Elasticsearch快速入門 - 增删改查

前言：elasticsearch貌似版本疊代超快，現在網上大多的例子都是老版本的。

最新elasticsearch 7.x的版本裡type的概念被廢棄（https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/removal-of-types.html）。跑在新版elasticsearch下會警告或報錯。以下指令符合7.x規範，Kibana裡全部驗證過。

// 建立一個索引
PUT school
{
  "settings":{
    "number_of_shards": 3,   
    "number_of_replicas": 1	
  },
  "mappings":{
      "properties":{
        "name":{
          "type":"text"
        },
        "address":{
          "type":"keyword"
        },
        "age":{
          "type":"integer"
        },
        "date":{
          "type":"date",
          "format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss|| yyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
        }
      }
  }
}

// 插入一條資料,手動指定ID
PUT /school/_doc/1
{
  "name":"楊旭",
  "address":"山東煙台",
  "age":22,
  "date":"1995-04-12"
}

// 插入一條資料,自動生成ID
POST /school/_doc/
{
  "name":"張小花",
  "address":"山東煙台",
  "age":24,
  "date":"1996-07-24"
}

// 用ID查詢某條資料
GET /school/_doc/1

// 用ID查詢某條資料的指定字段
GET /school/_doc/1?_source=name,address

// 查詢某庫所有資料
GET /school/_search

// 複合查詢
GET /school/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "花"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "date": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ],
  "from": 0,
  "size": 10
}

// 檢視索引的mapping
GET /school/_mapping

// 覆寫式修改資料(全覆寫，而非增量覆寫)
PUT /school/_doc/1
{
  "name":"楊花旭",
  "address":"山東濟甯",
  "date":"1995-04-12"
}

// 增量式修改資料
POST /school/_update/1/
{
  "doc":{
    "age":20
  }
}

// 删除某條資料
DELETE /school/_doc/1