安裝思路整理
- centos系統自帶python2,但是它不是我們需要的版本。（一定不要移除系統自帶的python2，yum依賴的就是python2）安裝python3，并且設定軟連接配接
- 安裝nginx、uwsgi、virtualenv等項目依賴
- 關聯uwsgi、nginx檔案
- 踩過的坑（我還記得的）
一、編譯安裝python3（我自己的安裝方法我忘記了，但是網上有很詳細的。我隻是貼出一個我覺得講的很好的）
#為centos系統增加編譯功能:
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
#防止編譯安裝python3出現各種異常:
yum install wget openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel
#下載下傳python3安裝包:
cd /home/<username>/Downloads/ #<username>用自己的使用者名代替
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
#解壓:
tar -zxvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
#配置,将python3安裝到/usr/local/python3/路徑下:
cd Python-3.6.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
#編譯安裝:
make -j2
make install -j2
#建立軟連結，友善在終端中直接使用python3和pip3指令:
ln -s /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2 #将原來的版本移動到python2
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip #如果之前有pip就和python2轉移方法一樣
#安裝成功性測試,顯示相應版本就表示成功了:
python -V
pip -V
二、安裝虛拟環境，為項目安裝所有依賴
#更新pip3至最新版本
pip install --upgrade pip
#安裝virtualenv
pip install virtualenv
ln -s /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/virtualenv.py /usr/bin/virtualenv
#進入你自己想要進去的目錄下
cd /XXX
mkdir XXX #建立一個存放的目錄
cd XXX
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv #-p是為了指定python版本
#激活虛拟環境
source /你的虛拟環境路徑/bin/activate
#退出虛拟環境
deactivate
pip install uwsgi
#添加nginx存儲庫
yum install epel-release
#安裝nginx
yum install nginx
pip install -r requirements.txt安裝 (pip freeze >requirements.txt收集依賴)
三、測試uwsgi
建立一個名為test.py檔案
# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b"Hello World"] # python3
#return ["Hello World"] # python2
運作uwsgi
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
當浏覽器通路8000端口時， 可看到hello world
curl http://127.0.0.1:8000
安裝成功就開始項目的配置，在項目目錄下添加wsgi.ini。下面是我的檔案，具體參數什麼作用可以去看官網
[uwsgi]
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket = :8001
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /XXX #項目目錄
# the virtualenv (full path)
home = /XXX #虛拟環境目錄
# master
master = true
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = XXX/wsgi.py #這個是項目自帶的
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2
module = 你的項目名字.wsgi:application
deamonize = /XXX/log/uwsgi.log
logto = /XXX/log/uwsgi.log
disable-logging = true
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
#Set the internal cache size for uwsgi package parsing. The default is 4k.
buffer-size = 65536
post-buffering = 32768
#Unix socket is a file, so it will be restricted by the Unix system.
chmod-socket = 755
stats=%(chdir)/uwsgi/uwsgi.status
pidfile=%(chdir)/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid
四、配置nginx
主配置檔案/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ，我為了友善寫就直接貼在這裡了。但是最好是建立一個單獨的檔案
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:80; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
#OW///
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.XXX.com XXX.com;
#server_name www.XXX.com
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
client_max_body_size 75M; #上傳檔案大小限制
charset utf-8;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
uwsgi_read_timeout 2;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
#add_header Cache-Control public;
#設定不緩存
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
add_header Pragma no-cache;
add_header Expires 0;
}
location /static{
# expires 30d;
add_header Cache-Control no-store;
autoindex on;
alias /var/XXX/static;
}
location /media{
alias /var/XXX/media;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
注意：
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; #添加這兩行
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
将setting.py檔案中
#DEBUG = True
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ ] #修改前
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] #修改後或者改成你的域名和外網ip更為嚴謹
指令彙總
source /usr/XXX/activate 激活虛拟環境
systemctl restart nginx 運作nginx服務
netstat -lnp|grep 80 檢視是否再成功運作
uwsgi -d --init /var/XXX/wsgi.ini
ps aux | grep uwsgi 檢視是否再成功運作
netstat -lntp監聽端口
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf配置檔案
cat /var/log/nginx/error.log 檢視錯誤日志
netstat -apn|grep 80
kill -9 <pid>
還有一些細節我有些想不起了，讓我想起來了我再回來添加吧
五、踩過的坑
[error] 1214#0: *64 upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream, client:
#[error] 1214#0: *64 upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream, client:
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k; #以下四個參數已加大，如果設定太小也會出現timeout 504
fastcgi_buffers 16 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 512k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 512k;
403 forbiddenYou don't have permission to access / on this server.
為項目目錄添權重限。
參考資料：
1、 https://uwsgi-docs-zh.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html官網
2、 https://www.zhihu.com/question/22850801/answer/656762026 程式員向東的那個回答
3、https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/49200125
如果有不對的地方，歡迎在評論指出
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