有兩個網頁要重點參考,分别是:
網頁一:http://www.culatools.com/features/lapack/
網頁二:http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug/node1.html
解超定線性方程組的其中一個函數如下:
SUBROUTINE DGELSD( M, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, S, RCOND, RANK,
$ WORK, LWORK, IWORK, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK driver routine (version 3.2.2) --
* -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
* June 2010
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDB, LWORK, M, N, NRHS, RANK
DOUBLE PRECISION RCOND
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
INTEGER IWORK( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), S( * ), WORK( * )
* ..
*
* Purpose
* =======
*
* DGELSD computes the minimum-norm solution to a real linear least
* squares problem:
* minimize 2-norm(| b - A*x |)
* using the singular value decomposition (SVD) of A. A is an M-by-N
* matrix which may be rank-deficient.
*
* Several right hand side vectors b and solution vectors x can be
* handled in a single call; they are stored as the columns of the
* M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B and the N-by-NRHS solution
* matrix X.
*
* The problem is solved in three steps:
* (1) Reduce the coefficient matrix A to bidiagonal form with
* Householder transformations, reducing the original problem
* into a "bidiagonal least squares problem" (BLS)
* (2) Solve the BLS using a divide and conquer approach.
* (3) Apply back all the Householder tranformations to solve
* the original least squares problem.
*
* The effective rank of A is determined by treating as zero those
* singular values which are less than RCOND times the largest singular
* value.
*
* The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about
* floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard
* digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard
* digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or
* Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines
* without guard digits, but we know of none.
*
* Arguments
* =========
*
* M (input) INTEGER
* The number of rows of A. M >= 0.
*
* N (input) INTEGER
* The number of columns of A. N >= 0.
*
* NRHS (input) INTEGER
* The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
* of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0.
*
* A (input) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA,N)
* On entry, the M-by-N matrix A.
* On exit, A has been destroyed.
*
* LDA (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
*
* B (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
* On entry, the M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.
* On exit, B is overwritten by the N-by-NRHS solution
* matrix X. If m >= n and RANK = n, the residual
* sum-of-squares for the solution in the i-th column is given
* by the sum of squares of elements n+1:m in that column.
*
* LDB (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,max(M,N)).
*
* S (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (min(M,N))
* The singular values of A in decreasing order.
* The condition number of A in the 2-norm = S(1)/S(min(m,n)).
*
* RCOND (input) DOUBLE PRECISION
* RCOND is used to determine the effective rank of A.
* Singular values S(i) <= RCOND*S(1) are treated as zero.
* If RCOND < 0, machine precision is used instead.
*
* RANK (output) INTEGER
* The effective rank of A, i.e., the number of singular values
* which are greater than RCOND*S(1).
*
* WORK (workspace/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
* On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
*
* LWORK (input) INTEGER
* The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK must be at least 1.
* The exact minimum amount of workspace needed depends on M,
* N and NRHS. As long as LWORK is at least
* 12*N + 2*N*SMLSIZ + 8*N*NLVL + N*NRHS + (SMLSIZ+1)**2,
* if M is greater than or equal to N or
* 12*M + 2*M*SMLSIZ + 8*M*NLVL + M*NRHS + (SMLSIZ+1)**2,
* if M is less than N, the code will execute correctly.
* SMLSIZ is returned by ILAENV and is equal to the maximum
* size of the subproblems at the bottom of the computation
* tree (usually about 25), and
* NLVL = MAX( 0, INT( LOG_2( MIN( M,N )/(SMLSIZ+1) ) ) + 1 )
* For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger.
*
* If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
* only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
* this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
* message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
*
* IWORK (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))
* LIWORK >= max(1, 3 * MINMN * NLVL + 11 * MINMN),
* where MINMN = MIN( M,N ).
* On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the minimum LIWORK.
*
* INFO (output) INTEGER
* = 0: successful exit
* < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
* > 0: the algorithm for computing the SVD failed to converge;
* if INFO = i, i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate
* bidiagonal form did not converge to zero.