備注：配置MySQL資料庫字元集的目的是友善的使用資料庫，無需在每次連接配接的時候都要臨時設定資料庫字元集的，個人不建議采用這種方法，真正的工程項目都應該在連接配接資料庫時臨時設定資料庫字元集，如此才便于系統的移植，而且又不會影響資料庫伺服器中的其他資料庫的使用！
安裝完成之後，需要配置MySQL的字元集配置，首先需要查找MySQL的配置檔案的位置，由于MySQL的配置檔案名是以.cnf結尾的，是以可用如下指令進行查找：
[[email protected] ~]# find / -iname '*.cnf' -print
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.56/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.56/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.56/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.56/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.56/my-small.cnf
/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
輸入完指令“find / -iname '*.cnf'-print”回車後，螢幕便顯示搜尋到的MySQL配置檔案，然後拷貝my-large.cnf、my-medium.cnf 、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf 、my-huge.cnf、my-small.cnf中任意的一個到/etc目錄下，并命名為my.cnf，其指令如下所示：
[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
然後，使用vi編輯器修改/etc/my.cnf檔案，在[client]下添加： “default-character-set=gb2312”；在[mysqld]下添加：“default-character-set=gb2312”。如下所示：
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=gb2312
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
default-character-set=gb2312
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
按一下Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”後回車儲存配置檔案，輸入“/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqlrestart”重新開機MySQL服務，如下所示：
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL..[确定]
Starting MySQL..[确定]
最後，我們來驗證MySQL伺服器配置是否成功，首先登入MySQL，輸入“mysql –uroot -p”回車，系統提示輸入密碼，登入成功後進入MySQL指令模式，如下所示：
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.56-community-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
在MySQL指令模式下分别輸入“show variables like'collation_%';”、“show variables like 'character_set_%';”回車後顯示字元集設定，如下所示：
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | gb2312_chinese_ci |
| collation_database | gb2312_chinese_ci |
| collation_server | gb2312_chinese_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | gb2312 |
| character_set_connection | gb2312 |
| character_set_database | gb2312 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gb2312 |
| character_set_server | gb2312 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
根據以上查詢結果可知我們設定的MySQL資料庫配置資訊已經生效，至此完成MySQL的伺服器的安裝與配置。
3.關于MySQL資料庫的一些注意事項