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oracle三步啟動,oracle 啟動三步驟

oracle 啟動三步驟

oracle啟動會經過三個過程,分别是nomount、mount、open

一、nomount 階段

nomount 階段,可以看到執行個體已經啟動。oracle程序會根據參數檔案開創共享記憶體池。

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes

Fixed Size 2213896 bytes

Variable Size 956303352 bytes

Database Buffers 687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes

SQL>

可以看到共享記憶體已經開辟

[[email protected] dbs]# ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------

key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status

0x00000000 98304 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 131073 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 163842 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 196611 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 229380 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 262149 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 294918 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 327687 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 360456 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x33554094 1048585 oracle 660 4096 0

0x00000000 425994 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 458763 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 491532 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 524301 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 557070 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 688143 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

0x00000000 720912 oracle 600 393216 2 dest

程序已經開啟

oracle 2965 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_test

oracle 2967 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_test

oracle 2971 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_test

oracle 2973 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_test

oracle 2975 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_test

oracle 2977 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_test

oracle 2979 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_test

oracle 2981 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:01 ora_mman_test

oracle 2983 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_test

oracle 2985 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_test

oracle 2987 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_test

oracle 2989 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_test

oracle 2991 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_test

oracle 2993 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_test

oracle 2995 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_test

oracle 2997 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_test

oracle 2999 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_test

檢視參數配置檔案位置

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------

spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4

/db_1/dbs/spfiletest.ora

SQL>

移除配置檔案後startup nomount,報錯如下:

SQL> startup nomount;

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_1/dbs/inittest.ora‘

SQL>

二、mount 階段

mount階段,oracle會根據nomount階段的參數檔案來尋找控制檔案的名稱和位置,一旦查找到立即鎖定該控制檔案,控制檔案裡記錄了資料庫中的資料檔案、日志檔案、檢查點資訊等非常重要的資訊。啟動mount時,會先自動啟動nomount

startup mount

mount階段可以看到,比nomount階段多了一個database mounted的提示。

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes

Fixed Size 2213896 bytes

Variable Size 956303352 bytes

Database Buffers 687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL>

檢視控制檔案位置

SQL> show parameter control

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time integer 7

control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/c

ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/

flash_recovery_area/test/contr

ol02.ctl

control_management_pack_access string DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING

SQL>

将配置檔案移除,然後在啟動一次。

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes

Fixed Size 2213896 bytes

Variable Size 956303352 bytes

Database Buffers 687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

SQL>

三、open階段

open階段會根據控制檔案記錄的資訊,定位到資料庫檔案、日志檔案等,正式開啟執行個體和資料庫之間的橋梁。如果資料檔案或者日志檔案缺少,那麼open失敗。

open之後,如果有使用歸檔日志功能,便可看到歸檔日志的程序。

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL>

檢視日志檔案和日志檔案的位置

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME

------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf

SQL>

SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# MEMBER

-------------------------------------

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log

2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log

1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log

移動一個資料檔案後啟動,報錯如下

SQL> startup;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes

Fixed Size 2213896 bytes

Variable Size 956303352 bytes

Database Buffers 687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 4: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf‘

SQL>

如果我随便複制一個檔案進去可不可以呢?啟動如下:

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01122: database file 4 failed verification check

ORA-01110: data file 4: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf‘

ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt

總結

我們可以使用statup來啟動oracle資料庫,也可以用shutdwon來關閉。如果使用startup啟動,其實已經經過了三個過程。

總的來說,沒有參數檔案,執行個體無法建立,資料庫無法nomount成功,沒有配置檔案,資料庫無法mount;沒有資料檔案,資料庫無法打開使用。