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c++11 标準模闆(STL)(std::unordered_set)(五)容量

定義于頭檔案 <unordered_set>
      

template<

    class Key,

    class Hash = std::hash<Key>,

    class KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,

    class Allocator = std::allocator<Key>

> class unordered_set;

(1) (C++11 起)

namespace pmr {

    template <class Key,

              class Hash = std::hash<Key>,

              class Pred = std::equal_to<Key>>

    using unordered_set = std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Pred,

                                             std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<Key>>;

}

(2) (C++17 起)

unordered_set is 是含有 Key 類型唯一對象集合的關聯容器。搜尋、插入和移除擁有平均常數時間複雜度。

在内部,元素并不以任何特别順序排序,而是組織進桶中。元素被放進哪個桶完全依賴其值的哈希。這允許對單獨元素的快速通路,因為哈希一旦,就準确指代元素被放入的桶。

不可修改容器元素(即使通過非 const 疊代器),因為修改可能更改元素的哈希,并破壞容器。

容量

檢查容器是否為空

std::unordered_set<Key,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator>::empty
           
bool empty() const noexcept;

(C++11 起)

(C++20 前)

[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept; (C++20 起)

檢查容器是否無元素,即是否 begin() == end() 。

參數

(無)

傳回值

若容器為空則為 true ,否則為 false

複雜度

常數。

傳回容納的元素數

std::unordered_set<Key,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator>::size
           
size_type size() const noexcept; (C++11 起)

傳回容器中的元素數,即 std::distance(begin(), end()) 。

參數

(無)

傳回值

容器中的元素數量。

複雜度

常數。

傳回可容納的最大元素數

std::unordered_set<Key,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator>::max_size
           
size_type max_size() const noexcept; (C++11 起)

傳回根據系統或庫實作限制的容器可保有的元素最大數量,即對于最大容器的 std::distance(begin(), end()) 。

參數

(無)

傳回值

元素數量的最大值。

複雜度

常數。

注意

此值通常反映容器大小上的理論極限,至多為 std::numeric_limits<difference_type>::max() 。運作時,可用 RAM 總量可能會限制容器大小到小于

max_size()

的值。

調用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <forward_list>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

struct Cell
{
    int x;
    int y;

    Cell() = default;
    Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}

    Cell &operator +=(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator +(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator *(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x *= cell.x;
        y *= cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator ++()
    {
        x += 1;
        y += 1;
        return *this;
    }


    bool operator <(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y < cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x < cell.x;
        }
    }

    bool operator >(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y > cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x > cell.x;
        }
    }

    bool operator ==(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        return x == cell.x && y == cell.y;
    }
};

struct myCompare
{
    bool operator()(const int &a, const int &b)
    {
        return a < b;
    }
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
    os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
    return os;
}

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair<const int, Cell> &pCell)
{
    os << pCell.first << "-" << pCell.second;
    return os;
}

struct CHash
{
    size_t operator()(const Cell& cell) const
    {
        size_t thash = std::hash<int>()(cell.x) | std::hash<int>()(cell.y);
//        std::cout << "CHash: " << thash << std::endl;
        return thash;
    }
};

struct CEqual
{
    bool operator()(const Cell &a, const Cell &b) const
    {
        return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
    }
};

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;

    std::mt19937 g{std::random_device{}()};
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));

    auto generate = []()
    {
        int n = std::rand() % 10 + 100;
        Cell cell{n, n};
        return cell;
    };

    std::vector<Cell> vector1(6);
    std::generate(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), generate);
    std::cout << "vector1:          ";
    std::copy(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;

    //檢查容器是否無元素,即是否 begin() == end() 。
    std::unordered_set<Cell, CHash, CEqual> unordered_set1;
    std::cout << "unordered_set1 is empty " << unordered_set1.empty() << std::endl;

    unordered_set1 = {generate(), generate(), generate(), generate(), generate(), generate()};;
    std::cout << "unordered_set1:   ";
    std::copy(unordered_set1.begin(), unordered_set1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "unordered_set1 is empty " << unordered_set1.empty() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::unordered_set<Cell, CHash, CEqual> unordered_set2;
    for (size_t index = 0; index < 6; index++)
    {
        unordered_set2.emplace(std::rand() % 10 + 100, std::rand() % 10 + 100);
        //傳回容器中的元素數,即 std::distance(begin(), end()) 。
        std::cout << "unordered_set2 size:  " << unordered_set2.size() << std::endl;
        std::copy(unordered_set2.begin(), unordered_set2.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    //傳回根據系統或庫實作限制的容器可保有的元素最大數量,
    //即對于最大容器的 std::distance(begin(), end()) 。
    std::unordered_set<char> unordered_set_c;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<char> max_size:      " << unordered_set_c.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<int> unordered_set_i;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<int> max_size:       " << unordered_set_i.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<uint8_t> unordered_set_ui8;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<uint8_t> max_size:   " << unordered_set_ui8.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<uint16_t> unordered_set_ui16;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<uint16_t> max_size:  " << unordered_set_ui16.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> unordered_set_ui32;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<uint32_t> max_size:  " << unordered_set_ui32.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> unordered_set_ui64;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<uint64_t> max_size:  " << unordered_set_ui64.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<short> unordered_set_s;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<short> max_size:     " << unordered_set_s.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<double> unordered_set_d;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<double> max_size:    " << unordered_set_d.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<float> unordered_set_f;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<float> max_size:     " << unordered_set_f.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<long> unordered_set_l;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<long> max_size:      " << unordered_set_l.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<long long> unordered_set_ll;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<long long> max_size: " << unordered_set_ll.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<string> unordered_set_str;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<string> max_size:    " << unordered_set_str.max_size() << std::endl;
    std::unordered_set<Cell, CHash, CEqual> unordered_set_Cell;
    std::cout << "unordered_set<Cell> max_size:      " << unordered_set_Cell.max_size() << std::endl;

    return 0;
}
           

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