一,建表
create table dept(
deptno number(10) primary key,
dname varchar2(30),
loc varchar2(30)
);
create table emp(
empno number(10) primary key,
ename varchar2(30),
job varchar2(30),
mgr varchar2(30),
hiredate number(10),
sal number(10),
comm number(10),
deptno number(10),
foreign key(deptno) references dept(deptno)
);
insert into dept values(1, '技術部' ,'南泥灣');
insert into dept values(2, 'SALES' ,'深圳市');
insert into dept values(3, '事業部' ,'北京市');
insert into dept values(4, '服務部' ,'延安');
insert into dept values(5, '生産部' ,'南京市');
insert into dept values(6, '宣傳部' ,'上海市');
insert into dept values(7, '打雜部' ,'廣州市');
insert into dept values(8, '司令部' ,'重慶市');
insert into dept values(9, '衛生部' ,'長沙市');
insert into dept values(10, '文化部' ,'武岡市');
insert into dept values(11, '娛樂部' ,'紐約');
insert into dept values(12, '管理部' ,'倫敦');
insert into dept values(13, '行政部' ,'天津市');
insert into emp values(1, '關羽羽', 'CLERK' ,'劉備備', 20011109, 2000, 1000, 3);
insert into emp values(2, 'SMITH', 'CLERK' ,'劉備備', 20120101, 2000, 800, 6);
insert into emp values(3, '劉備備', 'MANAGER' ,'宋祖英', 20080808, 9000, 4000, 3);
insert into emp values(4, 'TOM', 'ENGINEER' ,'Steve', 20050612, 3000, 1000, 1);
insert into emp values(5, 'Steve', 'MANAGER' ,'宋祖英', 20110323, 80000, 9000, 1);
insert into emp values(6, '張飛飛', 'CLERK' ,'劉備備', 20101010, 2000, 1000, 3);
insert into emp values(7, 'SCOTT', 'CLERK' ,'劉備備', 20071204, 2000, 1000, 3);
insert into emp values(8, '宋祖英', 'Boss' ,'無', 20060603, 2000, 1000, 8);
insert into emp values(9, '曹仁人', 'SALESMAN' ,'曹操操', 20120130, 2000, 1000, 2);
insert into emp values(10, '曹操操', 'MANAGER' ,'宋祖英',20090815, 2000, 1000, 2);
insert into emp values(11, '醬油哥', 'HAPI' ,'毛澤東',20090215, 3, 1, 2);
二,示例
-- 聲明遊标;CURSOR cursor_name IS select_statement
--For 循環遊标
--(1)定義遊标
--(2)定義遊标變量
--(3)使用for循環來使用這個遊标
declare
--類型定義
cursor c_job
is
select empno,ename,job,sal
from emp
where job='MANAGER';
--定義一個遊标變量v_cinfo c_emp%ROWTYPE ,該類型為遊标c_emp中的一行資料類型
c_row c_job%rowtype;
begin
for c_row in c_job loop
dbms_output.put_line(c_row.empno||'-'||c_row.ename||'-'||c_row.job||'-'||c_row.sal);
end loop;
end;
--Fetch遊标
--使用的時候必須要明确的打開和關閉
declare
--類型定義
cursor c_job
is
select empno,ename,job,sal
from emp
where job='MANAGER';
--定義一個遊标變量
c_row c_job%rowtype;
begin
open c_job;
loop
--提取一行資料到c_row
fetch c_job into c_row;
--判讀是否提取到值,沒取到值就退出
--取到值c_job%notfound 是false
--取不到值c_job%notfound 是true
exit when c_job%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(c_row.empno||'-'||c_row.ename||'-'||c_row.job||'-'||c_row.sal);
end loop;
--關閉遊标
close c_job;
end;
--1:任意執行一個update操作,用隐式遊标sql的屬性%found,%notfound,%rowcount,%isopen觀察update語句的執行情況。
begin
update emp set ENAME='ALEARK' WHERE EMPNO=7469;
if sql%isopen then
dbms_output.put_line('Openging');
else
dbms_output.put_line('closing');
end if;
if sql%found then
dbms_output.put_line('遊标指向了有效行');--判斷遊标是否指向有效行
else
dbms_output.put_line('Sorry');
end if;
if sql%notfound then
dbms_output.put_line('Also Sorry');
else
dbms_output.put_line('Haha');
end if;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('Sorry No data');
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line('Too Many rows');
end;
declare
empNumber emp.EMPNO%TYPE;
empName emp.ENAME%TYPE;
begin
if sql%isopen then
dbms_output.put_line('Cursor is opinging');
else
dbms_output.put_line('Cursor is Close');
end if;
if sql%notfound then
dbms_output.put_line('No Value');
else
dbms_output.put_line(empNumber);
end if;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
dbms_output.put_line('-------------');
select EMPNO,ENAME into empNumber,empName from emp where EMPNO=7499;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
if sql%isopen then
dbms_output.put_line('Cursor is opinging');
else
dbms_output.put_line('Cursor is Closing');
end if;
if sql%notfound then
dbms_output.put_line('No Value');
else
dbms_output.put_line(empNumber);
end if;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('No Value');
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line('too many rows');
end;
--2,使用遊标和loop循環來顯示所有部門的名稱
--遊标聲明
declare
cursor csr_dept
is
--select語句
select DNAME
from Depth;
--指定行指針,這句話應該是指定和csr_dept行類型相同的變量
row_dept csr_dept%rowtype;
begin
--for循環
for row_dept in csr_dept loop
dbms_output.put_line('部門名稱:'||row_dept.DNAME);
end loop;
end;
--3,使用遊标和while循環來顯示所有部門的的地理位置(用%found屬性)
declare
--遊标聲明
cursor csr_TestWhile
is
--select語句
select LOC
from Depth;
--指定行指針
row_loc csr_TestWhile%rowtype;
begin
--打開遊标
open csr_TestWhile;
--給第一行喂資料
fetch csr_TestWhile into row_loc;
--測試是否有資料,并執行循環
while csr_TestWhile%found loop
dbms_output.put_line('部門地點:'||row_loc.LOC);
--給下一行喂資料
fetch csr_TestWhile into row_loc;
end loop;
close csr_TestWhile;
end;
select * from emp
--4,接收使用者輸入的部門編号,用for循環和遊标,列印出此部門的所有雇員的所有資訊(使用循環遊标)
--CURSOR cursor_name[(parameter[,parameter],...)] IS select_statement;
--定義參數的文法如下:Parameter_name [IN] data_type[{:=|DEFAULT} value]
declare
CURSOR
c_dept(p_deptNo number)
is
select * from emp where emp.depno=p_deptNo;
r_emp emp%rowtype;
begin
for r_emp in c_dept(20) loop
dbms_output.put_line('員工号:'||r_emp.EMPNO||'員工名:'||r_emp.ENAME||'工資:'||r_emp.SAL);
end loop;
end;
select * from emp
--5:向遊标傳遞一個工種,顯示此工種的所有雇員的所有資訊(使用參數遊标)
declare
cursor
c_job(p_job nvarchar2)
is
select * from emp where JOB=p_job;
r_job emp%rowtype;
begin
for r_job in c_job('CLERK') loop
dbms_output.put_line('員工号'||r_job.EMPNO||' '||'員工姓名'||r_job.ENAME);
end loop;
end;
SELECT * FROM EMP
--6:用更新遊标來為雇員加傭金:(用if實作,建立一個與emp表一摸一樣的emp1表,對emp1表進行修改操作),并将更新前後的資料輸出出來
--http://zheng12tian.iteye.com/blog/815770
create table emp1 as select * from emp;
declare
cursor
csr_Update
is
select * from emp1 for update OF SAL;
empInfo csr_Update%rowtype;
saleInfo emp1.SAL%TYPE;
begin
FOR empInfo IN csr_Update LOOP
IF empInfo.SAL<1500 THEN
saleInfo:=empInfo.SAL*1.2;
elsif empInfo.SAL<2000 THEN
saleInfo:=empInfo.SAL*1.5;
elsif empInfo.SAL<3000 THEN
saleInfo:=empInfo.SAL*2;
END IF;
UPDATE emp1 SET SAL=saleInfo WHERE CURRENT OF csr_Update;
END LOOP;
END;
--7:編寫一個PL/SQL程式塊,對名字以‘A’或‘S’開始的所有雇員按他們的基本薪水(sal)的10%給他們加薪(對emp1表進行修改操作)
declare
cursor
csr_AddSal
is
select * from emp1 where ENAME LIKE 'A%' OR ENAME LIKE 'S%' for update OF SAL;
r_AddSal csr_AddSal%rowtype;
saleInfo emp1.SAL%TYPE;
begin
for r_AddSal in csr_AddSal loop
dbms_output.put_line(r_AddSal.ENAME||'原來的工資:'||r_AddSal.SAL);
saleInfo:=r_AddSal.SAL*1.1;
UPDATE emp1 SET SAL=saleInfo WHERE CURRENT OF csr_AddSal;
end loop;
end;
--8:編寫一個PL/SQL程式塊,對所有的salesman增加傭金(comm)500
declare
cursor
csr_AddComm(p_job nvarchar2)
is
select * from emp1 where JOB=p_job FOR UPDATE OF COMM;
r_AddComm emp1%rowtype;
commInfo emp1.comm%type;
begin
for r_AddComm in csr_AddComm('SALESMAN') LOOP
commInfo:=r_AddComm.COMM+500;
UPDATE EMP1 SET COMM=commInfo where CURRENT OF csr_AddComm;
END LOOP;
END;
--9:編寫一個PL/SQL程式塊,以提升2個資格最老的職員為MANAGER(工作時間越長,資格越老)
--(提示:可以定義一個變量作為計數器控制遊标隻提取兩條資料;也可以在聲明遊标的時候把雇員中資格最老的兩個人查出來放到遊标中。)
declare
cursor crs_testComput
is
select * from emp1 order by HIREDATE asc;
--計數器
top_two number:=2;
r_testComput crs_testComput%rowtype;
begin
open crs_testComput;
FETCH crs_testComput INTO r_testComput;
while top_two>0 loop
dbms_output.put_line('員工姓名:'||r_testComput.ENAME||' 工作時間:'||r_testComput.HIREDATE);
--計速器減一
top_two:=top_two-1;
FETCH crs_testComput INTO r_testComput;
end loop;
close crs_testComput;
end;
--10:編寫一個PL/SQL程式塊,對所有雇員按他們的基本薪水(sal)的20%為他們加薪,
--如果增加的薪水大于300就取消加薪(對emp1表進行修改操作,并将更新前後的資料輸出出來)
declare
cursor
crs_UpadateSal
is
select * from emp1 for update of SAL;
r_UpdateSal crs_UpadateSal%rowtype;
salAdd emp1.sal%type;
salInfo emp1.sal%type;
begin
for r_UpdateSal in crs_UpadateSal loop
salAdd:= r_UpdateSal.SAL*0.2;
if salAdd>300 then
salInfo:=r_UpdateSal.SAL;
dbms_output.put_line(r_UpdateSal.ENAME||': 加薪失敗。'||'薪水維持在:'||r_UpdateSal.SAL);
else
salInfo:=r_UpdateSal.SAL+salAdd;
dbms_output.put_line(r_UpdateSal.ENAME||': 加薪成功.'||'薪水變為:'||salInfo);
end if;
update emp1 set SAL=salInfo where current of crs_UpadateSal;
end loop;
end;
--11:将每位員工工作了多少年零多少月零多少天輸出出來
--近似
--CEIL(n)函數:取大于等于數值n的最小整數
--FLOOR(n)函數:取小于等于數值n的最大整數
--truc的用法 http://publish.it168.com/2005/1028/20051028034101.shtml
declare
cursor
crs_WorkDay
is
select ENAME,HIREDATE, trunc(months_between(sysdate, hiredate) / 12) AS SPANDYEARS,
trunc(mod(months_between(sysdate, hiredate), 12)) AS months,
trunc(mod(mod(sysdate - hiredate, 365), 12)) as days
from emp1;
r_WorkDay crs_WorkDay%rowtype;
begin
for r_WorkDay in crs_WorkDay loop
dbms_output.put_line(r_WorkDay.ENAME||'已經工作了'||r_WorkDay.SPANDYEARS||'年,零'||r_WorkDay.months||'月,零'||r_WorkDay.days||'天');
end loop;
end;
--12:輸入部門編号,按照下列加薪比例執行(用CASE實作,建立一個emp1表,修改emp1表的資料),并将更新前後的資料輸出出來
-- deptno raise(%)
-- 10 5%
-- 20 10%
-- 30 15%
-- 40 20%
-- 加薪比例以現有的sal為标準
--CASE expr WHEN comparison_expr THEN return_expr
--[, WHEN comparison_expr THEN return_expr]... [ELSE else_expr] END
declare
cursor
crs_caseTest
is
select * from emp1 for update of SAL;
r_caseTest crs_caseTest%rowtype;
salInfo emp1.sal%type;
begin
for r_caseTest in crs_caseTest loop
case
when r_caseTest.DEPNO=10
THEN salInfo:=r_caseTest.SAL*1.05;
when r_caseTest.DEPNO=20
THEN salInfo:=r_caseTest.SAL*1.1;
when r_caseTest.DEPNO=30
THEN salInfo:=r_caseTest.SAL*1.15;
when r_caseTest.DEPNO=40
THEN salInfo:=r_caseTest.SAL*1.2;
end case;
update emp1 set SAL=salInfo where current of crs_caseTest;
end loop;
end;
--13:對每位員工的薪水進行判斷,如果該員工薪水高于其所在部門的平均薪水,則将其薪水減50元,輸出更新前後的薪水,員工姓名,所在部門編号。
--AVG([distinct|all] expr) over (analytic_clause)
---作用:
--按照analytic_clause中的規則求分組平均值。
--分析函數文法:
--FUNCTION_NAME(<argument>,<argument>...)
--OVER
--(<Partition-Clause><Order-by-Clause><Windowing Clause>)
--PARTITION子句
--按照表達式分區(就是分組),如果省略了分區子句,則全部的結果集被看作是一個單一的組
select * from emp1
DECLARE
CURSOR
crs_testAvg
IS
select EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,SAL,DEPNO,AVG(SAL) OVER (PARTITION BY DEPNO ) AS DEP_AVG
FROM EMP1 for update of SAL;
r_testAvg crs_testAvg%rowtype;
salInfo emp1.sal%type;
begin
for r_testAvg in crs_testAvg loop
if r_testAvg.SAL>r_testAvg.DEP_AVG then
salInfo:=r_testAvg.SAL-50;
end if;
update emp1 set SAL=salInfo where current of crs_testAvg;
end loop;
end;