1. 建立執行線程的方式
建立執行線程一共有4種方式。分别是繼承Thread、實作接口Runnable接口、實作Callable接口、線程池。
1.1 繼承Thread
繼承Thread并重寫父類run()方法,通過start()方法啟動線程。
/**
* 建立執行線程方式一:繼承Tread
* @author xiaobin
* @date 2018/3/11
*/
public class TestThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadDemo threadDemo1 = new ThreadDemo("A");
ThreadDemo threadDemo2 = new ThreadDemo("B");
threadDemo1.start();
threadDemo2.start();
}
}
class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
public ThreadDemo(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("運作線程:" + this.getName());
}
}
1.2 實作Runnable接口
通過實作Runnable接口,并實作方法run()完成任務。将Runnable實作類的執行個體傳到Thread構造方法,完成任務執行。
/**
* 建立執行線程方式二:實作Runnable
* @author xiaobin
* @date 2018/3/11
*/
public class TestRunnable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread th1 = new Thread(new RunnableDemo(),"A");
Thread th2 = new Thread(new RunnableDemo(),"B");
th1.start();
th2.start();
}
}
class RunnableDemo implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("運作線程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
1.3 實作Callable接口
相對于Runnable接口的方式,方法可以有傳回值,并且可以抛出異常。
Callable需要FutureTask實作類的支援,用于接收傳回結果。get()方法是阻塞方法,直到有傳回值。
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
/**
* 建立執行線程方式三:實作Callable
* @author xiaobin
* @date 2018/3/11
*/
public class TestCallable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CallableDemo callableDemo = new CallableDemo();
//Callable需要FutureTask實作類的支援,用于接收運算結果
FutureTask<Integer> result = new FutureTask<>(callableDemo);
new Thread(result).start();
try {
System.out.println("接收結果:" + result.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class CallableDemo implements Callable<Integer> {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("執行Callable");
return ;
}
}
1.4 線程池
JUC包提供的Excetor為線程池接口,通過excute(Runnable r)方法可以将任務交給線程池進行執行。
Java提供了Executors類,該類有四個靜态方法分别可以建立不同類型的線程池(ExecutorService)。
- Executors.newCachedThreadPool() 建立可變大小的線程池
- Executors.newFixedThreadPool(int number) 建立固定大小的線程池
- Executors.newSingleThreadPool() 建立單任務線程池
- Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(int number) 建立延遲線程池
/**
* @author xiaobin
* @date 2018/3/11
*/
public class TestThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一個可重用固定線程數的線程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool();
Thread t1 = new ThreadDemo1();
Runnable runnable = new RunnableDemo1();
Callable callable = new CallableDemo1();
try {
executorService.execute(runnable);
executorService.execute(t1);
Future<String> future1 = executorService.submit(callable);
System.out.println("傳回值:" + future1.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class CallableDemo1 implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("運作線程callable:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
return "123";
}
}
class RunnableDemo1 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("運作線程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
class ThreadDemo1 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("運作線程:" + this.getName());
}
}