這幾天，我在學習PHP語言中的SPL。
這個東西應該屬于PHP中的進階内容，看上去很複雜，但是非常有用，是以我做了長篇筆記。不然記不住，以後要用的時候，還是要從頭學起。
由于這是供自己參考的筆記，不是教程，是以寫得比較簡單，沒有多解釋。但是我想，如果你是一個熟練的PHP5程式員，應該足以看懂下面的材料，而且會發現它很有用。現在除此之外，網上根本沒有任何深入的SPL中文介紹。
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PHP SPL筆記
目錄
第一部分 簡介
1. 什麼是SPL？
2. 什麼是Iterator？
第二部分 SPL Interfaces
3. Iterator界面
4. ArrayAccess界面
5. IteratorAggregate界面
6. RecursiveIterator界面
7. SeekableIterator界面
8. Countable界面
第三部分 SPL Classes
9. SPL的内置類
10. DirectoryIterator類
11. ArrayObject類
12. ArrayIterator類
13. RecursiveArrayIterator類和RecursiveIteratorIterator類
14. FilterIterator類
15. SimpleXMLIterator類
16. CachingIterator類
17. LimitIterator類
18. SplFileObject類
第一部 簡介
1. 什麼是SPL？
SPL是Standard PHP Library（PHP标準庫）的縮寫。
根據官方定義，它是“a collection of interfaces and classes that are meant to solve standard problems”。但是，目前在使用中，SPL更多地被看作是一種使object（物體）模仿array（數組）行為的interfaces和classes。
2. 什麼是Iterator？
SPL的核心概念就是Iterator。這指的是一種Design Pattern，根據《Design Patterns》一書的定義，Iterator的作用是“provide an object which traverses some aggregate structure, abstracting away assumptions about the implementation of that structure.”
wikipedia中說，"an iterator is an object which allows a programmer to traverse through all the elements of a collection, regardless of its specific implementation".……"the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which iterators are used to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation".
通俗地說，Iterator能夠使許多不同的資料結構，都能有統一的操作界面，比如一個資料庫的結果集、同一個目錄中的檔案集、或者一個文本中每一行構成的集合。
如果按照普通情況，周遊一個MySQL的結果集，程式需要這樣寫：
// Fetch the "aggregate structure"
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM users");
// Iterate over the structure
while ( $row = mysql_fetch_array($result) ) {
// do stuff with the row here
}
讀出一個目錄中的内容，需要這樣寫：
// Fetch the "aggregate structure"
$dh = opendir('/home/harryf/files');
// Iterate over the structure
while ( $file = readdir($dh) ) {
// do stuff with the file here
}
讀出一個文本檔案的内容，需要這樣寫：
// Fetch the "aggregate structure"
$fh = fopen("/home/hfuecks/files/results.txt", "r");
// Iterate over the structure
while (!feof($fh)) {
$line = fgets($fh);
// do stuff with the line here
}
上面三段代碼，雖然處理的是不同的resource（資源），但是功能都是周遊結果集（loop over contents），是以Iterator的基本思想，就是将這三種不同的操作統一起來，用同樣的指令界面，處理不同的資源。
第二部分 SPL Interfaces
3. Iterator界面
SPL規定，所有部署了Iterator界面的class，都可以用在foreach Loop中。Iterator界面中包含5個必須部署的方法：
* current()
This method returns the current index’s value. You are solely
responsible for tracking what the current index is as the
interface does not do this for you.
* key()
This method returns the value of the current index’s key. For
foreach loops this is extremely important so that the key
value can be populated.
* next()
This method moves the internal index forward one entry.
* rewind()
This method should reset the internal index to the first element.
* valid()
This method should return true or false if there is a current
element. It is called after rewind() or next().
下面就是一個部署了Iterator界面的class示例：
/**
* An iterator for native PHP arrays, re-inventing the wheel
*
* Notice the "implements Iterator" - important!
*/
class ArrayReloaded implements Iterator {
/**
* A native PHP array to iterate over
*/
private $array = array();
/**
* A switch to keep track of the end of the array
*/
private $valid = FALSE;
/**
* Constructor
* @param array native PHP array to iterate over
*/
function __construct($array) {
$this->array = $array;
}
/**
* Return the array "pointer" to the first element
* PHP's reset() returns false if the array has no elements
*/
function rewind(){
$this->valid = (FALSE !== reset($this->array));
}
/**
* Return the current array element
*/
function current(){
return current($this->array);
}
/**
* Return the key of the current array element
*/
function key(){
return key($this->array);
}
/**
* Move forward by one
* PHP's next() returns false if there are no more elements
*/
function next(){
$this->valid = (FALSE !== next($this->array));
}
/**
* Is the current element valid?
*/
function valid(){
return $this->valid;
}
}
使用方法如下：
// Create iterator object
$colors = new ArrayReloaded(array ('red','green','blue',));
// Iterate away!
foreach ( $colors as $color ) {
echo $color."<br>";
}
你也可以在foreach循環中使用key()方法：
// Display the keys as well
foreach ( $colors as $key => $color ) {
echo "$key: $color<br>";
}
除了foreach循環外，也可以使用while循環，
// Reset the iterator - foreach does this automatically
$colors->rewind();
// Loop while valid
while ( $colors->valid() ) {
echo $colors->key().": ".$colors->current()."
";
$colors->next();
}
根據測試，while循環要稍快于foreach循環，因為運作時少了一層中間調用。
4. ArrayAccess界面
部署ArrayAccess界面，可以使得object像array那樣操作。ArrayAccess界面包含四個必須部署的方法：
* offsetExists($offset)
This method is used to tell php if there is a value
for the key specified by offset. It should return
true or false.
* offsetGet($offset)
This method is used to return the value specified
by the key offset.
* offsetSet($offset, $value)
This method is used to set a value within the object,
you can throw an exception from this function for a
read-only collection.
* offsetUnset($offset)
This method is used when a value is removed from
an array either through unset() or assigning the key
a value of null. In the case of numerical arrays, this
offset should not be deleted and the array should
not be reindexed unless that is specifically the
behavior you want.
下面就是一個部署ArrayAccess界面的執行個體：
/**
* A class that can be used like an array
*/
class Article implements ArrayAccess {
public $title;
public $author;
public $category;
function __construct($title,$author,$category) {
$this->title = $title;
$this->author = $author;
$this->category = $category;
}
/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Set a value given it's key e.g. $A['title'] = 'foo';
* @param mixed key (string or integer)
* @param mixed value
* @return void
*/
function offsetSet($key, $value) {
if ( array_key_exists($key,get_object_vars($this)) ) {
$this->{$key} = $value;
}
}
/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Return a value given it's key e.g. echo $A['title'];
* @param mixed key (string or integer)
* @return mixed value
*/
function offsetGet($key) {
if ( array_key_exists($key,get_object_vars($this)) ) {
return $this->{$key};
}
}
/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Unset a value by it's key e.g. unset($A['title']);
* @param mixed key (string or integer)
* @return void
*/
function offsetUnset($key) {
if ( array_key_exists($key,get_object_vars($this)) ) {
unset($this->{$key});
}
}
/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Check value exists, given it's key e.g. isset($A['title'])
* @param mixed key (string or integer)
* @return boolean
*/
function offsetExists($offset) {
return array_key_exists($offset,get_object_vars($this));
}
}
使用方法如下：
// Create the object
$A = new Article('SPL Rocks','Joe Bloggs', 'PHP');
// Check what it looks like
echo 'Initial State:<div>';
print_r($A);
echo '</div>';
// Change the title using array syntax
$A['title'] = 'SPL _really_ rocks';
// Try setting a non existent property (ignored)
$A['not found'] = 1;
// Unset the author field
unset($A['author']);
// Check what it looks like again
echo 'Final State:<div>';
print_r($A);
echo '</div>';
運作結果如下：
Initial State:
Article Object
(
[title] => SPL Rocks
[author] => Joe Bloggs
[category] => PHP
)
Final State:
Article Object
(
[title] => SPL _really_ rocks
[category] => PHP
)
可以看到，$A雖然是一個object，但是完全可以像array那樣操作。
你還可以在讀取資料時，增加程式内部的邏輯：
function offsetGet($key) {
if ( array_key_exists($key,get_object_vars($this)) ) {
return strtolower($this->{$key});
}
}
5. IteratorAggregate界面
但是，雖然$A可以像數組那樣操作，卻無法使用foreach周遊，除非部署了前面提到的Iterator界面。
另一個解決方法是，有時會需要将資料和周遊部分分開，這時就可以部署IteratorAggregate界面。它規定了一個getIterator()方法，傳回一個使用Iterator界面的object。
還是以上一節的Article類為例：
class Article implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
/**
* Defined by IteratorAggregate interface
* Returns an iterator for for this object, for use with foreach
* @return ArrayIterator
*/
function getIterator() {
return new ArrayIterator($this);
}
使用方法如下：
$A = new Article('SPL Rocks','Joe Bloggs', 'PHP');
// Loop (getIterator will be called automatically)
echo 'Looping with foreach:<div>';
foreach ( $A as $field => $value ) {
echo "$field : $value<br>";
}
echo '</div>';
// Get the size of the iterator (see how many properties are left)
echo "Object has ".sizeof($A->getIterator())." elements";
顯示結果如下：
Looping with foreach:
title : SPL Rocks
author : Joe Bloggs
category : PHP
Object has 3 elements
6. RecursiveIterator界面
這個界面用于周遊多層資料，它繼承了Iterator界面，因而也具有标準的current()、key()、next()、 rewind()和valid()方法。同時，它自己還規定了getChildren()和hasChildren()方法。The getChildren() method must return an object that implements RecursiveIterator.
7. SeekableIterator界面
SeekableIterator界面也是Iterator界面的延伸，除了Iterator的5個方法以外，還規定了seek()方法，參數是元素的位置，傳回該元素。如果該位置不存在，則抛出OutOfBoundsException。
下面是一個是執行個體：
<?php
class PartyMemberIterator implements SeekableIterator
{
public function __construct(PartyMember $member)
{
// Store $member locally for iteration
}
public function seek($index)
{
$this->rewind();
$position = 0;
while ($position < $index && $this->valid()) {
$this->next();
$position++;
}
if (!$this->valid()) {
throw new OutOfBoundsException('Invalid position');
}
}
// Implement current(), key(), next(), rewind()
// and valid() to iterate over data in $member
}
?>
8. Countable界面
這個界面規定了一個count()方法，傳回結果集的數量。
第三部分 SPL Classes
9. SPL的内置類
SPL除了定義一系列Interfaces以外，還提供一系列的内置類，它們對應不同的任務，大大簡化了程式設計。
檢視所有的内置類，可以使用下面的代碼：
<?php
// a simple foreach() to traverse the SPL class names
foreach(spl_classes() as $key=>$value)
{
echo $key.' -> '.$value.'<br />';
}
?>
10. DirectoryIterator類
這個類用來檢視一個目錄中的所有檔案和子目錄：
<?php
try{
/*** class create new DirectoryIterator Object ***/
foreach ( new DirectoryIterator('./') as $Item )
{
echo $Item.'<br />';
}
}
/*** if an exception is thrown, catch it here ***/
catch(Exception $e){
echo 'No files Found!<br />';
}
?>
檢視檔案的詳細資訊：
<table>
<?php
foreach(new DirectoryIterator('./' ) as $file )
{
if( $file->getFilename() == 'foo.txt' )
{
echo '<tr><td>getFilename()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getFilename()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getBasename()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getBasename()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isDot()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isDot()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>__toString()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->__toString()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getPath()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getPath()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getPathname()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getPathname()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getPerms()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getPerms()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getInode()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getInode()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getSize()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getSize()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getOwner()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getOwner()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>$file->getGroup()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getGroup()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getATime()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getATime()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getMTime()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getMTime()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getCTime()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getCTime()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getType()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getType()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isWritable()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isWritable()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isReadable()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isReadable()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isExecutable(</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isExecutable()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isFile()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isFile()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isDir()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isDir()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>isLink()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->isLink()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getFileInfo()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getFileInfo()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>getPathInfo()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->getPathInfo()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>openFile()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->openFile()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>setFileClass()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->setFileClass()); echo '</td></tr>';
echo '<tr><td>setInfoClass()</td><td> '; var_dump($file->setInfoClass()); echo '</td></tr>';
}
}
?>
</table>
除了foreach循環外，還可以使用while循環：
<?php
/*** create a new iterator object ***/
$it = new DirectoryIterator('./');
/*** loop directly over the object ***/
while($it->valid())
{
echo $it->key().' -- '.$it->current().'<br />';
/*** move to the next iteration ***/
$it->next();
}
?>
如果要過濾所有子目錄，可以在valid()方法中過濾：
<?php
/*** create a new iterator object ***/
$it = new DirectoryIterator('./');
/*** loop directly over the object ***/
while($it->valid())
{
/*** check if value is a directory ***/
if($it->isDir())
{
/*** echo the key and current value ***/
echo $it->key().' -- '.$it->current().'<br />';
}
/*** move to the next iteration ***/
$it->next();
}
?>
11. ArrayObject類
這個類可以将Array轉化為object。
<?php
/*** a simple array ***/
$array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
/*** create the array object ***/
$arrayObj = new ArrayObject($array);
/*** iterate over the array ***/
for($iterator = $arrayObj->getIterator();
/*** check if valid ***/
$iterator->valid();
/*** move to the next array member ***/
$iterator->next())
{
/*** output the key and current array value ***/
echo $iterator->key() . ' => ' . $iterator->current() . '<br />';
}
?>
增加一個元素：
$arrayObj->append('dingo');
對元素排序：
$arrayObj->natcasesort();
顯示元素的數量：
echo $arrayObj->count();
删除一個元素：
$arrayObj->offsetUnset(5);
某一個元素是否存在：
if ($arrayObj->offsetExists(3))
{
echo 'Offset Exists<br />';
}
更改某個位置的元素值：
$arrayObj->offsetSet(5, "galah");
顯示某個位置的元素值：
echo $arrayObj->offsetGet(4);
12. ArrayIterator類
這個類實際上是對ArrayObject類的補充，為後者提供周遊功能。
示例如下：
<?php
/*** a simple array ***/
$array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
try {
$object = new ArrayIterator($array);
foreach($object as $key=>$value)
{
echo $key.' => '.$value.'<br />';
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
ArrayIterator類也支援offset類方法和count()方法：
<ul>
<?php
/*** a simple array ***/
$array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
try {
$object = new ArrayIterator($array);
/*** check for the existence of the offset 2 ***/
if($object->offSetExists(2))
{
/*** set the offset of 2 to a new value ***/
$object->offSetSet(2, 'Goanna');
}
/*** unset the kiwi ***/
foreach($object as $key=>$value)
{
/*** check the value of the key ***/
if($object->offSetGet($key) === 'kiwi')
{
/*** unset the current key ***/
$object->offSetUnset($key);
}
echo '<li>'.$key.' - '.$value.'</li>'."\n";
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
</ul>
13. RecursiveArrayIterator類和RecursiveIteratorIterator類
ArrayIterator類和ArrayObject類，隻支援周遊一維數組。如果要周遊多元數組，必須先用RecursiveIteratorIterator生成一個Iterator，然後再對這個Iterator使用RecursiveIteratorIterator。
<?php
$array = array(
array('name'=>'butch', 'sex'=>'m', 'breed'=>'boxer'),
array('name'=>'fido', 'sex'=>'m', 'breed'=>'doberman'),
array('name'=>'girly','sex'=>'f', 'breed'=>'poodle')
);
foreach(new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveArrayIterator($array)) as $key=>$value)
{
echo $key.' -- '.$value.'<br />';
}
?>
14. FilterIterator類
FilterIterator類可以對元素進行過濾，隻要在accept()方法中設定過濾條件就可以了。
示例如下：
<?php
/*** a simple array ***/
$animals = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'NZ'=>'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
class CullingIterator extends FilterIterator{
/*** The filteriterator takes a iterator as param: ***/
public function __construct( Iterator $it ){
parent::__construct( $it );
}
/*** check if key is numeric ***/
function accept(){
return is_numeric($this->key());
}
}/*** end of class ***/
$cull = new CullingIterator(new ArrayIterator($animals));
foreach($cull as $key=>$value)
{
echo $key.' == '.$value.'<br />';
}
?>
下面是另一個傳回質數的例子：
<?php
class PrimeFilter extends FilterIterator{
/*** The filteriterator takes a iterator as param: ***/
public function __construct(Iterator $it){
parent::__construct($it);
}
/*** check if current value is prime ***/
function accept(){
if($this->current() % 2 != 1)
{
return false;
}
$d = 3;
$x = sqrt($this->current());
while ($this->current() % $d != 0 && $d < $x)
{
$d += 2;
}
return (($this->current() % $d == 0 && $this->current() != $d) * 1) == 0 ? true : false;
}
}/*** end of class ***/
/*** an array of numbers ***/
$numbers = range(212345,212456);
/*** create a new FilterIterator object ***/
$primes = new primeFilter(new ArrayIterator($numbers));
foreach($primes as $value)
{
echo $value.' is prime.<br />';
}
?>
15. SimpleXMLIterator類
這個類用來周遊xml檔案。
示例如下：
<?php
/*** a simple xml tree ***/
$xmlstring = <<<XML
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<document>
<animal>
<category id="26">
<species>Phascolarctidae</species>
<type>koala</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="27">
<species>macropod</species>
<type>kangaroo</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="28">
<species>diprotodon</species>
<type>wombat</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="31">
<species>macropod</species>
<type>wallaby</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="21">
<species>dromaius</species>
<type>emu</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="22">
<species>Apteryx</species>
<type>kiwi</type>
<name>Troy</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="23">
<species>kingfisher</species>
<type>kookaburra</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="48">
<species>monotremes</species>
<type>platypus</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="4">
<species>arachnid</species>
<type>funnel web</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
<legs>8</legs>
</category>
</animal>
</document>
XML;
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
try {
/*** a new simple xml iterator ***/
$it = new SimpleXMLIterator($xmlstring);
/*** a new limitIterator object ***/
foreach(new RecursiveIteratorIterator($it,1) as $name => $data)
{
echo $name.' -- '.$data.'<br />';
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
new RecursiveIteratorIterator($it,1)表示顯示所有包括父元素在内的子元素。
顯示某一個特定的元素值，可以這樣寫：
<?php
try {
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
$sxi = new SimpleXMLIterator($xmlstring);
foreach ( $sxi as $node )
{
foreach($node as $k=>$v)
{
echo $v->species.'<br />';
}
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
相對應的while循環寫法為：
<?php
try {
$sxe = simplexml_load_string($xmlstring, 'SimpleXMLIterator');
for ($sxe->rewind(); $sxe->valid(); $sxe->next())
{
if($sxe->hasChildren())
{
foreach($sxe->getChildren() as $element=>$value)
{
echo $value->species.'<br />';
}
}
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
最友善的寫法，還是使用xpath：
<?php
try {
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
$sxi = new SimpleXMLIterator($xmlstring);
/*** set the xpath ***/
$foo = $sxi->xpath('animal/category/species');
/*** iterate over the xpath ***/
foreach ($foo as $k=>$v)
{
echo $v.'<br />';
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
下面的例子，顯示有namespace的情況：
<?php
/*** a simple xml tree ***/
$xmlstring = <<<XML
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<document xmlns:spec="http://example.org/animal-species">
<animal>
<category id="26">
<species>Phascolarctidae</species>
<spec:name>Speed Hump</spec:name>
<type>koala</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="27">
<species>macropod</species>
<spec:name>Boonga</spec:name>
<type>kangaroo</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="28">
<species>diprotodon</species>
<spec:name>pot holer</spec:name>
<type>wombat</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="31">
<species>macropod</species>
<spec:name>Target</spec:name>
<type>wallaby</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="21">
<species>dromaius</species>
<spec:name>Road Runner</spec:name>
<type>emu</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="22">
<species>Apteryx</species>
<spec:name>Football</spec:name>
<type>kiwi</type>
<name>Troy</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="23">
<species>kingfisher</species>
<spec:name>snaker</spec:name>
<type>kookaburra</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="48">
<species>monotremes</species>
<spec:name>Swamp Rat</spec:name>
<type>platypus</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
</category>
</animal>
<animal>
<category id="4">
<species>arachnid</species>
<spec:name>Killer</spec:name>
<type>funnel web</type>
<name>Bruce</name>
<legs>8</legs>
</category>
</animal>
</document>
XML;
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
try {
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
$sxi = new SimpleXMLIterator($xmlstring);
$sxi-> registerXPathNamespace('spec', 'http://www.exampe.org/species-title');
/*** set the xpath ***/
$result = $sxi->xpath('//spec:name');
/*** get all declared namespaces ***/
foreach($sxi->getDocNamespaces('animal') as $ns)
{
echo $ns.'<br />';
}
/*** iterate over the xpath ***/
foreach ($result as $k=>$v)
{
echo $v.'<br />';
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
增加一個節點：
<?php
$xmlstring = <<<XML
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<document>
<animal>koala</animal>
<animal>kangaroo</animal>
<animal>wombat</animal>
<animal>wallaby</animal>
<animal>emu</animal>
<animal>kiwi</animal>
<animal>kookaburra</animal>
<animal>platypus</animal>
<animal>funnel web</animal>
</document>
XML;
try {
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
$sxi = new SimpleXMLIterator($xmlstring);
/*** add a child ***/
$sxi->addChild('animal', 'Tiger');
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
$new = new SimpleXmlIterator($sxi->saveXML());
/*** iterate over the new tree ***/
foreach($new as $val)
{
echo $val.'<br />';
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
增加屬性：
<?php
$xmlstring =<<<XML
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<document>
<animal>koala</animal>
<animal>kangaroo</animal>
<animal>wombat</animal>
<animal>wallaby</animal>
<animal>emu</animal>
<animal>kiwi</animal>
<animal>kookaburra</animal>
<animal>platypus</animal>
<animal>funnel web</animal>
</document>
XML;
try {
/*** a new simpleXML iterator object ***/
$sxi = new SimpleXMLIterator($xmlstring);
/*** add an attribute with a namespace ***/
$sxi->addAttribute('id:att1', 'good things', 'urn::test-foo');
/*** add an attribute without a namespace ***/
$sxi->addAttribute('att2', 'no-ns');
echo htmlentities($sxi->saveXML());
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
16. CachingIterator類
這個類有一個hasNext()方法，用來判斷是否還有下一個元素。
示例如下：
<?php
/*** a simple array ***/
$array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
try {
/*** create a new object ***/
$object = new CachingIterator(new ArrayIterator($array));
foreach($object as $value)
{
echo $value;
if($object->hasNext())
{
echo ',';
}
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
17. LimitIterator類
這個類用來限定傳回結果集的數量和位置，必須提供offset和limit兩個參數，與SQL指令中limit語句類似。
示例如下：
<?php
/*** the offset value ***/
$offset = 3;
/*** the limit of records to show ***/
$limit = 2;
$array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
$it = new LimitIterator(new ArrayIterator($array), $offset, $limit);
foreach($it as $k=>$v)
{
echo $it->getPosition().'<br />';
}
?>
另一個例子是：
<?php
/*** a simple array ***/
$array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
$it = new LimitIterator(new ArrayIterator($array));
try
{
$it->seek(5);
echo $it->current();
}
catch(OutOfBoundsException $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage() . "<br />";
}
?>
18. SplFileObject類
這個類用來對文本檔案進行周遊。
示例如下：
<?php
try{
// iterate directly over the object
foreach( new SplFileObject("/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log") as $line)
// and echo each line of the file
echo $line.'<br />';
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
傳回文本檔案的第三行，可以這樣寫：
<?php
try{
$file = new SplFileObject("/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log");
$file->seek(3);
echo $file->current();
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
[參考文獻]
1. Introduction to Standard PHP Library (SPL), By Kevin Waterson
2. Introducing PHP 5's Standard Library, By Harry Fuecks
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