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docker進階！docker compose && consuldocker compose

docker進階！docker compose && consul

  • docker compose
    • docker compose容器編排
    • docker compose配置常用字段
    • docker compose常用指令
    • compose部署
    • 部署consul
      • consul伺服器上
      • 容器服務自動加入consul叢集

docker compose

  • docker compose是一個定義及運作多個docker容器的工具
  • 使用docker compose不再需要使用shell腳本來啟動容器
  • docker compose非常适合組合使用多個容器進行開發場景

docker compose容器編排

檔案格式及編寫注意事項

  • 不支援制表符tab鍵縮進，需要使用空格縮進
  • 通常開頭縮進2個空格
  • 字元後縮進1個空格，如冒号，逗号，橫杆
  • 用#注釋
  • 如果彪悍特殊字元用單引号引起來
  • 布爾值必須用引号引起來

docker compose配置常用字段

字段 描述
command 執行指令，覆寫預設指令
image 指定鏡像
environment 添加環境變量
restart 重新開機政策，預設no，always，no-failure，unless-stoped
hostname 容器主機名
deploy 指定部署和運作服務相關配置，隻能在Swarm模式使用
build dockerfile context 指定Dockerfile檔案名建構鏡像上下文路徑
networks 加入網絡
ports 暴露容器端口，與-p相同，但端口不能低于60
volumes 挂載主控端路徑或指令卷
container name 指定容器名稱，由于容器名稱是唯一的，如果指定自定義名稱，則無法scale

docker compose常用指令

字段 描述
build 重新建構服務
ps 列出容器
up 建立和啟動容器
exec 在容器裡執行指令
scale 指定一個服務容器啟動數量
top 顯示容器程序
logs 檢視容器輸出
down 删除容器，網絡，資料卷和鏡像
stop/start/restart 停止、啟動、重新開機服務

compose部署

  • 将compose包上傳後，并給與權限 
[root@node1 ~]# cp -p docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
[root@node1 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  • 建立模闆腳本 
[root@node1 compose_nginx]# vim docker-compose.yml
version: '3'    //與docker版本相關
services:
  nginx:      
    hostname: nginx   //容器主機名
    build:
      context: ./nginx    //指定建構鏡像的路徑
      dockerfile: Dockerfile    //Dockerfile檔案
    ports:                      //暴露容器端口
      - 1216:80                
      - 1217:443
    networks:                    //加入網絡
      - cluster
    volumes:                     //挂載點
      - ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html
networks:
  cluster:
  • 建立容器腳本 
[root@node1 compose_nginx]# mkdir nginx
FROM centos:7
RUN yum install -y gcc pcre pcre-devel devel zlib-devel make &> /dev/null && yum clean all
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /mnt
WORKDIR /mnt/nginx-1.12.2
RUN sed -i 's/CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/g' auto/cc/gcc
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx &> /dev/null
RUN make &> /dev/null
RUN make install &> /dev/null
RUN rm -rf /mnt/nginx-1.12.2
EXPOSE 80
VOLUME ["/usr/local/nginx/html"]
CMD ["/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"]
  • 再建立一個站點，檢視目錄情況 
[root@node1 compose_nginx]# tree
.
├── docker-compose.yml
├── nginx
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   └── nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
└── wwwroot
    └── index.html
  • 建立和啟動容器 
[root@node1 compose_nginx]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
[root@node1 compose_nginx]# docker-compose ps
        Name                       Command               State                                      Ports                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
compose_nginx_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:1217->443/tcp,:::1217->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:1216->80/tcp,:::1216->80/tcp
docker進階！docker compose && consuldocker compose

部署consul

consul的工作流程

docker進階！docker compose && consuldocker compose
  • registrator去收集服務節點容器變化并注冊到consul
  • consul用web展示出來
  • template模闆用來以變量形式去展現，使自動獲得新增的nginx或者http的ip和端口
  • 然後服務進行重載

伺服器：192.168.1.101 Docker-ce，compose 3 ，consul，consul-template

伺服器：192.168.1.4 Docker-ce，registrator

consul伺服器上 

[root@server ~]# mkdir /root/consul
[root@server ~]# cp consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip /root/consul
[root@server ~]# cd /root/consul/
[root@server consul]# ls
consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
[root@server consul]# unzip consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip 
Archive:  consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
  inflating: consul                  
[root@server consul]# mv consul /usr/bin/
[root@server consul]# consul agent \
> -server \		//服務端
> -bootstrap \  	//前端架構
> -ui \			//可被通路的web界面
> -data-dir=/var/lib/consul-data \
> -bind=192.168.1.101 \
> -client=0.0.0.0 \
> -node=consul-server01 &> /var/log/consul.log &
  • 檢視叢集資訊 
[root@server consul]# consul members
Node             Address             Status  Type    Build  Protocol  DC
consul-server01  192.168.1.101:8301  alive   server  0.9.2  2         dc1
[root@server consul]# consul info | grep leader
	leader = true
	leader_addr = 192.168.1.101:8300
  • 通過httpd api擷取叢集資訊 
[root@server consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/status/peers	//檢視叢集server成員
["192.168.1.101:8300"]
[root@server consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/status/leader	//叢集Raf leader
"192.168.1.101:8300"
[root@server consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/services	//注冊的所有服務
{"consul":[]}
[root@server consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/nginx		//檢視nginx服務資訊
[root@server consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/nodes		//叢集節點詳細資訊
[{"ID":"4c354aca-4b09-9ea0-9741-6d4e6298affc","Node":"consul-server01","Address":"192.168.1.101","Datacenter":"dc1","TaggedAddresses":{"lan":"192.168.1.101","wan":"192.168.1.101"},"Meta":{},"CreateIndex":5,"ModifyIndex":6}]

容器服務自動加入consul叢集

在192.168.1.4上操作，先安裝registrator

[root@apache ~]# docker run -d \
> --name=registrator \
> --net=host \
> -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock \
> gliderlabs/registrator:latest \
> -ip=192.168.1.4 \
> consul://192.168.1.101:8500
  • 測試服務發現功能是否正常 
[root@apache ~]# docker run -itd -p:83:80 --name test-01 -h test01 nginx
c1f71bfc180e2e785908853eee16f21724ff30c234414ed90131eb9355afa7ff
[root@apache ~]# docker run -itd -p:84:80 --name test-02 -h test02 nginx
fbb25e0d26941dbed3ee97a71936b8d4255b132c3b8d130cd8972ce20bd06e5c
[root@apache ~]# docker run -itd -p:88:80 --name test-03 -h test03 httpd
77fdb711e6064c675c746ef3ed23b3890505edd73441e94b8cad02f019806efc
[root@apache ~]# docker run -itd -p:89:80 --name test-04 -h test04 httpd
666d1c4405ba5af95c05f12d0aedfc64a1cf428a3e0a0214e686e07c32b998e3
[root@apache ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                           COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                        PORTS                                 NAMES
666d1c4405ba   httpd                           "httpd-foreground"       5 seconds ago        Up 4 seconds                  0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp     test-04
77fdb711e606   httpd                           "httpd-foreground"       19 seconds ago       Up 18 seconds                 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp     test-03
fbb25e0d2694   nginx                           "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             0.0.0.0:84->80/tcp, :::84->80/tcp     test-02
c1f71bfc180e   nginx                           "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             0.0.0.0:83->80/tcp, :::83->80/tcp     test-01
docker進階！docker compose && consuldocker compose
  • 在consul服務端上檢視服務 
[root@server consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/services
{"consul":[],"httpd":[],"nginx":[]}
  • 安裝template，在consul上操作，先準備template模闆 
upstream http_backend {
  {{range service "nginx"}}     //過濾nginx伺服器
   server {{.Address}}:{{.Port}};  //此處引用的變量會指向後端的位址和端口（動态變化）
   {{end}}
}

server {
  listen 83;
  server_name localhost 192.168.1.101;	//反向代理的IP位址（前端展示web的ip）
  access_log /var/log/nginx/test.cn-access.log;
  index index.html index.php;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header HOST $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;	//後端真實ip
    proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;	
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;			//轉發位址
    proxy_pass http://http_backend;
  }
}
  • 手工編譯安裝nginx 
[root@server ~]# yum install -y gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel 
[root@server ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@server ~]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.2/
[root@server nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@server nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
  • 配置nginx 
[root@server ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
http {
    include       mime.types;
    include vhost/*.conf;		//添加虛拟主機目錄
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
  • 建立虛拟主機目錄和日志檔案目錄并啟動服務 
[root@server ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
[root@server ~]# mkdir /var/log/nginx
[root@server ~]# systemctl start nginx
  • 配置并啟動template 
[root@server ~]# unzip consul-template_0.19.3_linux_amd64.zip 
Archive:  consul-template_0.19.3_linux_amd64.zip
  inflating: consul-template         
[root@server ~]# mv consul-template /usr/bin/
[root@server ~]# consul-template -consul-addr 192.168.1.101:8500 \
> -template "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl:/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" \
> --log-level=info
2021/09/11 10:04:41.326881 [INFO] consul-template v0.19.3 (ebf2d3d)
2021/09/11 10:04:41.326899 [INFO] (runner) creating new runner (dry: false, once: false)
2021/09/11 10:04:41.327148 [INFO] (runner) creating watcher
2021/09/11 10:04:41.327324 [INFO] (runner) starting
2021/09/11 10:04:41.327341 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2021/09/11 10:04:41.329281 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2021/09/11 10:04:41.330282 [INFO] (runner) rendered "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf"
2021/09/11 10:04:41.330309 [INFO] (runner) executing command "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" from "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf"
2021/09/11 10:04:41.330399 [INFO] (child) spawning: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  • 檢視生成的配置檔案 
[root@server vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf 
upstream http_backend {
   
   server 192.168.1.4:83;
    
   server 192.168.1.4:84;
   
}

server {
  listen 83;
  server_name localhost 192.168.1.101;
  access_log /var/log/nginx/test.cn-access.log;
  index index.html index.php;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header HOST $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;	
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass http://http_backend;
  }
}
  • 在registrator上的伺服器上增加一個nginx容器節點 
[root@apache ~]# docker run -itd -p:85:80 --name test-05 -h test05 nginx
0d3041dd7cd9c99b06c536dbeea19d7d8bb108be6a06269a45d35cc5f5c104da
docker進階！docker compose && consuldocker compose
  • 再看consul伺服器上的變化 
2021/09/11 10:08:43.298860 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2021/09/11 10:08:43.300198 [INFO] (runner) rendered "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf"
2021/09/11 10:08:43.300227 [INFO] (runner) executing command "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" from "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf"
2021/09/11 10:08:43.300263 [INFO] (child) spawning: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@server vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf 
upstream http_backend {
   
   server 192.168.1.4:83;
    
   server 192.168.1.4:84;
    
   server 192.168.1.4:85;
   
}

server {
  listen 83;
  server_name localhost 192.168.1.101;
  access_log /var/log/nginx/test.cn-access.log;
  index index.html index.php;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header HOST $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;	
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass http://http_backend;
  }
}
  • 檢視三台nginx容器日志，請求正常輪詢到各個容器節點上 
[root@apache ~]# docker logs -f test-01
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.1
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6) 
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
2021/09/11 17:23:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
[root@apache ~]# docker logs -f test-02
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.1
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6) 
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
2021/09/11 17:23:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
[root@apache ~]# docker logs -f test-05
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.1
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6) 
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2021/09/11 18:08:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
Docker consul nginx
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