Python程式設計之GUI(9)

1.建立畫布

①畫布初始化

import tkinter
import tkinter.simpledialog
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.colorchooser
app = tkinter.Tk()
app.title('My Paint')
app['width'] = 800
app['height'] = 600

#控制是否允許畫圖的變量，1：允許，0：不允許
yesno = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
#控制畫圖類型的變量，1：曲線，2：直線，3：矩形，4：文本，5：橡皮
what = tkinter.IntVar(value=1)
#記錄滑鼠位置的變量
X = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
Y = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
#前景色
foreColor = '#000000'
backColor = '#FFFFFF'

#建立畫布
image = tkinter.PhotoImage()
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(app, bg=foreColor,width=800, height=600)
canvas.create_image(800, 600, image=image)

           

②添加操作

#滑鼠左鍵單擊，允許畫圖
def onLeftButtonDown(event):
    yesno.set(1)
    X.set(event.x)
    Y.set(event.y)
    if what.get()==4:
        canvas.create_text(event.x, event.y, text=text)
canvas.bind('<Button-1>', onLeftButtonDown)

#記錄最後繪制圖形的id
lastDraw = 0

#按住滑鼠左鍵移動，畫圖
def onLeftButtonMove(event):
    global lastDraw
    if yesno.get()==0:
        return
    if what.get()==1:
        #使用目前選擇的前景色繪制曲線
        canvas.create_line(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=foreColor)
        X.set(event.x)
        Y.set(event.y)
    elif what.get()==2:
        #繪制直線，先删除剛剛畫過的直線，再畫一條新的直線
        #global lastDraw
        try:
            canvas.delete(lastDraw)
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        lastDraw = canvas.create_line(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y,
                                      fill=foreColor)
    elif what.get()==3:
        #繪制矩形，先删除剛剛畫過的矩形，再畫一個新的矩形
        #global lastDraw
        try:
            canvas.delete(lastDraw)
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        lastDraw = canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y,
                                           fill=backColor, outline=foreColor)
    elif what.get()==5:
        #橡皮，使用背景色填充10*10的矩形區域
        canvas.create_rectangle(event.x-5, event.y-5, event.x+5, event.y+5,
                                outline=backColor, fill=backColor)
canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', onLeftButtonMove)
#滑鼠左鍵擡起，不允許畫圖
def onLeftButtonUp(event):
    if what.get()==2:
        #繪制直線
        canvas.create_line(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=foreColor)
    elif what.get()==3:
        #繪制矩形
        canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y,fill=backColor, outline=foreColor)
    yesno.set(0)
    global lastDraw
    lastDraw = 0
canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', onLeftButtonUp)

#建立菜單
menu = tkinter.Menu(app, tearoff=0)
#打開圖像檔案
def Open():
    filename = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='Open Image',filetypes=[('image', '*.jpg *.png *.gif')])
    if filename:
        global image
        image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=filename)
        canvas.create_image(80, 80, image=image)
menu.add_command(label='Open', command=Open)

#添加菜單，清除
def Clear():
    for item in canvas.find_all():
        canvas.delete(item)
menu.add_command(label='Clear', command=Clear)

#添加分割線
menu.add_separator()

#建立子菜單，用來選擇繪圖類型
menuType = tkinter.Menu(menu, tearoff=0)
def drawCurve():
    what.set(1)
    print(what.get())
menuType.add_command(label='Curve', command=drawCurve)

def drawLine():
    what.set(2)
menuType.add_command(label='Line', command=drawLine)

def drawRectangle():
    what.set(3)
menuType.add_command(label='Rectangle', command=drawRectangle)

def drawText():
    global text
    text = tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title='Input what you want to draw',prompt='')
    what.set(4)
menuType.add_command(label='Text', command=drawText)
menuType.add_separator()

#選擇前景色
def chooseForeColor():
    global foreColor
    foreColor = tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]
menuType.add_command(label='Choose Foreground Color', command=chooseForeColor)

#選擇背景色
def chooseBackColor():
    global backColor
    backColor = tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]

menuType.add_command(label='Choose Background Color', command=chooseBackColor)

#橡皮
def onErase():
    what.set(5)
menuType.add_command(label='Erase', command=onErase)
menu.add_cascade(label='Type', menu=menuType)

#滑鼠右鍵擡起，彈出菜單
def onRightButtonUp(event):
    menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-3>', onRightButtonUp)
canvas.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand=tkinter.YES)

           

2.電子時鐘

①鬧鐘初始化

import tkinter
import threading
import datetime
import time

app = tkinter.Tk()
app.overrideredirect(True)            #不顯示标題欄
app.attributes('-alpha', 0.9)         #半透明
app.attributes('-topmost', 1)         #總是在頂端
app.geometry('110x25+100+100')        #初始大小與位置
labelDateTime = tkinter.Label(app)
labelDateTime.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand=tkinter.YES)
labelDateTime.configure(bg = 'gray')

X = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)           #記錄滑鼠左鍵按下的位置
Y = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
canMove = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)     #視窗是否可拖動
still = tkinter.IntVar(value=1)       #是否仍在運作

def onLeftButtonDown(event):
    app.attributes('-alpha', 0.4)     #開始拖動時增加透明度
    X.set(event.x)                    #滑鼠左鍵按下，記錄目前位置
    Y.set(event.y)
    canMove.set(1)                    #并标記視窗可拖動
labelDateTime.bind('<Button-1>', onLeftButtonDown)

def onLeftButtonUp(event):
    app.attributes('-alpha', 0.9)     #停止拖動時恢複透明度
    canMove.set(0)                    #滑鼠左鍵擡起，标記視窗不可拖動
labelDateTime.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', onLeftButtonUp)

def onLeftButtonMove(event):
    if canMove.get()==0:
        return
    newX = app.winfo_x()+(event.x-X.get())
    newY = app.winfo_y()+(event.y-Y.get())
    g = '110x25+'+str(newX)+'+'+str(newY)
    app.geometry(g)                   #修改視窗的位置
labelDateTime.bind('<B1-Motion>', onLeftButtonMove)

def onRightButtonDown(event):
    still.set(0)
    t.join(0.2)
    app.destroy()                     #關閉視窗
labelDateTime.bind('<Button-3>', onRightButtonDown)

def nowDateTime():
    while still.get()==1:
        now = datetime.datetime.now()
        s = str(now.year)+'-'+str(now.month)+'-'+str(now.day)+' '
        s = s+str(now.hour)+':'+str(now.minute)+':'+str(now.second)
        labelDateTime['text'] = s     #顯示目前時間
        time.sleep(0.2)
t = threading.Thread(target=nowDateTime)
t.daemon = True
t.start()