???鴻?鋒?锛?瑕?姹?瀹??ュ??琚????ㄨ?鋒?????瀹?浣?锛?骞舵??瀹?褰?浣?璇鋒?????涓?璇鋒?URI????瀹?璧?婧????????闆??椤癸?Post琚?璁捐?℃???ㄧ?涓????規?瀹??頒??????斤?

1锛?瀵圭?版??璧?婧???瑙ｉ??锛?

2锛????靛???????????伴?葷?????浠跺??琛ㄦ??绫諱技璁ㄨ?虹???淇℃??锛?

3锛???浜ゆ?版????锛?

4锛???杩???????浣??ユ?╁??版??搴????

浠?涓??㈡??杩闆??浠ョ???猴?Get???????″?ㄥ??绱㈠???版????涓?绉?璇鋒?锛???Post???????″?ㄦ??浜ゆ?版????涓?绉?璇鋒?锛?瑕???浜ょ???版??浣?浜?淇℃??澶村???㈢??瀹?浣?涓???

GET涓?POST?規???浠ヤ??哄??锛?

锛?1锛?????ㄥ?㈡?風??锛?Get?瑰??ㄩ??杩?URL??浜ゆ?版??锛??版????RL涓???浠ョ???幫?POST?瑰?锛??版???劇疆??TML HEADER????浜ゃ??

锛?2锛??? GET?瑰???浜ょ???版????澶????芥??1024瀛???锛???POST??娌℃??姝ら???躲??

锛?3锛????瀹??ㄦ?ч??棰???姝ｅ????1锛?涓????幫?浣跨???Get????跺??锛????頒??劇ず?ㄥ?闆????涓?锛????Post?涓?浼?????浠ワ?濡???杩?浜??版????涓????版????涓??????????版??锛??ｄ?浣跨???get锛?濡????ㄦ?瘋??ョ???版??涓???涓???瀛?绗???涓??????????版??锛??ｄ?杩???浣跨??ost涓哄ソ??

锛?4锛????瀹??ㄧ????骞?绛???????璋?瀹??ㄧ?????崇??璇ユ??浣??ㄤ??峰??淇℃??????淇??逛俊????骞?绛??????崇??瀵瑰??涓??URL???澶?涓?璇鋒?搴?璇ヨ??????風??缁?????瀹??寸??瀹?涔?骞朵?????璧鋒?ラ?ｆ?蜂弗?箋???㈠?ヨ??璇達?GET?璇鋒?涓???涓?搴?浜х????浣??ㄣ??浠??規??涓?璁詫??剁??????褰??ㄦ?鋒??寮?涓?涓??炬?ユ?訛?濂瑰??浠ョ‘淇′???韬???瑙?搴??ョ??娌℃???瑰??璧?婧???姣?濡?锛??伴?葷???圭??澶寸??涓????存?般???界?剁??浜?娆¤?鋒?浼?杩???涓?????涓??規?伴?夥?璇ユ??浣?浠??惰?璁や負??瀹??ㄧ????骞?绛???锛???涓哄???繪??杩???褰??????伴?彙????涔?浜??躲??POST?璇鋒?灏變??ｄ?杞繪?句???POST?琛ㄧず???芥?瑰?????″?ㄤ???璧?婧???璇鋒???浠??朵互?伴?葷???逛負渚?锛?璇昏??瀵規??绔???娉ㄨВ搴?璇ラ??杩??POST?璇鋒?瀹??幫???涓哄?ㄦ敞瑙ｆ??浜や???绔??瑰凡缁?涓???浜?锛?姣??矽?存??绔?涓??㈠?虹?頒??℃敞瑙ｏ???

?

2.6?璇鋒?澶?/h2>

HTTP??甯歌???璇鋒?澶村?涓?锛?

l?????????Accept锛?娴?瑙??ㄥ???ュ????MIME绫誨??锛?

l?????????Accept-Charset锛?娴?瑙??ㄥ???ュ????瀛?绗???锛?

l?????????Accept-Encoding锛?娴?瑙??ㄨ?藉?杩?琛?瑙ｇ?????版??缂????瑰?锛?姣?濡?gzip??Servlet?藉???????gzip??娴?瑙??ㄨ???缁?gzip缂?????HTML椤甸????璁稿???褰??杩???浠ュ??灏?5??0????涓?杞芥?堕?達?

l?????????Accept-Language锛?娴?瑙??ㄦ??甯?????璇?瑷?绉?绫夥?褰????″?ㄨ?藉???渚?涓?绉?浠ヤ???璇?瑷??????惰??ㄥ?幫?

l?????????Authorization锛?????淇℃??锛???甯稿?虹?闆?ㄥ?規???″?ㄥ??????WWW-Authenticate澶寸??搴?绛?涓?锛?

l?????????Connection锛?琛ㄧず??????瑕???涔?杩??ャ??濡???Servlet???拌??????間負??Keep-Alive??锛????????拌?鋒?浣跨?ㄧ????HTTP 1.1锛?HTTP 1.1榛?璁よ?琛???涔?杩??ワ?锛?瀹?灏卞??浠ュ?╃?ㄦ??涔?杩??ョ??浼??癸?褰?椤甸?㈠????澶?涓???绱??訛?渚?濡?Applet锛??劇??锛?锛??捐???闆??灏?涓?杞芥????瑕????堕?淬??瑕?瀹??拌?涓??癸?Servlet??瑕??ㄥ?绛?涓?????涓?涓?Content-Length澶達???绠?????瀹??版?規???锛???????瀹瑰????yteArrayOutputStream锛??跺???ㄦ?ｅ????哄??瀹逛???璁＄??瀹???澶у?锛?

l?????????Content-Length锛?琛ㄧず璇鋒?娑???姝ｆ?????垮害锛?

l?????????Cookie锛?杩???????瑕???璇鋒?澶翠俊??涔?涓?锛?

l?????????From锛?璇鋒?????????email?闆??锛??變?浜??規????Web瀹㈡?風?搴?浣跨???娴?瑙??ㄤ?浼??ㄥ?闆??锛?

l?????????Host锛???濮?URL涓???涓繪?哄??绔??ｏ?

l?????????If-Modified-Since锛?????褰???璇鋒?????瀹瑰?ㄦ??瀹????ユ??涔?????缁?杩?淇??規??杩???瀹?锛?????杩???304??Not Modified??搴?绛?锛?

l?????????Pragma锛???瀹???no-cache???艱〃绀烘???″?ㄥ?椤昏???涓?涓??鋒?闆??????妗ｏ??充嬌瀹???浠ｇ?????″?ㄨ??涓?宸茬???浜?椤甸?㈢?????版?瘋?锛?

l?????????Referer锛?????涓?涓?URL锛??ㄦ?蜂?璇?RL浠ｈ〃??椤甸?㈠?哄??璁塊??褰???璇鋒???椤甸????

l?????????User-Agent锛?娴?瑙??ㄧ被??锛?濡???Servlet杩???????瀹逛?娴?瑙??ㄧ被?????沖??璇ュ?奸??甯告?????

l?????????UA-Pixels锛?UA-Color锛?UA-OS锛?UA-CPU锛??辨??浜???????IE娴?瑙??ㄦ????????????????璇鋒?澶達?琛ㄧず灞?骞?澶у???棰??叉繁搴?????浣?绯葷???CPU绫誨????

2.7???搴?澶?/h2>

HTTP??甯歌?????搴?澶村?涓???绀猴?

l?????????Allow锛????″?ㄦ??????浜?璇鋒??規?锛?濡?GET??POST绛?锛?锛?

l?????????Content-Encoding锛???妗ｇ??缂???锛?Encode锛??規????????ㄨВ??涔???????浠ュ???ontent-Type澶存??瀹?????瀹圭被?????╃??zip??缂╂??妗ｈ?藉??捐???闆??灏?HTML??妗ｇ??涓?杞芥?堕?淬??Java??GZIPOutputStream??浠ュ??逛究?拌?琛?gzip??缂╋?浣?????Unix涓???Netscape??Windows涓???IE 4??IE 5??????瀹?????姝わ?Servlet搴?璇ラ??杩??ョ??Accept-Encoding澶達???equest.getHeader("Accept-Encoding")锛?妫??ユ?瑙??ㄦ????????gzip锛?涓烘????gzip??娴?瑙??ㄨ???缁?gzip??缂╃??HTML椤甸???涓哄?朵?娴?瑙??ㄨ???????椤甸???

l?????????Content-Length锛?琛ㄧず??瀹歸?垮害??????褰?娴?瑙??ㄤ嬌?ㄦ??涔?HTTP杩??ユ?舵????瑕?杩?涓??版????濡???浣??寵??╃?ㄦ??涔?杩??ョ??浼??匡???浠ユ??杈??烘??妗ｅ????yteArrayOutputStram锛?瀹??????ョ???跺ぇ灏?锛??跺????璇ュ?兼?懼??ontent-Length澶達???????杩?byteArrayStream.writeTo(response.getOutputStream()??????瀹癸?

l?????????Content-Type锛??琛ㄧず???㈢????妗ｅ?浜?浠?涔?MIME绫誨????Servlet榛?璁や負text/plain锛?浣???甯擱??瑕??懼??版??瀹?涓?ext/html???變?缁?甯歌?璁劇疆Content-Type锛???姝?ttpServletResponse??渚?浜?涓?涓?涓??ㄧ???規?setContentTyep???????eb.xml??浠朵腑??缃??╁?????MIME绫誨????瀵瑰??崇郴锛?

l?????????Date锛?褰?????GMT?堕?淬??浣???浠ョ??etDateHeader?ヨ?劇疆杩?涓?澶翠互?垮??杞??㈡?堕?存?煎???楹葷???

l?????????Expires锛?????搴?璇ュ?ㄤ?涔??跺??璁や負??妗ｅ凡缁?杩???锛?浠???涓???缂?瀛?瀹???

l?????????Last-Modified锛???妗ｇ???????瑰?ㄦ?堕?淬??瀹㈡?峰??浠ラ??杩?If-Modified-Since璇鋒?澶存??渚?涓?涓??ユ??锛?璇ヨ?鋒?灏?琚?瑙?涓轟?涓??′歡GET锛??????瑰?ㄦ?堕?磋?浜???瀹??堕?寸????妗ｆ??浼?杩???锛?????杩???涓?涓?304锛?Not Modified锛??舵????Last-Modified涔?????etDateHeader?規??ヨ?劇疆锛?

l?????????Location锛?琛ㄧず瀹㈡?峰?褰??闆?????繪??????妗ｃ??Location??甯鎬????存?ヨ?劇疆??锛???????杩?HttpServletResponse??sendRedirect?規?锛?璇ユ?規????惰?劇疆?舵??浠ｇ??涓?02锛?

l?????????Refresh锛?琛ㄧず娴?瑙??ㄥ?璇ュ?ㄥ?灏??堕?翠????鋒?版??妗ｏ?浠ョ?璁°???や??鋒?闆?????妗ｄ?澶?锛?浣?杩???浠ラ??杩?setHeader("Refresh", "5; URL=http://host/path")璁╂?瑙??ㄨ?誨????瀹???椤甸????娉ㄦ??杩?绉????介??甯告????杩?璁劇疆HTML椤甸??EAD?虹??<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="5;URL=http://host/path">瀹??幫?杩?????涓猴????ㄥ?鋒?版????瀹???瀵逛??ｄ?涓??戒嬌??GI??Servlet??HTML缂???????????瑕???浣???锛?瀵逛?Servlet?ヨ?達??存?ヨ?劇疆Refresh澶存?村???逛究??娉ㄦ??Refresh????涔?????N绉?涔????鋒?版??椤甸?㈡??璁塊????瀹?椤甸?⑩??锛???涓?????姣???N绉??鋒?版??椤甸?㈡??璁塊????瀹?椤甸?⑩??????姝わ?杩?缁??鋒?拌?姹?姣?娆￠?藉????涓?涓?Refresh澶達???????204?舵??浠ｇ??????浠ラ?繪?㈡?瑙??ㄧ戶缁??鋒?幫?涓?绠℃??浣跨??efresh澶磋???<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" ...>??娉ㄦ??Refresh澶翠?灞?浜?HTTP 1.1姝ｅ?瑙?????涓??ㄥ??锛?????涓?涓??╁?锛?浣?Netscape??IE?芥????瀹???

2.8瀹?浣?澶?/h2>

瀹?浣?澶寸?ㄥ??瀹?浣???瀹圭????淇℃??锛???杩頒?瀹?浣???瀹圭??灞??э?????瀹?浣?淇℃??绫誨??锛??垮害锛???缂╂?規?锛?????涓?娆′慨?規?堕?達??版???????х????

l?????????Allow锛?GET,POST

l?????????Content-Encoding锛???妗ｇ??缂???锛?Encode锛??規?锛?渚?濡?锛?gzip锛?瑙???2.5???搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-Language锛???瀹圭??璇?瑷?绫誨??锛?渚?濡?锛?zh-cn锛?

l?????????Content-Length锛?琛ㄧず??瀹歸?垮害锛?eg锛?80锛?????????2.5??搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-Location锛?琛ㄧず瀹㈡?峰?褰??闆?????繪??????妗ｏ?渚?濡?锛?http://www.dfdf.org/dfdf.html锛?????????2.5??搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-MD5锛?MD5?瀹?浣???涓?绉?MD5??瑕?锛??ㄤ??￠???????????瑰???ュ???歸?借?＄??MD5??瑕?锛??ュ???瑰??惰?＄?????間?姝ゅご??涓?浼??????艱?琛?姣?杈???Eg1锛?Content-MD5: <base64 of 128 MD5 digest>??Eg2锛?dfdfdfdfdfdfdff==锛?

l?????????Content-Range锛????ㄥ??瀹?浣?涓???????锛?????琚????ュ??????浣?浣?涓?楂?浣?瀛?????绉夥?涔?????姝ゅ??浣????婚?垮害??Eg1锛?Content-Range: 1001-2000/5000锛?eg2锛?bytes 2543-4532/7898

l?????????Content-Type锛??????????????ユ?剁??瀹?浣???MIME绫誨????Eg锛?text/html; charset=GB2312???????涓葷被??/瀛?绫誨??锛?

l?????????Expires锛?涓?璇???涓?缂?瀛?锛?

l?????????Last-Modified锛?WEB????″?ㄨ?や負瀵矽薄??????淇??規?堕?達?姣?濡???浠剁??????淇??規?堕?達??ㄦ??椤甸?㈢??????浜х???堕?寸??绛???渚?濡?锛?Last-Modified锛?Tue, 06 May 2008 02:42:43 GMT.

2.8?╁?澶?/h2>

??TTP娑???涓?锛?涔???浠ヤ嬌?ㄤ?浜???HTTP1.1姝ｅ?瑙?????娌℃??瀹?涔???澶村??娈碉?杩?浜?澶村??娈電?绉頒負??瀹?涔???HTTP澶存?????╁?澶達?浠?浠???甯歌?褰?浣???涓?绉?瀹?浣?澶村?????

?闆?ㄦ?琛???娴?瑙??ㄥ????涓??芥????Cookie,Set-Cookie,Refresh??Content-Disposition绛???涓?甯哥?ㄧ???╁?澶村??娈點??

l?????????Refresh锛?1;url=http://www.dfdf.org? //杩?1绉?璺寵漿?版??瀹?浣?缃?锛?

l?????????Content-Disposition锛?澶村??娈?????????2.5??搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-Type锛?WEB????″?ㄥ??璇?娴?瑙??ㄨ??宸卞??搴???瀵矽薄??绫誨????

eg1锛?Content-Type锛?application/xml?锛?

eg2锛?applicaiton/octet-stream锛?

Content-Disposition锛?attachment; filename=aaa.zip??

????褰?锛?????璧???

??HTTP1.1??HTTP1.0???哄????锛?

http://blog.csdn.net/yanghehong/archive/2009/05/28/4222594.aspx

??HTTP璇鋒?锛?GET??POST?哄??锛?????搴???锛?

http://www.blogjava.net/honeybee/articles/164008.html

?

??HTTP璇鋒?澶存?杩??懼害?ラ????锛?

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/32517427.html

??瀹?浣?澶村???╁?澶淬??锛?

http://www.cnblogs.com/tongzhiyong/archive/2008/03/16/1108776.html

3.?娣卞?ヤ?瑙ｇ??

3.1 Cookie??Session

Cookie??Session?戒負浜??ㄦ?ヤ?瀛??舵??淇℃??锛??芥??淇?瀛?瀹㈡?風???舵?????哄?訛?瀹?浠??芥??涓轟?瑙ｅ??TTP???舵??????棰???????????????

Session??浠ョ??ookie?ュ???幫?涔???浠ョ??RL???????哄?舵?ュ???般????ookie?ュ???扮??Session??浠ヨ?や負??瀵?ookie?撮??绾х??搴??ㄣ??

3.1.1涓よ??姣?杈?

Cookie??Session??浠ヤ????劇??涓????癸?

1锛?Cookie灏??舵??淇?瀛??ㄥ?㈡?風??锛?Session灏??舵??淇?瀛??ㄦ???″?ㄧ??锛?

2锛?Cookies?????″?ㄥ?ㄦ???版?哄?ㄤ?瀛??ㄧ??灏?娈墊????骞堕??姣?涓?涓?璇鋒??????沖??涓?涓????″?ㄣ??Cookie???╁??FC2109涓?瀹??幫???缁?RFC2965??浜?澧?寮恒??缃?缁????″?ㄧ??TTP澶村??瀹㈡?風??????cookies锛??ㄥ?㈡?風?绔?锛?娴?瑙??ㄨВ??杩?浜?cookies骞跺?瀹?浠?淇?瀛?涓轟?涓????版??浠訛?瀹?浼????ㄥ???涓????″?ㄧ??浠諱?璇鋒?缂?涓?杩?浜?cookies??Session骞舵病????TTP????璁?涓?瀹?涔?锛?

3锛?Session????瀵規??涓?涓??ㄦ?風??锛????????間?瀛??ㄦ???″?ㄤ?锛??ㄤ?涓?sessionID?ュ?哄??????涓??ㄦ??ession????,杩?涓??兼????杩??ㄦ?風??娴?瑙??ㄥ?ㄨ?塊?????跺??杩???缁????″???褰?瀹㈡?風???ookie?訛?杩?涓??間????借?劇疆涓虹??et?ヨ???缁????″???

4锛?灏卞???ㄦ?ф?ヨ?達?褰?浣?璁塊??涓?涓?浣跨??ession???绔??癸????跺?ㄨ??宸辨?哄??涓?寤虹??涓?涓?cookie锛?寤鴻???ㄦ???″?ㄧ????SESSION?哄?舵?村???ㄤ?.??涓哄??涓?浼?浠繪??璇誨??瀹㈡?峰???ㄧ??淇℃????

3.1.2?Session?哄??/h3>

Session?哄?舵??涓?绉????″?ㄧ?????哄?訛????″?ㄤ嬌?ㄤ?绉?绫諱技浜??ｅ??琛ㄧ??缁???锛?涔????藉氨??浣跨?ㄦ?ｅ??琛???ヤ?瀛?淇℃????

褰?绋?搴???瑕?涓烘??涓?瀹㈡?風????璇鋒???寤轟?涓?session???跺??锛????″?ㄩ???妫??ヨ?涓?瀹㈡?風????璇鋒???????凡????浜?涓?涓?session??璇??-?绉頒負?session?id锛?濡???宸插????涓?涓?session?id??璇存??浠ュ??宸茬?涓烘?ゅ?㈡?風????寤鴻?session锛????″?ㄥ氨????ession?id??杩?涓??session妫?绱㈠?烘?ヤ嬌???濡???妫?绱???幫????戒??闆緩涓?涓?锛?锛?濡???瀹㈡?風??璇鋒?涓?????session?id锛???涓烘?ゅ?㈡?風????寤轟?涓?session骞朵?????涓?涓?涓?姝?ession?稿?寵????session?id锛?session?id???煎?璇ユ??涓?涓????浼???澶?锛???涓?瀹規??琚??懼?拌?寰?浠ヤ豢????瀛?绗?覆锛?杩?涓??session?id灏?琚??ㄦ??娆″??搴?涓?杩???缁?瀹㈡?風??淇?瀛???

3.1.6?Session??瀹??版?瑰?

3.1.6.1 ?浣跨??ookie?ュ????/h4>

???″?ㄧ?姣?涓?Session????涓?涓???涓???JSESSIONID锛?骞堕??杩?Cookie????缁?瀹㈡?風????

褰?瀹㈡?風????璧鋒?扮??璇鋒????跺??锛?灏???ookie澶翠腑?哄甫杩?涓?JSESSIONID??杩??鋒???″?ㄨ?藉??懼?拌?涓?瀹㈡?風??瀵瑰???Session??

娴?绋?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

????

3.1.6.2 ?浣跨??RL???炬?ュ????/h4>

URL???????????″?ㄥ?ㄥ????缁?娴?瑙??ㄩ〉?㈢???????炬?ヤ腑?芥?哄甫JSESSIONID?????幫?杩??峰?㈡?風???瑰?諱換浣?涓?涓??炬?ラ?戒???JSESSIONID甯?????″?ㄣ??

濡????存?ュ?ㄦ?瑙??ㄨ??ユ???＄??璧?婧???url?ヨ?鋒?璇ヨ?婧?锛??ｄ?Session???歸??涓??扮????

Tomcat瀵?ession??瀹??幫???涓?寮?濮????朵嬌??ookie??URL?????哄?訛?濡??????闆?㈡?風??????Cookie锛?灏辯戶缁?浣跨??ookie锛???姝?嬌??RL??????濡???????ookie琚?绂????灏變??翠嬌??RL??????jsp寮???澶?????ession???跺??锛?瀵歸〉??腑???炬?ヨ?闆?浣跨??esponse.encodeURL()???

3.1.3??2EE椤圭??涓?Session澶辨??????绉?????/h3>

1锛?Session瓒??訛?Session?ㄦ??瀹??堕?村??澶辨??锛?渚?濡?30????锛??ュ??0??????娌℃????浣?锛???Session浼?澶辨??锛?渚?濡???eb.xml涓?杩?琛?浜?濡?涓?璁劇疆锛?

<session-config>?

? ?? ???<session-timeout>30</session-timeout> //??浣?锛?????

? ? </session-config>

2锛?浣跨??ession.invalidate()??纭????繪??Session??

3.1.4涓?Cookie?稿?崇??HTTP?╁?澶?/h3>

1锛?Cookie锛?瀹㈡?風??灏????″?ㄨ?劇疆??Cookie杩????版???″???

2锛?Set-Cookie锛????″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?風??璁劇疆Cookie锛?

3锛?Cookie2?(RFC2965)锛?锛?瀹㈡?風????绀烘???″?ㄦ????Cookie??????锛?

4锛?Set-Cookie2?(RFC2965)锛????″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?風??璁劇疆Cookie??

3.1.5Cookie??娴?绋?

???″?ㄥ?ㄥ??搴?娑???涓???et-Cookie澶村?Cookie????瀹瑰????缁?瀹㈡?風??锛?瀹㈡?風???ㄦ?扮??璇鋒?涓?灏??稿??????瀹規?哄甫??ookie澶翠腑????缁????″?ㄣ??浠???瀹??頒?璇???淇?????

娴?绋?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

3.2?缂?瀛???瀹??闆????

3.2.1浠?涔???Web缂?瀛?

WEB缂?瀛?(cache)浣?浜?Web???″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?風??涔??淬??

缂?瀛?浼??規??璇鋒?淇?瀛?杈??哄??瀹圭??????锛?渚?濡?html椤甸????劇??锛???浠訛?褰?涓?涓?涓?璇鋒??ュ?扮???跺??锛?濡??????稿????URL锛?缂?瀛??存?ヤ嬌?ㄥ??????搴?璁塊??璇鋒?锛???涓?????婧????″?ㄥ??娆″????璇鋒???

HTTP??璁?瀹?涔?浜??稿?崇??娑???澶存?ヤ嬌WEB缂?瀛?灏藉???藉ソ??宸ヤ???

3.2.2缂?瀛???浼???/h3>

q????????灏??稿?寤惰?锛???涓鴻?鋒?浠?缂?瀛????″???绂誨?㈡?風???磋?锛???涓???婧????″?ㄨ??稿?锛?杩?涓?杩?绋????舵?村?锛?璁?eb???″?ㄧ??涓??葷?稿??村揩??

q????????灏?缃?缁?甯??芥???锛?褰?????琚????ㄦ?朵???浣?瀹㈡?風????甯??芥???锛?瀹㈡?峰??浠ヨ????甯??借垂????у?跺甫瀹界????姹???澧??垮苟?存??浜?绠＄????

3.2.3涓?缂?瀛??稿?崇??HTTP?╁?娑???澶?/h3>

q??????Expires锛???绀哄??搴???瀹矽??????堕?達??兼??濞?娌繪?堕??MT

q??????Cache-Control锛??寸??寸???у?剁?瀛?????瀹?

q??????Last-Modified锛???搴?涓?璧?婧?????涓?娆′慨?圭???堕??

q??????ETag锛???搴?涓?璧?婧????￠???鹼??ㄦ???″?ㄤ???涓??舵?墊????涓???璇?????

q??????Date锛????″?ㄧ???堕??

q??????If-Modified-Since锛?瀹㈡?風??瀛?????璇ヨ?婧?????涓?娆′慨?圭???堕?達???Last-Modified??

q??????If-None-Match锛?瀹㈡?風??瀛?????璇ヨ?婧???妫?楠??鹼???ETag??

3.2.4瀹㈡?風??缂?瀛???????甯歌?娴?绋?

???″?ㄦ?跺?拌?鋒??訛?浼???00OK涓?????璇ヨ?婧???Last-Modified??ETag澶達?瀹㈡?風??灏?璇ヨ?婧?淇?瀛???ache涓?锛?骞惰?闆?杩?涓や釜灞??с??褰?瀹㈡?風????瑕??????稿????璇鋒??訛?浼??ㄨ?鋒?涓??哄甫If-Modified-Since??If-None-Match涓や釜澶淬??涓や釜澶寸???煎????????搴?涓?Last-Modified??ETag澶寸???箋?????″?ㄩ??杩?杩?涓や釜澶村?ゆ?????拌?婧???????????锛?瀹㈡?風??涓???瑕????頒?杞斤?杩???304??搴???甯歌?娴?绋?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

3.2.5?Web缂?瀛??哄??/h3>

HTTP/1.1涓?缂?瀛?????????涓轟??ㄥ?澶????典???灏?????璇鋒?锛????跺?ㄨ?稿????典???浠ヤ???瑕?????瀹??村??搴?????????灏?浜?缃?缁???璺????伴??锛?HTTP?╃?ㄤ?涓???杩???锛?expiration锛????哄?舵?ヤ負姝ょ????????????灏?浜?缃?缁?搴??ㄧ??甯??斤?HTTP?ㄢ??楠?璇?锛?validation锛????哄?舵?ヤ負姝ょ??????

HTTP瀹?涔?浜?3绉?缂?瀛??哄?訛?

1锛?Freshness锛???璁鎬?涓???搴?娑?????浠ュ?ㄦ????″?ㄤ?琚????版??ワ?骞朵???浠ョ?辨???″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?風???ユ?у?躲??渚?濡?锛?Expires??搴?澶寸?浜?涓?涓???妗ｄ????ㄧ???堕?淬??Cache-Control涓???max-age??璇?????浜?缂?瀛??????挎?堕?達?

2锛?Validation锛??ㄦ?ユ??ヤ互涓?涓?缂?瀛?????搴???????跺???ㄣ??渚?濡?锛?濡???涓?涓???搴???涓?涓?Last-Modified??搴?澶達?缂?瀛??藉?浣跨??f-Modified-Since?ュ?ゆ??????凡?瑰??锛?浠ヤ究?ゆ???規?????靛????璇鋒?锛?

3锛?Invalidation锛???ㄥ???涓?璇鋒???杩?缂?瀛????跺??锛?甯稿父??涓?涓???浣??ㄣ??渚?濡?锛?濡???涓?涓?URL?寵???頒?涓?缂?瀛???搴?锛?浣????跺??璺???POST??PUT??DELETE??璇鋒???璇?锛?缂?瀛?灏變?杩?????

3.3????圭畫浼???澶?绾跨?涓?杞界??瀹??闆????

q??????HTTP??璁???GET?規?锛???????璇鋒???涓?璧?婧?????涓??ㄥ??锛?

q??????206 Partial Content??ㄥ????瀹瑰??搴?锛?

q??????Range?璇鋒???璧?婧????達?

q??????Content-Range???搴???璧?婧????達?

q???????ㄨ??ユ??寮???杩??訛?瀹㈡?風????璇鋒?璇ヨ?婧???涓?杞界???ㄥ??锛???涓??????拌?鋒??翠釜璧?婧?锛??ュ???版???圭畫浼???

????璇鋒?璧?婧?瀹?渚?锛?

Eg1锛?Range: bytes=306302-?锛?璇鋒?杩?涓?璧?婧?浠?306302涓?瀛????版??灏劇???ㄥ??锛?

Eg2锛?Content-Range: bytes 306302-604047/604048锛???搴?涓???绀烘?哄甫????璇ヨ?婧???绗?306302-604047??瀛???锛?璇ヨ?婧???04048涓?瀛???锛?

瀹㈡?風????杩?骞跺????璇鋒??稿??璧?婧???涓?????娈碉??ュ???闆?規??涓?璧?婧???骞跺??????涓?杞姐??浠???杈懼?闆揩??涓?杞界????????????娴?琛???FlashGet??杩??峰?烘???芥??杩?涓???????

澶?绾跨?涓?杞界??????锛?

q??????涓?杞藉伐?峰???澶?涓?????TTP璇鋒???绾跨?锛?

q??????姣?涓?http璇鋒???璇鋒?璧?婧???浠剁??涓??ㄥ??锛?Content-Range: bytes 20000-40000/47000锛?

q????????骞舵??涓?绾跨?涓?杞界????浠躲??

3.4 https??淇¤?绋?

3.4.1浠?涔???https

HTTPS锛??ㄧО锛?Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer锛?锛???浠ュ???ㄤ負??????HTTP????锛?绠???璁叉??HTTP??瀹??ㄧ??????TTP涓?????SL灞?锛?HTTPS??瀹??ㄥ?虹???SSL锛???姝ゅ??瀵???璇????瀹矽?風??SSL??

瑙?涓??撅?

???

https???ㄧ??绔??ｅ?鋒??443??

3.4.2?https??瀹??闆????

??涓ょ??烘??????瑙ｅ??绠?娉?绫誨??锛?

1锛?瀵圭О??瀵?锛?瀵??ュ????涓?涓?锛???瀵?瑙ｅ??涓哄??涓?涓?瀵???锛?涓???瑙ｅ????搴?揩锛??稿????瀵圭О??瀵?绠?娉???DES??AES绛?锛?

2锛???瀵圭О??瀵?锛?瀵??ユ??瀵瑰?虹?幫?涓??規?????ユ??娉??ㄧ?ョ??ワ??規??绉??ヤ???娉??ㄧ?ュ???ワ?锛???瀵?瑙ｅ??浣跨?ㄤ???瀵??ワ????ュ??瀵???瑕?绉??ヨВ瀵?锛?绉??ュ??瀵???瑕????ヨВ瀵?锛?锛??稿?瑰?圭О??瀵???搴??????稿??????瀵圭О??瀵?绠?娉???RSA??DSA绛???

涓??㈢??涓?涓?https????淇¤?绋?锛?

???

https??淇＄??浼??癸?

1锛?瀹㈡?風??浜х????瀵??ュ????瀹㈡?風???????″?ㄧ???藉??幫?

2锛???瀵????版??????瀹㈡?風???????″?ㄧ?????藉??版????锛?

3锛?瀹㈡?風???版???＄??????淇℃??瀹??ㄧ????

3.5 http浠ｇ??

3.5.1?http浠ｇ?????″??/h3>

浠ｇ?????″?ㄨ?辨???ㄧО??Proxy Server锛??跺???藉氨??浠ｇ??缃?缁??ㄦ?峰?誨??寰?缃?缁?淇℃????褰㈣薄??璇達?瀹???缃?缁?淇℃????涓?杞?绔???

浠ｇ?????″?ㄦ??浠?浜?娴?瑙??ㄥ??Web???″?ㄤ??寸??涓??版???″?????浜?瀹?涔???锛?娴?瑙??ㄤ????存?ュ??eb???″?ㄥ?誨????缃?椤佃??????浠ｇ?????″?ㄥ???鴻?鋒?锛?Request淇″?蜂??????頒唬?????″????變唬?????″?ㄦ?ュ????娴?瑙??ㄦ????瑕???淇℃??骞朵???缁?浣???娴?瑙??ㄣ??

??涓?锛?澶ч?ㄥ??浠ｇ?????″?ㄩ?藉?鋒??缂??茬?????斤?灏卞ソ璞′?涓?澶х??Cache锛?瀹???寰?澶х??瀛??ㄧ┖?達?瀹?涓???灏??闆??寰??版???ㄥ???闆?????虹??瀛??ㄥ?ㄤ?锛?濡???娴?瑙??ㄦ??璇鋒????版???ㄥ?????虹??瀛??ㄥ?ㄤ?宸茬?瀛??ㄨ??涓??????扮??锛??ｄ?瀹?灏變????頒?Web???″?ㄥ???版??锛????存?ュ?瀛??ㄥ?ㄤ????版??浼???缁??ㄦ?風??娴?瑙????杩??峰氨?芥?捐????楂?娴?瑙???搴?????????

?撮??瑕?????锛?Proxy Server(浠ｇ?????″????Internet?捐礬绾х??蟲????渚???涓?绉???瑕???瀹??ㄥ???斤?瀹???宸ヤ?涓昏??ㄥ??劇郴缁?浜???(OSI)妯″????瀵矽??灞???

3.5.2?http浠ｇ?????″?ㄧ??涓昏?????/h3>

涓昏????藉?涓?锛?

1锛?绐??磋??韬?IP璁塊?????訛?璁塊???藉?绔??廣??濡?锛????茬???169缃?绛?缃?缁??ㄦ?峰??浠ラ??杩?浠ｇ??璁塊???藉?缃?绔?锛?

2锛?璁塊??涓?浜???浣?????????ㄨ?婧?锛?濡???澶у??TP(??????璇ヤ唬???闆???ㄨ?ヨ?婧?????璁歌?塊?????翠???)锛?浣跨?ㄦ???茬????闆??娈靛??璐逛唬?????″???灏卞??浠ョ?ㄤ?瀵規???猜?缃?寮??劇????绫?TP涓?杞戒?浼?锛?浠ュ????绫昏????ヨ?㈠?變韓绛????★?

3锛?绐??翠腑?界?典俊??IP灏???锛?涓??界?典俊?ㄦ?鋒??寰?澶?缃?绔???琚????惰?塊????锛?杩?绉????舵??浜轟負??锛?涓???Serve瀵瑰?闆????灏?????涓?????????浠ヤ??借?塊???跺??浠ユ???涓??鉸?澶???浠ｇ?????″?ㄨ??璇?锛?

4锛???楂?璁塊????搴????甯鎬唬?????″?ㄩ?借?劇疆涓?涓?杈?澶х??纭???缂??插?猴?褰???澶?????淇℃????杩??訛????朵?灏??朵?瀛??扮??插?轟腑锛?褰??朵??ㄦ?峰??璁塊???稿????淇℃???訛?????存?ョ?辯??插?轟腑???轟俊??锛?浼?缁??ㄦ?鳳?浠ユ??楂?璁塊????搴??

5锛???????瀹?IP锛?涓?缃???涔???浠ラ??杩?杩?绉??規???????宸辯??IP锛??????誨?彙??

3.5.3?http浠ｇ???劇ず

http浠ｇ?????劇ず瑙?涓??撅?

??

瀵逛?瀹㈡?風??娴?瑙??ㄨ??瑷?锛?http浠ｇ?????″?ㄧ?稿?浜????″?ㄣ??

??瀵逛?Web???″?ㄨ??瑷?锛?http浠ｇ?????″?ㄥ????褰?浜?瀹㈡?風????瑙??層??

3.6?????涓繪?虹??瀹???/h2>

3.6.1浠?涔???????涓繪??/h3>

????涓繪?猴????ㄧ?缁????″?ㄤ??????轟?瀹???纾???绌洪?翠??ㄦ?鋒?劇疆绔??廣??搴??ㄧ?浠剁??锛???渚?蹇?瑕???绔??瑰???戒??版??瀛??俱??浼?杈????姐????

??璋?????涓繪?猴?涔?????缃?绔?绌洪?粹??灏辨????涓??拌?琛??ㄤ???缃?涓??????″?ㄥ??????澶?涓??????????????″???姣?涓?涓?????涓繪?洪?藉?鋒????绔?????????瀹??寸??Internet???″???????WWW??FTP??E-mail绛?锛????姐??涓??版???″?ㄤ???涓???????涓繪?烘????????绔???锛?骞剁?辯?ㄦ?瘋??琛?绠＄????浣?涓??版???″?ㄤ富?哄???藉?????涓?瀹??伴????????涓繪?猴?褰?瓒?杩?杩?涓??伴???訛??ㄦ?峰?浼????版?ц?芥?ュ?т?????

3.6.2????涓繪?虹??瀹??闆????

????涓繪?烘???ㄥ??涓?涓?WEB???″???涓轟???????缃?绔???渚????＄????????Apache??Tomcat绛???????杩???缃?瀹??拌?涓????姐??

?稿?崇??HTTP娑???澶達?Host??

渚?濡?锛?Host:?www.baidu.com

瀹㈡?風??????HTTP璇鋒????跺??锛?浼??哄甫Host澶達?Host澶磋?闆?????瀹㈡?風??杈??ョ????????杩??鋒???″?ㄥ??浠ユ?規??Host澶寸‘璁ゅ?㈡?瘋?璁塊????????涓?涓???????

??褰?锛?????璧???

????瑙?ookie??Session?哄?躲??锛?

http://sumongh.javaeye.com/blog/82498

??娴???HTTP??璁???锛?

http://203.208.39.132/search?q=cache:CdXly_88gjIJ:www.cnblogs.com/gpcuster/archive/2009/05/25/1488749.html+http%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE+web%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98&cd=27&hl=zh-CN&ct=clnk&gl=cn&st_usg=ALhdy2-vzOcP8XTG1h7lcRr2GJrkTbH2Cg

??http浠ｇ??_?懼害?劇???锛?

http://baike.baidu.com/view/1159398.htm

??????涓繪???懼害?劇???锛?

http://baike.baidu.com/view/7383.htm

??https_?懼害?劇???锛?

http://baike.baidu.com/view/14121.htm