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http協定簡析及C++實作HTTP請求http協定簡析及C++實作HTTP請求

杞?杞借??锛?https://blog.csdn.net/liubailiuestc/article/details/79828896

http??璁?绠?????C++瀹???TTP璇鋒?

liubailiuestc 2018-04-07 21:12:39

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?惰?? 22

??绫諱???锛? 缃?缁?缂?绋? ??绔???绛撅? HTTP璇鋒? 璇鋒??ユ?? TCP?℃?? C HTTP璇鋒?

????

缃?缁?缂?绋? 涓????跺?璇ュ??瀹?

1 绡???绔? 0 璁㈤??

璁㈤??涓???

http??瓒?????浼?杈???璁?锛????舵????璁?(涓????規?℃??娉??鎬?璇???)锛???杩??ュ??璁?锛?宸ヤ??ㄥ??ㄥ?锛??ㄤ?瀹???浠?涓?缁寸????″?ㄤ?杈?瓒??????版???版?瑙??ㄧ??浼?杈???璁?锛?瀹???浜???妗ｇ??蹇???浼?杈?锛?杩??界‘瀹?浼?杈???妗ｇ????涓??ㄥ??锛?浠ュ???у?跺??涓??ㄥ????瀹歸????劇ず??

?翠釜http杩?绋??辮?鋒?????搴?????锛?a??甯告?胯澆涓?TCP??璁?涓???

HTTP瀹??存?绋????????ㄥ??锛?

1.瀹㈡?鋒?轟????″?ㄥ緩绔?杩??ワ?2.瀹㈡?鋒?哄????璇鋒?缁????″???3.???″?ㄦ?ユ?跺?闆?㈡?風????璇鋒?锛????哄??搴?锛?4.瀹㈡?風???跺?拌?鋒?骞跺?????

http璇鋒??變??ㄥ??缁???锛?璇鋒?琛?锛?棣????璇鋒?姝ｆ????

璇鋒??ユ???煎?涓猴?璇鋒?琛?+棣???绌鴻?+瀹?浣?缁???

??搴??ユ???煎?涓猴??舵??琛?+棣???绌鴻?+瀹?浣?缁???

<1>璇鋒?琛?浠ユ?規?寮?澶達?浠ョ┖?煎??寮?锛?绱ч???跺??????璺?寰???????(????http璇鋒???绉?绫夥?璇鋒?璧?婧???璺?寰?锛???璁?????????锛?

?煎?涓猴?Method Request-URL HTTP-Version CLRF

Method涓鴻?鋒??規?(get锛?post绛?)锛?Request-URL??缁?涓???璧?婧???璇?绗??HTTP-Version涓?TTP??璁???????锛?CRLF涓哄??杞????㈣?(??杞????㈣????藉?虹?闆?ㄧ?灏撅?涓??藉???朵??版?瑰?虹????

璇鋒??規???:

????GET璇鋒????″?ㄧ????妗ｏ?POST?????″?ㄥ????淇℃??锛?

????PUT浠????″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?風????????妗ｏ?DELETE涓哄????eb缃?椤碉?

????TRACE涓烘???拌揪??璇鋒?????锛?HEAD涓鴻?鋒??充???妗ｇ??淇℃??锛?浣?涓?????妗ｆ??韬?锛?OPTIONS璇㈤???充????ㄧ????椤癸?

<2>璇鋒?棣??ㄤ負http??澶撮?ㄤ俊??锛?姣?涓?涓???r\n???詫?

甯哥?ㄧ??棣??ㄦ??锛?

-----Connection:??璁稿?㈡?風???????″?ㄦ??瀹?涓?璇鋒?/??搴?杩??ユ???崇????椤??胯??ワ???杩??ョ??)

-----Data:??渚??ユ?????堕?存??蹇?

-----MIME-Version:缁??轟?????绔?浣跨?ㄧ??MIME????

-----Client-IP:??杩闆?㈡?風???哄?ㄧ??IP

-----From:??渚?浜?瀹㈡?風???ㄦ?風??E-mail?闆??

-----Host:缁??鴻?鋒???涓繪?哄????绔??ｅ??

-----Referer:??渚?浜?????褰???璇鋒???URL????妗ｇ??URL

-----cookie:?????″?ㄤ???涓?涓?浠ょ??

<3>璇鋒?姝ｆ??涓哄????缁????″?ㄧ???ヨ??俊??(浣跨??et?訛?body??绌虹??锛?get???借?誨??锛???post??浠ュ???ヤ俊??);

"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:www.dytt8.net\r\nConnection:Close\r\n\r\n"---璇鋒?琛?\r\n璇鋒?棣???\r\n璇鋒?棣???\r\n\r\n?ユ??瀹?浣???瀹?

??搴??ユ??

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Location: http://www.dytt8.net/index.htm

Last-Modified: Sat, 07 Apr 2018 02:27:11 GMT

Accept-Ranges: bytes

ETag: "8029cfee17ced31:30d"

Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0

Date: Sat, 07 Apr 2018 06:18:47 GMT

X-Via: 1.1 localhost.localdomain (random:320992 Fikker/Webcache/3.7.5)

Content-Length: 70109

Connection: close

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" " http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns=" http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=gb2312">

<title>?靛獎澶╁??_??璐圭?靛獎_杩??風?靛獎涓?杞?lt;/title>

<META content="??璐圭?靛獎涓?杞??靛獎涓?杞????扮?靛獎" name=keywords>

<META content="??濂界??杩??風?靛獎涓?杞界?锛???浜????扮?靛獎锛?楂?娓??靛獎??缁艱?恒???ㄦ極???佃??х??涓?杞斤?" name=description>

??搴??ユ??涔?????璇鋒?琛?锛?璇鋒?棣????绌鴻?锛?瀹?浣?

璇鋒?琛??煎?涓猴?http????+?舵????+??璇?+\r\n? ??璇?涓??舵?????稿?瑰?

璇鋒?棣??ㄦ?煎?涓猴?涓?绯誨??棣??ㄥ??绉???r\n??缁???

璇鋒?瀹?浣?涓????＄????姝ｈ?????淇℃??

?舵??缂???涓猴?

100-199??瀹?瀹㈡?風????搴???涓?浜??ㄤ?锛?璇鋒?宸茶????℃?ユ??200-299琛ㄧず璇鋒?琚??ュ??锛?澶????????

300-399琛ㄧず宸茬?绉誨?ㄧ????浠訛???瀹???锛???杩?涓?姝ュ???

400-499??瀹?瀹㈡?風??????璇?锛???璇?娉???璇???娉?瀹???500-599??瀹????＄??????璇?锛????″?ㄦ???藉???闆??娉???璇鋒?

HTTP1.1涔???浣跨?ㄤ??胯??ワ??胯??ヤ嬌?版??浼?杈?瀹?????缁х畫淇???TCP杩??ヤ??存??锛?绛?寰??稿??????缁х畫浣跨?ㄨ?涓?????杩?琛??版??浼?杈?锛?HTTP1.0浣跨?ㄩ???onnection:Keep-alive杩?琛??胯??ョ??璇?楠?锛?HTTP1.1涔???浣跨??onnection:Close?ュ??璇????＄??涓?浣跨?ㄩ?胯??ャ??浣???浣跨?ㄤ?Connection:Keep-alive杩?涓?棣??ㄥ苟涓?浠ｈ〃???ㄩ?胯??ワ?

?ㄧ??杩??ヤ腑锛?姣?涓?涓?璇鋒?/??搴??介??瑕?寤虹??涓?娆?CP杩???涓?娆℃?℃??)锛?

?胯??ユā寮?涓?锛??ゆ???版???ユ?跺???????規??? --1--???″?ㄥ?抽??杩??ワ?--2--棣???ontent-Length?ゆ???????杈?瀹?姣?锛???瀹?浜?瀹?浣?姝ｆ?????垮害??

cookie锛???杩??ㄥ?㈡?風??璁闆?淇℃??纭?瀹??ㄦ?瘋韓浠斤???瀹㈡?風??淇?瀛??ㄦ?蜂俊????涓?浜??哄?訛??ㄤ?璁闆??ㄦ?蜂俊??锛?姣?娆?TTP璇鋒?锛??戒???????搴???cookie?版???＄??锛????″?ㄥ??浠?缃?缁?璇鋒???娉?纭?瀹??ㄦ?瘋韓浠斤?瀹㈡?風??璇鋒????″???濡??????″?ㄩ??瑕?璁闆??ㄦ?風???舵??锛?灏遍??杩?response??瀹㈡?風??娴?瑙??ㄩ???cookie锛?娴?瑙??ㄥ??朵?瀛?璧鋒?ワ???娆¤?塊???朵??哄甫cookie淇℃??锛????″?ㄥ氨?介??杩?璇ヤ俊??杈ㄨ??瀹㈡?風??锛?杩?涓?姝ュ??浠ヤ慨??ookie????瀹廣??

session:??杩????＄????璁闆?纭?瀹??ㄦ?瘋韓浠斤????ㄦ???＄??淇?瀛??版?版??缁???锛??ㄦ?ヨ拷韪??ㄦ?風???舵????cookie????杩???琛?璇??ユ??ュ?㈡?瘋韓浠斤?session????杩?妫??ユ???″?ㄧ????瀹㈡?鋒??缁?琛ㄦ?ョ‘瀹?瀹㈡?瘋韓浠斤?浠???瀹㈡?風??涓?娆¤?鋒??跺??寤虹????涓????ㄦ?瑙?瀹???涓?瀹??堕?村??琚????″?ㄩ??姣???

TCP杩??ョ??涓?娆℃?℃??锛?

绗?涓?娆℃?℃??锛?寤虹??杩??ユ?跺?㈡?風??????syn锛???姝ュ???缂??鳳????版???″???杩???yn_send?舵??锛?绛?寰????″?ㄧ??纭?璁わ?

绗?浜?娆℃?℃??锛????″?ㄦ?跺??yn??锛?纭?璁ゅ?㈡?風??syn??(??杩?????ack???瑰?锛?ack=syn+1)锛?骞惰??宸卞????涓?涓?syn???闆?㈡?風??锛????″?ㄨ???yn_recv?舵??锛?

绗?涓?娆℃?℃??锛?瀹㈡?風???跺?版???″?ㄧ??syn+ack??锛???宸卞?????＄??????纭?璁?ck??锛?ack=syn+1锛?????瀹?姣?杩???STABLISH?舵??锛????＄???跺?扮‘璁ゅ??涔?杩??ュ??STABLISH?舵??锛?瀹???涓?娆℃?℃??锛?瀹㈡?風??寮?濮??????版???版???＄??锛?

???ㄤ?娆℃?℃????涓轟??垮??宸插け????杩??ヨ?鋒?琚????＄???跺?幫????＄??璇?浠ヤ負?拌??ュ?版?ワ?????纭?璁?ck??syn?闆?㈡?風??锛?杩???瀹㈡?風???跺?闆氨??浠ヤ?浣??哄??搴?锛?涔?灏辨病???扮??杩??ュ緩绔???

TCP??寮?????娆℃?℃??锛?

绗?涓?娆℃?℃??锛?涓誨?ㄥ?抽????涓?????瀵規??????FIN娑????ユ??锛??寵??抽??杩??ワ?

绗?浜?娆℃?℃??锛?瀵規???跺?拌?涓?FIN??蹇???????涓繪??????纭?璁ゅ???CK(涓轟??垮??瀵規?瑰?娆″????FIN娑???)锛??跺?????ヨ??宸卞?規?矽??抽??杩??ワ?

绗?涓?娆℃?℃??锛?涓繪??澶???瀹???锛???A????FIN娑???锛?琛ㄧず??宸變??挎???抽??杩?涓?杩??ワ?

绗???娆℃?℃??锛?涓繪???跺??IN?ユ??锛???B????涓?涓?ACK纭?璁ゆ???锛?骞惰???IME_WITE?舵??锛??堕?存弧????宸卞?抽??锛?

A??瑕??ㄥ??????绛?寰?2MSL???堕?達?涓??歸?㈡??涓轟?????宸卞??????ACK B?朵??幫?B浼???娆″????FIN+ACK锛?杩??峰????????抽??????涓??村?ㄥ??杩?涓?涓?瑗匡?????歸?㈤?垮??宸茬?澶辨????杩??ヨ?鋒???娆″?虹?幫?缁?杩?2MSL???堕?達???浠ヨ??宸辨?堕?村??浜х?????ユ???藉?娑?澶便??

C++????HTTP璇鋒?锛?

1.??濮???濂??ュ??锛?

  1. ????????WSADATA wsaData;

  2. if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) == 0)

  3. return true;

  4. else{

  5. cout << "??濮???濂??ュ??澶辮觸" << endl;

  6. return false;

  7. }

2.????璇鋒?锛?

  1. ????????//step2:??杩?????瑙ｆ??涓繪?轟俊??

  2. //????涓繪?哄??锛?????锛??闆??绫誨??锛??闆???垮害???闆????琛?/code>

  3. struct hostent *hp = gethostbyname(host.c_str());//杩?????缁???璁闆?浜?涓繪?虹??淇℃??

  4. if (hp == NULL){

  5. cout << "????"<<host<<"瑙ｆ??涓?????锛????芥??缃?????璇?" << endl;

  6. return false;

  7. }

  8. //step3:??濮???socket

  9. //??瀹?浜???璁???(ipv4??16浣?绔???锛?socket绫誨??(?㈠??杩???锛???璁?(TCP浼?杈?)

  10. SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

  11. if (sock == -1 || sock == -2){

  12. cout << "濂??ュ????寤轟?????" << endl;

  13. return false;

  14. }

  15. //step4:涓?socket寤虹??杩???/code>

  16. SOCKADDR_IN sa;

  17. sa.sin_family = AF_INET;

  18. sa.sin_port = htons(80);

  19. memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, 4);

  20. //寤虹??杩???/code>

  21. if (0 != connect(sock, (SOCKADDR*)&sa, sizeof(sa))){

  22. cout << "杩??ュけ璐? << endl;

  23. return false;

  24. }

  25. int timeout = 60000; //3s

  26. int m = setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));

  27. int n = setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));

  28. //step5:??socket????璇鋒?

  29. //??澶?http璇鋒?

  30. string request = "GET " + resource + " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:" + host + "\r\nConnection:Close\r\n\r\n";

  31. //璇鋒??版??

  32. if (SOCKET_ERROR == send(sock, request.c_str(), request.size(), 0)){

  33. cout << "璇鋒?????澶辮觸" << endl;

  34. closesocket(sock);//??瑕??抽??濂??ュ??

  35. return false;

  36. }

  37. cout <<"璁塊?? "<<host+resource<<" ????" << endl;

  38. //step6:?ユ??ocket??璇鋒?

  39. //?ユ?舵?版??

  40. int len = MAX_LEN;

  41. char*buff = new char[len];

  42. memset(buff, 0, len);

  43. int bytesRead = 0;//宸茬?璇誨?扮???垮害

  44. int ret = 1;

  45. while (ret>0){

  46. //??娆¤?誨???扮???垮害锛?瀛??ㄤ?缃?涓轟?娆¤?誨??缁?????浣?缃?锛??垮害涓烘?婚?垮害???諱?娆＄???垮害

  47. ret = recv(sock, buff + bytesRead, len - bytesRead, 0);

  48. if (ret > 0){//??娆¤?誨?頒??版??

  49. bytesRead += ret;

  50. }

  51. if (len - bytesRead < 100){//?垮害涓??芥弧瓒充?锛???瑕????闆????

  52. len = len * 2;

  53. char*newbuff = new char[len];

  54. memset(newbuff, 0, len);

  55. memcpy(newbuff, buff, len / 2);

  56. delete[] buff;

  57. buff = newbuff;

  58. }

  59. cout << "*";

  60. }

  61. buff[bytesRead] = '\0';//娣誨??缁?????蹇?

  62. res = buff;

  63. readSize = bytesRead;

  64. //step7锛??抽??socket

  65. closesocket(sock);

  66. cout << endl;

  67. cout << "?峰?? " << host + resource << " ?版??????" << endl;

  68. return true;
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