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這個是實作結果，因為一天隻能取消三次，是以最後一步點選确認被我注釋了
1.首先實作使用selenium登陸12306
這裡實作了使用selenium登陸12306，實作全自動登陸12306連結
2.根據上面實作登陸後，實作購買火車票還需兩步
這裡隻進行了二等座的查詢和購票，想要買其他的自己也可以進行修改 1.進行車票的查詢 這裡面需要注意的是在輸入目的地和起始地時需要先click一下文本框browser.find_element_by_id(‘fromStationText’).click() 不然輸入的位址無效 還有将日期的隻讀屬性去掉
def search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date):
# 火車票頁面查詢url
search_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc'
# 轉到查詢車次頁面
browser.get(search_url)
time.sleep(2)
#輸入出發地
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'fromStationText'))
)
#先點選一下
browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').click()
browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(fromstation)
browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(1)
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'toStationText'))
)
#輸入目的地
browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').click()
browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(tostation)
browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(5)
#将日期的隻讀屬性去掉
js = 'document.getElementById("train_date").removeAttribute("readonly")'
browser.execute_script(js)
#去掉原本的時間
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'train_date'))
)
browser.find_element_by_id("train_date").clear()
#輸入出發時間
browser.find_element_by_id('train_date').send_keys(train_date)
# 等待查詢按鈕是否可用
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'query_ticket'))
)
searBtn = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket')
searBtn.click()
print('點選按鈕')
2.購買火車票 在這個函數中需要注意的是最好把最後一步注釋掉 browser.find_element_by_id(‘qr_submit_id’).click() 因為一天隻能取消3次訂單
def buy_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date,train_number,passenger):
#查詢火車票
search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date)
time.sleep(5)
#擷取每一個車次的資訊
tr_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('.//tbody[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')
for tr in tr_list:
#擷取車次号
number = tr.find_element_by_class_name('number').text
if number in train_number:
#擷取是否還有票
left_ticket = tr.find_element_by_xpath('./td[4]').text
if left_ticket =='有'or left_ticket.isdigit:
print(f'{number}還有票')
#點選預訂
orderBtn = tr.find_element_by_class_name('btn72')
orderBtn.click()
time.sleep(5)
#擷取12306中乘客的資訊
passenger_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li')
for li in passenger_list:
name = li.find_element_by_xpath('./label').text
print(name)
#配對12306人名
if name == passenger:
li.find_element_by_tag_name('input').click()
#送出訂單
submit = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
submit.click()
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'qr_submit_id'))
)
#一天隻能取消3次 是以最好把最後一步注釋了
browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
print('已經送出訂單')
break
下面是源代碼
測試的時候可以把#click_captcha()這個點選驗證碼的去掉自己手動點選，這樣就不用扣超級鷹的積分(有錢的話當我沒說)，留下了貧窮的淚水。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import Actionchains
import time
from PIL import Image
import requests
from hashlib import md5
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
#驗證碼識别處理
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 圖檔位元組
codetype: 題目類型 參考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:報錯題目的圖檔ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def login(username,password):
# 填寫賬号密碼
browser.find_element_by_id('J-userName').send_keys(username)
browser.find_element_by_id('J-password').send_keys(password)
# 擷取驗證碼
get_captcha()
# 填寫驗證碼
click_captcha()
#點選登入
time.sleep(4)
browser.find_element_by_id('J-login').click()
time.sleep(4)
#滑動驗證碼
slider()
print('成功登陸')
time.sleep(5)
def slider():
#滑動驗證碼
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]'))
)
span = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]')
# 對div_tag進行滑動操作
action = Actionchains(browser)
# 點選長按指定的标簽
action.click_and_hold(span).perform()
action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(span, 400, 0).perform()
def click_captcha():
# 擷取驗證碼需要的為點選位置
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('自己的使用者名', '密碼', '軟體id') # 使用者中心>>軟體ID 生成一個替換 96001
im = open('./captcha.png', 'rb').read() # 本地圖檔檔案路徑 來替換 a.jpg 有時WIN系統須要//
location = chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str'] # 1902 驗證碼類型 官方網站>>價格體系 3.4+版 print 後要加()
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004))
# 将位置進行分割成 [ [ ], [ ], [ ] ]類型
location_list = [i.split(',') for i in location.split('|')]
for l in location_list:
x = l[0]
y = l[1]
Actionchains(browser).move_to_element_with_offset(browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-pwd-code'), int(x),int(y)).click().perform()
time.sleep(0.5)
def get_captcha():
# 擷取網頁的截圖
allscreen = browser.get_screenshot_as_file('allscreen.png')
# 擷取captcha
captcha = browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-pwd-code')
# 擷取captcha的左上角位置
location = captcha.location
# 擷取圖檔大小
size = captcha.size
# 裁取captcha
rangle = (location['x'],location['y'],(location['x']+size['width']),(location['y']+size['height']))
i = Image.open('./allscreen.png')
captcha_img = './captcha.png'
frame = i.crop(rangle)
frame.save(captcha_img)
def buy_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date,train_number,passenger):
#查詢火車票
search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date)
time.sleep(5)
tr_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('.//tbody[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')
for tr in tr_list:
number = tr.find_element_by_class_name('number').text
if number in train_number:
left_ticket = tr.find_element_by_xpath('./td[4]').text
if left_ticket =='有'or left_ticket.isdigit:
print(f'{number}還有票')
orderBtn = tr.find_element_by_class_name('btn72')
orderBtn.click()
time.sleep(5)
passenger_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li')
for li in passenger_list:
name = li.find_element_by_xpath('./label').text
if name == passenger:
li.find_element_by_tag_name('input').click()
submit = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
submit.click()
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'qr_submit_id'))
)
#一天隻能取消3次 是以把最後一步注釋了
# browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
print('已經送出訂單')
break
def search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date):
# 火車票頁面查詢url
search_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc'
# 轉到查詢車次頁面
browser.get(search_url)
time.sleep(2)
#輸入出發地
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'fromStationText'))
)
#先點選一下
browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').click()
browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(fromstation)
browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(1)
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'toStationText'))
)
#輸入目的地
browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').click()
browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(tostation)
browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(5)
#将日期的隻讀屬性去掉
js = 'document.getElementById("train_date").removeAttribute("readonly")'
browser.execute_script(js)
#去掉原本的時間
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'train_date'))
)
browser.find_element_by_id("train_date").clear()
#輸入出發時間
browser.find_element_by_id('train_date').send_keys(train_date)
# 等待查詢按鈕是否可用
WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'query_ticket'))
)
searBtn = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket')
searBtn.click()
print('點選按鈕')
if __name__ == '__main__':
option = ChromeOptions() # 執行個體化一個ChromeOptions對象
option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation']) # 以鍵值對的形式加入參數
option.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
# 擷取響應
browser.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
script = 'Object.defineProperty(navigator,"webdriver",{get:()=>undefined,});'
browser.execute_script(script)
browser.maximize_window()
time.sleep(1)
# 點選賬号登陸
browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-hd-account').click()
#登陸12306的賬号密碼
login('使用者名','密碼')
time.sleep(4)
#例buy_ticket('南昌','撫州北','2020-12-15','D2241','xx')
buy_ticket('起始地','目的地','出發日期','車次','姓名')
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