ubuntu18.04 /20.04 安裝後的簡單配置

一、更換國内源

1. 備份

   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.back
              

2. 編輯

   sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
              

3. 可選擇的國内源

   18.04國内源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
           

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
           

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
           

20.04國内源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

           

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

           

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

           

4. sudo apt-get update
           

二、安裝工作必備軟體

1. 安裝vim

   sudo apt-get install vim-gtk

   配置vim

   sudo gedit ~/.vimrc

   set nu
   set number
   set tabstop=4
   set shiftwidth=4
   set autoindent
   set wrap  
              

2. 安裝eclipse

   百度雲盤上下載下傳：

   eclipse然後拷貝到/opt/目錄，并進行解壓。

   eclipse-cpp-2019-06-R-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz

   建立桌面快捷方式

   sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

   [Desktop Entry]
   Encoding=UTF-8
   Name=Eclipse
   Comment=Eclipse
   Exec=/opt/eclipse/eclipse 
   Icon=/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm
   Terminal=false
   StartupNotify=true
   Type=Application
   Categories=Application;Development;
              

   接着ctrl+s儲存檔案，然後賦予可執行權限

   sudo chmod u+x /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

   sudo cp /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop ~/Desktop/

   最後将其複制到桌面或者固定在dock上就可以通過圖示啟動eclipse了

3. 安裝androidStudio

   步驟與安裝eclipse相似，同上。

[Desktop Entry]
	Type=Application
	Terminal=false
	Name=Android Studio
	Exec=/opt/android-studio/bin/studio.sh
	Comment=Integrated Android developer tools for development and debugging.
	Icon=/opt/android-studio/bin/studio.png
	Categories=GNOME;GTK;Development;IDE;
           

1. qtcreater 安裝

sudo apt-get install qt5-default qtcreator -y
           

1. 安裝常用的工具

sudo apt-get install subversion cmake  meld openssh-server cutecom  android-tools-adb git
sudo apt-get -y install flex curl libncurses5-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom
sudo apt-get -y install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo apt-get -y install exfat-fuse exfat-utils device-tree-compiler liblz4-tool