flutter安裝與環境配置
- macOS系統上flutter安裝與環境配置
-
- 添加國内鏡像
- 擷取flutter SDK
- 擷取Android SDK
- 安裝xcode
- flutter安裝和配置過程中的一些錯誤處理
macOS系統上flutter安裝與環境配置
添加國内鏡像
本地目錄~/.bash_profile内，添加flutter國内鏡像（command+shift+.檢視隐藏檔案，如沒有.bash_profile檔案，則建立一個）
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn
擷取flutter SDK
1.下載下傳flutter，有兩種方式
官網位址： https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/releases?tab=macos#macos
github位址： https://github.com/flutter/flutter/releases
2.解壓安裝包到你想安裝的目錄，如：
cd ~/development
unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_1.22.4-stable.zip
3.添加flutter相關工具到path中：
- 針對目前指令行視窗設定PATH環境變量
- 永久将Flutter添加到PATH中(推薦)，在~/.bash_profile内添加環境變量
注意：
PATH_TO_FLUTTER_GIT_DIRECTORY
為你flutter的路徑，比如“~/development”
4.運作
source $HOME/.bash_profile
重新整理目前終端視窗
5.運作 flutter doctor，檢測flutter SKD是否安裝完成，同時檢視其它安裝項
flutter doctor
擷取Android SDK
1.安裝Android studio，安裝過程中自動安裝Android SDK
官網位址：https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
Android studio中文社群位址：http://www.android-studio.org
2.在~/.bash_profile内添加Android SDK的環境變量
注意：android sdk目錄，“使用者名”替換為你自己的即可
3.首次安裝同意Android協定
flutter doctor --Android-licenses
4.安裝Android studio plugins，安裝flutter和dart插件
5.運作 flutter doctor，檢測Android SKD是否安裝完成
安裝xcode
1.安裝xcode
官網位址：https://developer.apple.com/download/
2.啟動xcode，打開xcode > Preferences > locations，将Command Line Tools 設定為目前版本的xcode
3.切換路徑
sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
4.確定Xcode許可協定是通過打開一次Xcode或通過指令同意過了
sudo xcodebuild -license
5.運作 flutter doctor，檢測xcode是否安裝完成，如需安裝依賴，按提示執行
flutter安裝和配置過程中的一些錯誤處理
環境：(解決錯誤請注意自己的環境和版本資訊)
mac 10.15.7
xcode 12.2
Command Line Tools for Xcode 12.2
Android studio 4.1
1.執行安裝cocoapods時報錯
sudo gem install cocoapods
錯誤資訊：
package configuration for libffi is not found
"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib -L. -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib -arch x86_64 -lruby.2.6 "
In file included from conftest.c:1:
In file included from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby.h:33:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:24:10: fatal error: 'ruby/config.h' file not found
#include "ruby/config.h"
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:24:10: note: did not find header 'config.h' in framework 'ruby' (loaded from '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks')
1 error generated.
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5: return 0;
6: }
/* end */
問題目錄：
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19
問題原因：
安裝需要的檔案名，與自己系統内的檔案名不一緻
解決辦法：
- 檢視自己電腦該路徑下是universal-darwin20
- 拷貝檔案universal-darwin20，并重命名為universal-darwin19
- 或者執行指令，建立軟連接配接
ln -s /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin20 /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin19
2.flutter doctor提示Android studio沒有安裝flutter、dart插件，實際已經安裝
問題原因：
在Android studio 4.1中plugin目錄發生了變化
解決辦法：
- 用下面的指令軟連結一下目錄
ln -s ~/Library/Application\ Support/Google/AndroidStudio4.1/plugins ~/Library/Application\ Support/AndroidStudio4.1
3.flutter項目運作卡在Running Gradle task ‘assembleDebug’
問題原因：
由于網絡無法通路到Google服務引起的
鏡像連結：
maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter' }
maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' }
解決辦法：
- 找到Flutte SDK目錄下的Flutter打包配置檔案flutter.gradle，路徑為flutter\packages\flutter_tools\gradle\flutter.gradle，或者目前項目.flutter\packages\flutter_tools\gradle\flutter.gradle
macOS系統上flutter安裝與環境配置macOS系統上flutter安裝與環境配置 - 修改Flutter項目下的.android下的build.gradle，路徑為.android/build.gradle
macOS系統上flutter安裝與環境配置macOS系統上flutter安裝與環境配置