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Spring學習筆記(6)----編碼剖析Spring依賴注入的原理

在Spring學習筆記(3)中剖析了Spring管理Bean的原理,下面解釋下Spring依賴注入的原理

在進行依賴注入時,我們的配置檔案如下配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
				http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
	<bean id="mySqlDAO" class="com.szy.spring.dao.UserDAO4MySqlImpl"/>
	<bean id="oracleDAO" class="com.szy.spring.dao.UserDAO4OracleImpl"/>
	<bean id="userService" class="com.szy.spring.service.UserServiceImpl">
		<!--構造方法注入  
			<property name="userDAO" ref="mySqlDAO"></property>
		-->
		<property name="userDAO" ref="oracleDAO"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>
      

 根據配置檔案資訊,我們首先需要建立一個Bean類,用來儲存bean節點的資訊:

package com.szy.spring.bean;

import java.util.List;

public class Bean
{
	private String id;   
    private String className; 
    private List<Property> propertyList;
	public Bean(String id, String className, List<Property> propertyList)
	{
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.className = className;
		this.propertyList = propertyList;
	}
	public String getId()   
    {   
        return id;   
    }   
    public void setId(String id)   
    {   
        this.id = id;   
    }   
    public String getClassName()   
    {   
        return className;   
    }   
    public void setClassName(String className)   
    {   
        this.className = className;   
    }
	public List<Property> getPropertyList()
	{
		return propertyList;
	}
	public void setPropertyList(List<Property> propertyList)
	{
		this.propertyList = propertyList;
	}   
}
           

 此外,由于bean下存在property資訊,是以我們還需要建立property類

package com.szy.spring.bean;

public class Property
{
	private String name;
	private String ref;
	
	public Property(String name, String ref)
	{
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.ref = ref;
	}
	public String getName()
	{
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getRef()
	{
		return ref;
	}
	public void setRef(String ref)
	{
		this.ref = ref;
	}
	
}
           

在Spring學習筆記(3)中,我們在讀取xml檔案時bean節點下面是不存在property節點的,是以在這裡我們需要修改readXML()方法:

/**
	 * 讀取xml配置檔案
	 * @param fileName 配置檔案名
	 */
	private void readXML(String fileName)
	{
		// 尋找配置檔案
		URL xmlPath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileName);
		Document doc = null;
		Element root = null;
		try
		{
			SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder(false);
			doc = sb.build(new FileInputStream(new File(xmlPath.toURI())));
			// 設定命名空間   
			Namespace xhtml = Namespace.getNamespace("xhtml",
					"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");
			root = doc.getRootElement(); // 擷取根元素   
			List<Element> bList = root.getChildren("bean", xhtml); //擷取全部bean節點   
			for (Element beanElement : bList)// 周遊節點,取得每個節點的屬性   
			{
				String id = beanElement.getAttributeValue("id");
				String className = beanElement.getAttributeValue("class");
				//獲得每個bean下面的屬性
				List<Element> pList = beanElement
						.getChildren("property", xhtml);
				List<Property> propertyList = new ArrayList<Property>(); //存儲屬性資訊
				if (pList.size() > 0) //如果存在屬性
				{
					for (Element propertyElement : pList) //周遊屬性節點
					{
						String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name");
						String ref = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("ref");
						Property property = new Property(name, ref);
						propertyList.add(property); //儲存屬性節點
					}
				}
				Bean bean = new Bean(id, className, propertyList);
				beanList.add(bean);
			}

		} catch (Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
           

 讀取完配置檔案後我們還是需要對bean進行執行個體化的,這方法和Spring學習筆記(3)中的instanceBeans()方法一樣。下面就是我們需要給bean屬性進行注入,實作方法如下:

/**
	 * 為bean對象的屬性注入值
	 */
	public void injectObject()
	{
		for (Bean bean : beanList)
		{
			Object object = beanObject.get(bean.getId()); //擷取bean的執行個體
			if (object != null)
			{
				try
				{
					PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(
							object.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors();  //取得bean的屬性描述
					for (Property property : bean.getPropertyList())  //擷取bean節點的屬性
					{
						for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps)  
						{
							if (property.getName().equals(properdesc.getName()))
							{
								Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod();//擷取屬性的setter方法 ,private
								if (setter != null)
								{
									Object value = beanObject.get(property.getRef());  //取得值
									setter.setAccessible(true);  //設定為允許通路
									setter.invoke(object, value);//把引用對象注入到屬性
								}
								break;
							}
						}
					}
				} catch (Exception e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
           

我們進行測試:

MyClassPathXMLApplicationContext ctx=new MyClassPathXMLApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");   
		UserService service=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
		service.show();
           

運作輸出

OracleDAO Implement      

 上面僅是簡單的示範了Spring依賴注入的原理,但是在實際操作中還需要考慮很對其它因素,在此就不進行讨論了。

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