1 硬體結構
我使用的是風火輪出品的樹莓派A20闆子,同樣也買了一個DVK521擴充的底闆,可以看到有8個LED燈,關于GPIO,點亮LED是最好的驅動編寫例子。
先看DVK521闆子上的LED燈硬體原理:

LED燈原理圖
LED燈原理比較簡單,安裝該圖來看,需要将PE4~PE11置高即可,從這裡看來,A20的IO口輸出電流能力還是比較強。
2 驅動編寫
2.1 GPIO寄存器的相關知識
按照以前S3C2440,S3C6410等闆子,找到寄存器很簡單,隻需要翻遍手冊,然後使用核心提供的ioremap将硬體位址映射到核心的虛拟位址上,即可達到通過控制虛拟位址達到控制硬體位址的效果。
但是,在A20上,控制方法已經改成了script_parser_fetch()等等API操作方法,這表示描述方法有所不同,但是具體思路仍然相同。要注意的是,也可以使用以前的控制方法。
在《樹莓派3主要晶片手冊V1.0(A20datasheet).pdf》(點選連結)文檔的P19頁上,
A20将通用的GPIO當成了PIO,我截取出PIO的位址範圍,如下圖所示:

PIO位址範圍
再跳到P240,找到1.19 Port Controller這一章,我們隻需要關注的是Port E(PE):12 input/output port。

GPIO引腳
在這一章裡,說明了一些知識點:
1.上面列的GPIO引腳中,除了Port S做位DRAM來用,其他的沒有複用的功能的,都可以用作普通IO口。
2.A20上有32個外部PIO中斷。
由于是初次使用該款晶片,而GPIO是最基本的功能,是以,還是繼續貼出P247上的關于GPIO的配置寄存器内容,友善後面的查找:

GPIO配置寄存器

GPIO資料寄存器等等
2.2 配置寄存器
我在MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2源碼目錄下,找到了sun4i-keypad.c檔案,在sw_keypad_init()中找到了API函數script_parser_fetch(),根據這個函數,我在gpio-sunxi.c中找到了操作gpio的許多API函數,例如sunxi_gpio_to_irq(),sunxi_gpio_set()等等。
最終,将所有的點,可以挂接到一個結構體上:struct gpio_chip。
到這裡,對于GPIO的内容,就到頭了,分析再多,那就變成了一篇驅動程式分析的文章了。
在gpio-sunxi.c的sunxi_gpio_probe()函數裡,通過注釋,知道該函數中有在找script.bin檔案。
2.2.1 找到fex2bin工具,sys_config.fex,script.bin的目錄
先找到fex2bin工具,sys_config.fex,script.bin在哪個目錄下:
[email protected]:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2$ ls tools/sunxi-tools/
adb-devprobe.sh fel-copy.c jtag-loop.c nand-part-main.c script_fex.c
bin fel-gpio jtag-loop.lds nand-part-main.o script_fex.h
bin2fex fel-pio.c jtag-loop.S phoenix_info.c script.h
boot_head.lds fel-pio.lds Makefile pio script+lcd.bin
boot_head.S fel-sdboot.c nand-common.h pio.c script_lcd.fex
bootinfo fel-sdboot.lds nand-part README script_uboot.c
bootinfo.c fex2bin nand-part-a10.h script.bin script_uboot.h
common.h fexc nand-part-a10.o script_bin.c sys_config.fex
COPYING fexc.c nand-part-a20.h script_bin.h usb-boot
fel fexc.h nand-part-a20.o script.c
fel.c include nand-part.c script.fex
[email protected]:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2$
2.2.2 找到開發闆上的script.bin檔案位置
在開發闆上使用如下指令可以找到script.bin檔案:
[email protected]:~# ls /mnt/
[email protected]:~# mount /dev/nanda /mnt/
[email protected]:~# ls /mnt/
boot.axf drv_de.drv font32.sft os_show sprite.axf
boot.ini drv_hdmi.drv linux prvt.axf uEnv.txt
boot_signature.axf font24.sft magic.bin script.bin uImage
[email protected]:~#
2.2.3 修改sys_config.fex檔案
從sys_config.fex檔案中,可以看到,裡面描述的都是io口的功能。
我把裡面最基本的功能描述,摘錄如下:
;A20 PAD application
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; 說明:
; 1. 腳本中的字元串區分大小寫,使用者可以修改"="後面的數值,但是不要修改前面的字元串
; 2. 新增主鍵和子鍵的名稱必須控制在32個字元以内,不包括32個
; 3. 是以的注釋以“;”開始,單獨占據一行
; 4. 注釋不可和配置項同行,例如:主鍵和子健後面不能添加任何形式的注釋
;
; gpio的描述形式:Port:端口+組内序号
; 例如:port:PA0<0>
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
現在在硬體上,有PE4~PE11這些管腳需要設定。
用什麼參數怎麼去設定一個IO口?
要去尋求這個問題的答案,核心肯定會有相應的依據,我在script.h中找到了結構體:
struct sunxi_property_gpio_value。
摘錄如下:
struct sunxi_property_gpio_value {
u32 port;
u32 port_num;
s32 mul_sel;
s32 pull;
s32 drv_level;
s32 data;
};
每一項含義清楚了之後,我們就可以一個個的去設定了,那麼,還是要回到手冊:《樹莓派3主要晶片手冊V1.0(A20datasheet).pdf》上的P249。
根據手冊上的說明:
mul_sel:
0--輸入
1--輸出
2~7--複用功能
pull:
0--上拉/下拉禁止
1--上拉使能
2--下拉使能
drv_level:
0--level 0
1--level 1
2--level 2
3--level 3
data:
0--輸出電平為0
1--輸出電平為1
可以在這個網站上找到較長的描述:連結
現在,可以在sys_config.fex檔案中添加PE4~PE11的資訊:
[led_test_para]
led_test_enable = 1
led1 = port:PE4<1><1>
led2 = port:PE5<1><1>
led3 = port:PE6<1><1>
led4 = port:PE7<1><1>
led5 = port:PE8<1><1>
led6 = port:PE9<1><1>
led7 = port:PE10<1><1>
led8 = port:PE11<1><1>
修改完成後,需要将該檔案更新為script.bin,操作方法如下:
先看怎麼用fex2bin這個工具:
[email protected]:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/tools/sunxi-tools$ ./fex2bin -v
./fex2bin: from fex: to bin:
之後,我們先備份源檔案,然後再生成自己的script.bin檔案。
[email protected]:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/tools/sunxi-tools$ cp script.bin script_bak.bin
[email protected]:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/tools/sunxi-tools$ ./fex2bin sys_config.fex script.bin
最後,将A20開發闆上的script.bin替換掉。
2.2.4 擷取script.bin的參數
找到\marsboard\marsboard-a20-linux-sdk-v1.2\linux-sunxi\drivers\leds\leds-sunxi.c檔案,這是一個很好的控制led燈的例子程式,可以參考它來做下面的工作。
我直接粘貼出來整個簡單的gpio.c程式檔案:
#include "linux/init.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
script_gpio_set_t info;
unsigned gpio_handler;
static int __init led_init(void)
{
int err = 0;
int led_test_enabled = 0;
int ret = 0;
err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led_test_enable", &led_test_enabled,
sizeof(led_test_enabled)/sizeof(int));
if(!err){
printk("---script.bin led get ok,value:%d----\n",led_test_enabled);
}
else
{
printk("---script.bin led get false----\n");
return -1;
}
err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led1",
(int *)&info,
sizeof(script_gpio_set_t));
if (err) {
printk("----script.bin get io error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("led_test_para", "led1");
if (!gpio_handler) {
printk("----script.bin can't requst handler----\r\n");
return -1;
}
ret = gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(gpio_handler, 1,
"led1");
if (!ret)
ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(gpio_handler,
1, "led1");
return 0;
}
static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
if (gpio_handler)
gpio_release(gpio_handler, 1);
printk("---dirver exit---\r\n");
}
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for empty");
MODULE_AUTHOR("wit_yuan");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile檔案如下:
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
KERNEL_DIR=/home/wityuan/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/linux-sunxi
PWD=$(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o gpio gpio.c
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
clean:
rm -rf *.ko *.o .tmp_versions *.mod.c modules.order Module.symvers .*.cmd
else
obj-m:=gpio.o
endif
然後将gpio.ko檔案下載下傳到開發闆上,再開發闆上執行:
[email protected]:~# insmod gpio.ko
---script.bin led get ok,value:1----
[email protected]:~# rmmod gpio
---dirver exit---
[email protected]:~#
可以看到insmod程式的時候,L1燈亮起,而rmmod程式的時候,L1燈滅。
3 進階
3.1 添加應用層代碼
上面的驅動程式,隻是在核心驅動程式層面控制硬體。現在我們需要通過應用層程式來控制底層的硬體。
直接上代碼吧。
gpio.c代碼如下:
#include "linux/init.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
static script_gpio_set_t info;
static unsigned gpio_handler;
static struct class *leds_class;
static struct device *leds_device;
static unsigned int leds_major;
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);
static ssize_t led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off);
static int led_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);
struct file_operations led_operations = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.write = led_write,
.release = led_close,
};
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
int err = 0;
int led_test_enabled = 0;
int ret = 0;
err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led_test_enable", &led_test_enabled,
sizeof(led_test_enabled)/sizeof(int));
if(!err){
printk("---script.bin led get ok,value:%d----\n",led_test_enabled);
}
else
{
printk("---script.bin led get false----\n");
return -1;
}
err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led1",
(int *)&info,
sizeof(script_gpio_set_t));
if (err) {
printk("----script.bin get io error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("led_test_para", "led1");
if (!gpio_handler) {
printk("----script.bin can't requst handler----\r\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
int val;
gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(gpio_handler, 1,
"led1");
copy_from_user(&val,buf,4);
printk("----led val:%d----\r\n",val);
switch(val){
case 0:
gpio_write_one_pin_value(gpio_handler,
0, "led1");
break;
case 1:
gpio_write_one_pin_value(gpio_handler,
1, "led1");
break;
default:
break;
}
return 0;
}
static int led_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk("----led close----\r\n");
return 0;
}
static int __init led_init(void)
{
leds_major = register_chrdev(0, "led_chrdev", &led_operations);
leds_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds_class");
if(!leds_class){
unregister_chrdev(leds_major, "led_chrdev");
printk("----leds_chrdev error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
leds_device = device_create(leds_class, NULL, MKDEV(leds_major,0),
NULL, "leds_device");
if(!leds_device){
class_destroy(leds_class);
unregister_chrdev(leds_major, "led_chrdev");
printk("----leds_device error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
printk("----leds init ok----\r\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
if (gpio_handler)
gpio_release(gpio_handler, 1);
device_destroy(leds_class, MKDEV(leds_major, 0));
class_destroy(leds_class);
unregister_chrdev(leds_major, "led_chrdev");
printk("---driver exit---\r\n");
}
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for empty");
MODULE_AUTHOR("wit_yuan");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
led_test.c代碼如下:
#include "stdio.h"
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd;
int val;
fd = open("/dev/leds_device",O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0){
printf("---open file error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
if(argc != 2){
printf("usage %s on|off\r\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
if(strncmp(argv[1],"on",2) == 0){
val = 1;
write(fd,&val,1);
}
else
{
val = 0;
write(fd,&val,1);
}
return 0;
}
Makefile代碼如下:
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
KERNEL_DIR=/home/wityuan/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/linux-sunxi
PWD=$(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o gpio gpio.c
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
clean:
rm -rf *.ko *.o .tmp_versions *.mod.c modules.order Module.symvers .*.cmd
else
obj-m:=gpio.o
endif
測試:
[email protected]:~# ./led_test on
---script.bin led get ok,value:1----
----led val:1----
---led close----
[email protected]:~# ./led_test off
---script.bin led get ok,value:1----
----led val:0----
----led close----
3.2 多LED燈控制
夜深了,睡覺,待續吧。。。
3.3 使用cdev注冊裝置
3.4 另外一種控制方式:
sys_config.fex下的GPIO内容資訊如下:

GPIO控制表
如果需要控制gpio_pin_2,則:
[email protected]:~# echo 2 > /sys/class/gpio/export
[email protected]:~#
[email protected]:~# ls /sys/class/gpio/
export gpio1_ph9 gpio2_pi15 gpiochip1 unexport
root@marsboard:~# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio2_pi15/direction
[email protected]:~# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio2_pi15/value
[email protected]:~# echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio2_pi15/value
通過這種方式,就可以控制LED燈的亮滅。
4 樹莓派A20的鍵盤複位驅動程式
該複位程式需要做到:複位引腳拉低至少20ms,再等400ms左右将引腳拉為高電平才可行。
4.1 添加配置資訊
在MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.1/tools/sunxi-tools下找到sys_config.fex檔案,然後添加内容:
[gpio_whb_para]
gpio_whb_used = 1
gpio_whb_num = 1
gpio_whb_pin_1 = port:PH6<1><1>
gpio_whb_name_1 = "keypad_reset"
如下圖所示:

添加配置資訊
接着:
$ ./fex2bin sys_config.fex script.bin
在A20上:
$ mount /dev/nanda /mnt
然後将script.bin檔案上傳到A20的/mnt目錄中。
4.2 修改Kconfig和Makefile内容
在linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/目錄下,修改Kconfig和Makefile内容。
先修改Kconfig檔案内容:
config GPOI_SUNXI_WHB
tristate "GPIO Support for sunxi platform (whb add)"
depends on (ARCH_SUN4I || ARCH_SUN5I || ARCH_SUN7I)
help
This option enables support for gpio connected
lines on the Allwinner SOCs (sun4i/sun5i).
The gpios must be defined in [gpio_whb_para] section of sysconfig.fex
然後修改Makefile檔案内容:
obj-$(CONFIG_GPOI_SUNXI_WHB) += gpio_sunxi_whb.o
接着:
$ make menuconfig
可以看到如下圖所示内容:

選中後效果圖
驗證是否已經在核心中是選中狀态,可在linux-sunxi根目錄下檢視.config檔案,如下圖所示:

宏已經選中
4.3 編寫驅動程式
命名驅動程式名稱為:gpio_sunxi_whb.c,最終需要放到目錄:linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/下。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define GPIO_WHB_DEBUG
#ifdef GPIO_WHB_DEBUG
#define gpio_whb_debug(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[GPIO_WHB][BUG][%d]"fmt, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define gpio_whb_debug(fmt, ...)
#endif
#define gpio_whb_error(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[GPIO_WHB][ERR]"fmt"\n", ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DRV_NAME "gpio_whb"
#define GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_GET 0
#define GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_SET 1
struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data {
unsigned gpio_handler;
script_gpio_set_t info;
char pin_name[16];
char gpio_name[64];
};
struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter {
int gpio;
int val;
};
static int gpio_whb_num = 0;
static struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data *psunxi_gpios_whb = NULL;
static struct miscdevice gpio_whb_misc = {0};
static int sunxi_gpio_get_value(unsigned gpio)
{
int ret;
user_gpio_set_t gpio_info[1];
if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)
return -1;
ret = gpio_get_one_pin_status(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler,
gpio_info, psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name, 1);
return gpio_info->data;
}
static void sunxi_gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
int ret ;
if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)
return;
gpio_whb_debug("SET:pin_name:%s, value:%d", psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name, value);
ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler,
value, psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name);
return;
}
static int sunxi_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
int ret;
if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)
return -1;
ret = gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler, 1,
psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name);
if (!ret)
ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler,
value, psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name);
return ret;
}
static int sunxi_gpio_is_valid(unsigned gpio)
{
if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)
return -1;
if (psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler)
return 0;
return -1;
}
static int gpio_whb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i = 0;
//所有IO設定為輸出并置1
for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; ++i) {
gpio_whb_debug("Open: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);
}
return 0;
}
static int gpio_whb_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i = 0;
//所有IO置1(因為鍵盤複位時是低電平,是以關閉時需要置1)
for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; ++i) {
gpio_whb_debug("Close: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);
}
return 0;
}
static long gpio_whb_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter para = {0};
copy_from_user(¶, (void *)arg, sizeof(struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter));
gpio_whb_debug("Cmd: %d, GPIO: %d\n", cmd, para.gpio);
if (sunxi_gpio_is_valid(para.gpio) != 0) {
gpio_whb_error("gpio invalid");
return -1;
}
switch (cmd) {
case GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_GET:
para.val = sunxi_gpio_get_value(para.gpio);
copy_to_user((void *)arg, ¶, sizeof(struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter));
break;
case GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_SET:
sunxi_gpio_set_value(para.gpio, para.val);
break;
default:
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations gpio_whb_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = gpio_whb_open,
.release = gpio_whb_close,
.unlocked_ioctl = gpio_whb_ioctl,
// .read = gpio_whb_read,
// .write = gpio_whb_write,
};
static int __init sunxi_gpio_whb_init(void)
{
int i, err;
int gpio_whb_used = 0;
struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data *gpio_whb_i;
char key[20];
struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;
gpio_whb_debug("gpio_whb driver init\n");
err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", "gpio_whb_used", &gpio_whb_used, sizeof(gpio_whb_used)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_whb_error("sunxi gpio_whb can't find script data '[gpio_whb_para]' 'gpio_whb_used'\n");
return err;
}
if (!gpio_whb_used) {
gpio_whb_error("gpio_whb_used is false. Skip leds initialization\n");
err = 0;
return err;
}
err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", "gpio_whb_num", &gpio_whb_num, sizeof(gpio_whb_num)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_whb_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' 'gpio_whb_num' error\n");
return err;
}
if (!gpio_whb_num) {
gpio_whb_error("gpio_whb_num is none. Skip leds initialization\n");
err = 0;
return err;
}
gpio_whb_debug("gpio_whb_num = %d", gpio_whb_num);
psunxi_gpios_whb = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data) * gpio_whb_num, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!psunxi_gpios_whb) {
gpio_whb_error("%s kzalloc failed\n", __func__);
err = -ENOMEM;
goto exit;
}
gpio_whb_i = psunxi_gpios_whb;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; i++) {
sprintf(gpio_whb_i->pin_name, "gpio_whb_pin_%d", i+1);
sprintf(key, "gpio_whb_name_%d", i + 1);
err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", key,
(int *)gpio_whb_i->gpio_name,
sizeof(gpio_whb_i->gpio_name)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_whb_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s' error\n", key);
goto exit;
}
sprintf(key, "gpio_whb_pin_%d", i + 1);
err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", key,
(int *)&gpio_whb_i->info,
sizeof(script_gpio_set_t));
if (err) {
gpio_whb_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s' error\n", key);
break;
}
gpio_whb_debug("gpio_name:%s, port:%d,port_num:%d\n", gpio_whb_i->info.gpio_name, gpio_whb_i->info.port, gpio_whb_i->info.port_num);
gpio_whb_i->gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("gpio_whb_para", key);
if (!gpio_whb_i->gpio_handler) {
gpio_whb_error("can't request '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s', already used ?", key);
break;
}
gpio_whb_i++;
}
misc = &gpio_whb_misc;
misc->minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR;
misc->name = DRV_NAME;
misc->fops = &gpio_whb_fops;
err = misc_register(misc);
if (err) {
gpio_whb_error("Unable to register a misc device\n");
goto exit;
}
gpio_whb_debug("Register a misc device Ok\n");
return 0;
exit:
if (err != -ENOMEM) {
for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; i++) {
if (psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler)
gpio_release(psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler, 1);
}
kfree(psunxi_gpios_whb);
return err;
}
return err;
}
static void __exit sunxi_gpio_whb_exit(void)
{
int i = 0;
struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;
misc = &gpio_whb_misc;
misc_deregister(misc);
for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; i++) {
if (psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler)
gpio_release(psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler, 1);
}
kfree(psunxi_gpios_whb);
return;
}
module_init(sunxi_gpio_whb_init);
module_exit(sunxi_gpio_whb_exit);
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:gpio_whb-sunxi");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("sunxi gpio(whb) driver");
MODULE_AUTHOR("wang hb ");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
4.4 驗證驅動加載是否成功
在樹莓派A20下,使用如下指令:
[email protected]:~# ll /dev/gpio_whb
crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 Jan 1 00:46 /dev/gpio_whb
[email protected]:~#
這說明驅動确實加載進去了。
5 SPI使用GPIO切換選擇
将代碼命名為spi-gpio.c,如果在編入核心,可以存放在如上所示,也就是linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/spi-gpio.c,如下所示:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define GPIO_DEBUG
#ifdef GPIO_DEBUG
#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][BUG][%d]"fmt, __FILE__,__LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...)
#endif
#define gpio_error(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][ERR]"fmt"\n", __FILE__,##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DRV_NAME "A20_GPIO"
#define GPIO_IOCTL_GET 0
#define GPIO_IOCTL_SET 1
struct sunxi_gpio_data {
unsigned gpio_handler;
script_gpio_set_t info;
char pin_name[16];
char gpio_name[64];
};
struct gpio_ioctl_parameter {
int gpio;
int val;
};
static int gpio_num = 0;
static struct sunxi_gpio_data *psunxi_gpio = NULL;
static struct miscdevice gpio_misc = {0};
static void sunxi_gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
int ret ;
if (gpio >= gpio_num)
return;
gpio_debug("SET:pin_name:%s, value:%d", psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name, value);
ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler,
value, psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);
return;
}
static int sunxi_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
int ret;
if (gpio >= gpio_num)
return -1;
ret = gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler, 1,
psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);
if (!ret)
ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler,
value, psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);
return ret;
}
static int gpio_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {
gpio_debug("Open: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t gpio_write (struct file *filep, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
unsigned char value;
int ret;
if(len != 1){
printk("---len error-------\r\n");
return -1;
}
ret = copy_from_user(&value,buf,len);
switch(value){
case 0:
sunxi_direction_output(0,0);
sunxi_direction_output(1,0);
sunxi_direction_output(2,0);
break;
case 1:
sunxi_direction_output(0,1);
sunxi_direction_output(1,0);
sunxi_direction_output(2,0);
break;
case 2:
sunxi_direction_output(0,0);
sunxi_direction_output(1,1);
sunxi_direction_output(2,0);
break;
case 3:
sunxi_direction_output(0,1);
sunxi_direction_output(1,1);
sunxi_direction_output(2,0);
break;
case 4:
sunxi_direction_output(0,0);
sunxi_direction_output(1,0);
sunxi_direction_output(2,1);
break;
case 5:
sunxi_direction_output(0,1);
sunxi_direction_output(1,0);
sunxi_direction_output(2,1);
break;
case 6:
sunxi_direction_output(0,0);
sunxi_direction_output(1,1);
sunxi_direction_output(2,1);
break;
case 7:
sunxi_direction_output(0,1);
sunxi_direction_output(1,1);
sunxi_direction_output(2,1);
break;
default:
printk("%s,value error\r\n",__FILE__);
break;
}
return len;
}
static int gpio_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {
gpio_debug("Close: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);
}
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations A20_gpio_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = gpio_open,
.release = gpio_close,
.write = gpio_write,
};
static int __init sunxi_gpio_init(void)
{
int i, err;
int gpio_used = 0;
struct sunxi_gpio_data *gpio_i;
struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;
gpio_debug("gpio driver init\n");
err = script_parser_fetch("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", "gpio_used", &gpio_used, sizeof(gpio_used)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_error("sunxi gpio can't find script data '[gpio_para]' 'gpio_used'\n");
return err;
}
if (!gpio_used) {
gpio_error("gpio_used is false. Skip leds initialization\n");
err = 0;
return err;
}
err = script_parser_fetch("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", "gpio_num", &gpio_num, sizeof(gpio_num)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' 'gpio_whb_num' error\n");
return err;
}
if (3!=gpio_num) {
gpio_error("gpio_num is not 3. Skip gpio initialization\n");
err = 0;
return err;
}
gpio_debug("gpio_num = %d", gpio_num);
psunxi_gpio = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sunxi_gpio_data) * gpio_num, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!psunxi_gpio) {
gpio_error("%s kzalloc failed\n", __func__);
err = -ENOMEM;
goto exit;
}
gpio_i = psunxi_gpio;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {
sprintf(gpio_i->pin_name, "A20_GPIO%d", i+1);
err = script_parser_fetch("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", gpio_i->pin_name,
(int *)gpio_i->gpio_name,
sizeof(gpio_i->gpio_name)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[A20_SPI_GPIO_para]' '%s' error\n", gpio_i->pin_name);
goto exit;
}
gpio_debug("gpio_name:%s, port:%d,port_num:%d\n", gpio_i->info.gpio_name, gpio_i->info.port, gpio_i->info.port_num);
gpio_i->gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", gpio_i->pin_name);
if (!gpio_i->gpio_handler) {
gpio_error("can't request '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s', already used", gpio_i->pin_name);
break;
}
gpio_i++;
}
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);
}
misc = &gpio_misc;
misc->minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR;
misc->name = DRV_NAME;
misc->fops = &A20_gpio_fops;
err = misc_register(misc);
if (err) {
gpio_error("Unable to register a misc device\n");
goto exit;
}
gpio_debug("Register a misc device Ok\n");
return 0;
exit:
if (err != -ENOMEM) {
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {
if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)
gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);
}
kfree(psunxi_gpio);
return err;
}
return err;
}
static void __exit sunxi_gpio_exit(void)
{
int i = 0;
struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;
misc = &gpio_misc;
misc_deregister(misc);
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {
if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)
gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);
}
kfree(psunxi_gpio);
return;
}
module_init(sunxi_gpio_init);
module_exit(sunxi_gpio_exit);
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:spi_fpga_dsp_gpio_wityuan-sunxi");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("sunxi spi_fpga_gpio(wityuan) driver");
MODULE_AUTHOR("wityuan ");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile檔案為:
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
KERNEL_DIR=/home/wityuan/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/linux-sunxi
PWD=$(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o spi-gpio spi-gpio.c
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
clean:
rm -rf *.ko *.o .tmp_versions *.mod.c modules.order Module.symvers .*.cmd
else
obj-m:=spi-gpio.o
endif
測試程式命名為spi-gpio_test.c,内容如下:
#include "stdio.h"
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd;
int val;
unsigned char write_val;
fd = open("/dev/A20_GPIO",O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0){
printf("---open file error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
if(argc != 2){
printf("usage %s (0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|)\r\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
write_val = (unsigned char)atoi(argv[1]);
if((write_val>7) | (write_val<0)){
printf("---value is valid---\r\n");
return -1;
}
write(fd,&write_val,1);
while(1);
return 0;
}
即可通過如下方式進行測試:
$ ./spi-gpio_test 0
$ ./spi-gpio_test 1
$ ./spi-gpio_test 2
$ ./spi-gpio_test 3
$ ./spi-gpio_test 4
$ ./spi-gpio_test 5
$ ./spi-gpio_test 6
$ ./spi-gpio_test 7
最終,我們往核心添加時,要将spi-gpio.c放到linux-sunxi/drivers/misc下。
并且在Kconfig和Makefile中添加内容:
Kconfig:
config SPI_GPIO_YUAN
tristate "(wit_yuan add)SPI GPIO SELECT Support for sunxi platform"
depends on (ARCH_SUN4I || ARCH_SUN5I || ARCH_SUN7I)
help
This option enables support for gpio connected
lines on the Allwinner SOCs (sun4i/sun5i).
The gpios must be defined in [A20_SPI_GPIO_para] section of sysconfig.fex
Makefile:
obj-$(CONFIG_SPI_GPIO_YUAN) += spi-gpio.o
sys_config.fex配置為:
[A20_SPI_GPIO_para]
gpio_used = 1
gpio_num = 3
A20_GPIO1 = port:PH0<1><1>
A20_GPIO2 = port:PH1<1><1>
A20_GPIO3 = port:PH1<1><1>
最終,查找是否有裝置:
$ ls /dev/A20_GPIO
6 AD,RCA,MIC等使用IO脈沖切換

AD引腳配置
[AD_Switch_para]
AD_Switch_used = 1
gpio_num = 2
sw1 = port:PH0<1><1>
sw2 = port:PH1<1><1>
接着,在linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/目錄下,修改Kconfig和Makefile内容。
先修改Kconfig檔案内容:
config A20_sw
tristate "A20_sw for sunxi platform (wityuan add)"
depends on (ARCH_SUN4I || ARCH_SUN5I || ARCH_SUN7I)
help
This option enables support for gpio connected
lines on the Allwinner SOCs (sun4i/sun5i).
The gpios must be defined in section of sysconfig.fex
然後修改Makefile檔案内容:
obj-$(CONFIG_A20_sw) += A20_sw.o
接着:
$ make menuconfig
找到該選項并且選中:

選中A20_sw
最後,我們需要将驅動程式,名稱為:gpio_sunxi_whb.c,放到目錄:linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/下。
源碼如下:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define GPIO_DEBUG
#ifdef GPIO_DEBUG
#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][BUG][%d]"fmt, __FILE__,__LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...)
#endif
#define gpio_error(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][ERR]"fmt"\n", __FILE__,##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DRV_NAME "A20_SW"
struct sunxi_gpio_data {
unsigned gpio_handler;
script_gpio_set_t info;
char pin_name[16];
char gpio_name[64];
};
typedef struct{
int id;
int value;
}SW_T;
static int gpio_num = 0;
static struct sunxi_gpio_data *psunxi_gpio = NULL;
static struct miscdevice gpio_misc = {0};
static void sunxi_gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
int ret ;
if (gpio >= gpio_num)
return;
gpio_debug("SET:pin_name:%s, value:%d", psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name, value);
ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler,
value, psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);
return;
}
static int gpio_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {
gpio_debug("Open: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 0);
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t gpio_write (struct file *filep, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
SW_T sw_t;
int ret;
if(len != (sizeof(sw_t))){
printk("---len error-------\r\n");
return -1;
}
ret = copy_from_user(&sw_t,buf,len);
printk("---sw_t.id:%d, sw_t.value:%d-------\r\n",sw_t.id,sw_t.value);
if(sw_t.id == 0){
sunxi_gpio_set_value(0, sw_t.value);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(1, 0);
}
else {
sunxi_gpio_set_value(0, 0);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(1, sw_t.value);
}
return len;
}
static int gpio_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {
gpio_debug("Close: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 0);
}
#endif
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations A20_gpio_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = gpio_open,
.release = gpio_close,
.write = gpio_write,
};
static int __init sunxi_gpio_init(void)
{
int i, err;
int gpio_used = 0;
struct sunxi_gpio_data *gpio_i;
struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;
gpio_debug("gpio driver init\n");
err = script_parser_fetch("AD_Switch_para", "AD_Switch_used", &gpio_used, sizeof(gpio_used)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_error("sunxi gpio can't find script data '[gpio_para]' 'gpio_used'\n");
return err;
}
if (!gpio_used) {
gpio_error("gpio_used is false. Skip leds initialization\n");
err = 0;
return err;
}
err = script_parser_fetch("AD_Switch_para", "gpio_num", &gpio_num, sizeof(gpio_num)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[AD_Switch_para]' error\n");
return err;
}
if (2!=gpio_num) {
gpio_error("gpio_num is not 2. Skip gpio initialization\n");
err = 0;
return err;
}
gpio_debug("gpio_num = %d", gpio_num);
psunxi_gpio = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sunxi_gpio_data) * gpio_num, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!psunxi_gpio) {
gpio_error("%s kzalloc failed\n", __func__);
err = -ENOMEM;
goto exit;
}
gpio_i = psunxi_gpio;
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {
sprintf(gpio_i->pin_name, "sw%d", i+1);
err = script_parser_fetch("AD_Switch_para", gpio_i->pin_name,
(int *)gpio_i->gpio_name,
sizeof(gpio_i->gpio_name)/sizeof(int));
if (err) {
gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[AD_Switch_para]' '%s' error\n", gpio_i->pin_name);
goto exit;
}
gpio_debug("gpio_name:%s, port:%d,port_num:%d\n", gpio_i->info.gpio_name, gpio_i->info.port, gpio_i->info.port_num);
gpio_i->gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("AD_Switch_para", gpio_i->pin_name);
if (!gpio_i->gpio_handler) {
gpio_error("can't request '[AD_Switch_para]' '%s', already used", gpio_i->pin_name);
break;
}
gpio_i++;
}
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {
sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 0);
}
misc = &gpio_misc;
misc->minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR;
misc->name = DRV_NAME;
misc->fops = &A20_gpio_fops;
err = misc_register(misc);
if (err) {
gpio_error("Unable to register a misc device\n");
goto exit;
}
gpio_debug("Register a misc device Ok\n");
return 0;
exit:
if (err != -ENOMEM) {
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {
if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)
gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);
}
kfree(psunxi_gpio);
return err;
}
return err;
}
static void __exit sunxi_gpio_exit(void)
{
int i = 0;
struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;
misc = &gpio_misc;
misc_deregister(misc);
for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {
if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)
gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);
}
kfree(psunxi_gpio);
return;
}
module_init(sunxi_gpio_init);
module_exit(sunxi_gpio_exit);
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:sw0,sw1 select");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("sw0,sw1(wityuan) driver");
MODULE_AUTHOR("wityuan ");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
測試程式sw_test.c為:
#include "stdio.h"
#include
#include
#include
typedef struct{
int id;
int value;
}SW_T;
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd;
int val;
SW_T sw_t;
fd = open("/dev/A20_SW",O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0){
printf("---open file error----\r\n");
return -1;
}
if(argc != 2){
printf("usage %s on|off\r\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
val = atoi(argv[1]);
sw_t.id = val;
sw_t.value = 1;
write(fd,&sw_t,sizeof(SW_T));
//sleep(1);
usleep(200000);
sw_t.id = val;
sw_t.value = 0;
write(fd,&sw_t,sizeof(SW_T));
usleep(200000);
while(1);
return 0;
}
7 參考檔案
1.\marsboard\marsboard-a20-linux-sdk-v1.2\linux-sunxi\drivers\leds\leds-sunxi.c
2.\marsboard\marsboard-a20-linux-sdk-v1.2\linux-sunxi\gpio\gpio-sunxi.c